דָּם₃₆₀ noun masculine^{Genesis 9:6} blood (Late Hebrew id., Arabic , Ethiopic Assyrian damu Nor²³⁹ Zim^{BP 72, 76}; Aramaic דַּם, דְּמָא , ) — absolute ׳ד Genesis 37:22 154t.; construct דַּם Genesis 9:6 62t.; suffix דָּמִי 1 Samuel 26:20 3t.; דָּֽמְךָ 2 Samuel 1:16 (Qr; Kt דמיך) + 4 t.; דָּמֵךְ Ezekiel 16:22 3t.; דָּמוֺ Genesis 9:4 30t.; דָּמָהּ Leviticus 4:30 (twice in verse) + 11 t.; דִּמְכֶם Genesis 9:5; דָּמָם Leviticus 16:27 11t.; plural דָּמִים Exodus 4:25 35t.; construct דְּמֵי Genesis 4:10 18t.; suffix דָּמֶיךָ 2 Samuel 1:16 Kt (Qr דָּֽמְךָ); דָּמַיִךְ Ezekiel 16:6 (3 t. in verse); Ezekiel 16:9; דָּמָיו Leviticus 20:9 3t.; דָּמֶיהָ Leviticus 12:7 2t.; דְּמֵיהֶם Leviticus 20:11 5t.; —

1 blood of man or animal, = the life (נֶפֶשׁ) Genesis 9:4 (P) Deuteronomy 12:23; Leviticus 17:14 (twice in verse) (H); compare נֶפֶשׁ הַבָּשָׂר בַּדָּם הִוא Leviticus 17:11 (H) & דִּמְכֶם לְנַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶם Genesis 9:5 (P); see also Psalm 72:14 וְיֵיקַר דָּמָם בְּעֵינָיו; hence blood of animals not to be eaten Leviticus 3:17; Leviticus 7:26,27(all P) Leviticus 17:10 (twice in verse); Leviticus 17:12 (twice in verse); Leviticus 17:14; Leviticus 19:26 (all H) Deuteronomy 12:16,23; Deuteronomy 15:23; 1 Samuel 14:32,33,34; Ezekiel 33:25 (compare RS^{K 310}), but to be poured out & covered with dust Leviticus 17:13 (compare RS^{Semitic i. 216 f.}).

2 usually blood become visible,

a. as from a wound הַמַּכָּה ׳ד 1 Kings 22:35 (compare חֲתַן דָּמִים Exodus 4:25,26 see below h); licked by dogs 1 Kings 21:19 (twice in verse); 1 Kings 22:38; Ezekiel 32:6; from the nose Proverbs 30:33; bloody issue of a woman Leviticus 15:19 compare Leviticus 15:25; plural דְּמֵי טָֽהֳרָה Leviticus 12:4,5, & מְקֹר דָּמֶיהָ Leviticus 12:7 (all P) Leviticus 20:18 (H); blood in which child welters Ezekiel 16:6 (twice in verse); Ezekiel 16:22 + Ezekiel 16:6 (strike out A B Co and others); of goat Genesis 37:31 (JE); of slain bird Leviticus 14:6,51,52.

b. often object of שָׁפַךְ, spill, shed Genesis 9:6 (P) Genesis 37:22 (E) Numbers 35:33 (P) Leviticus 17:4 (H) Deuteronomy 21:7; 1 Samuel 25:31; 1 Kings 18:28; 2 Kings 21:16; 2 Kings 24:4; 1 Chronicles 22:8; Ezekiel 16:38; Ezekiel 22:4,6,9,12,27; Ezekiel 23:45; Ezekiel 33:25; Ezekiel 36:18 (strike out B Co) Proverbs 1:16 also Psalm 79:3 שָֽׁפְכוּ דָמָם כַּמַּיִם; שֹׁפֵךְ דָּם a blood-shedder Ezekiel 18:10; עִיר שֹׁפֶכֶת דָּם Ezekiel 22:3 compare Ezekiel 22:4 (also 1 Kings 2:31; Jeremiah 22:3,17; 1 Chronicles 22:8; 1 Chronicles 28:3; Proverbs 6:17; Lamentations 4:13); less often subject of passive שָׁפוּךְ, נִשְׁמָּךְ, etc. Genesis 9:6; Numbers 35:33 (both P) Deuteronomy 19:10; Zephaniah 1:17; Psalm 79:10.

c. דַּם חָלָל Deuteronomy 32:42 (song) blood of slain; חֲלָלִים ׳ד 2 Samuel 1:22 so Numbers 23:24 (JE), object of שָׁתָה, of Israel under figure of lion; compare also Ezekiel 39:17,18,19, & 2 Samuel 23:17 = 1 Chronicles 11:19 (דַּם הָאֲנָשִׁים hyperbole for imperilled life); as food of young eagles Job 39:30.

d. often of innocent blood, i.e. blood shed with injustice & cruelty, דָּם נָקִי Deuteronomy 21:8,9; 1 Samuel 19:5; 2 Kings 21:16; 2 Kings 24:4; Psalm 94:21; Psalm 106:38 compare Psalm 94:38; Proverbs 6:17; Isaiah 59:7; Jeremiah 7:6; Jeremiah 22:3 (also Jeremiah 26:15); דָּם נָקִיא Joel 4:19; Jonah 1:14; also in construct דַּם נָקִי Deuteronomy 19:10; compare Deuteronomy 27:25 לְהַכּוֺת נֶפֶשׁ ׳נ ׳ד; דַּם הַנָּקִי Deuteronomy 19:13; Jeremiah 22:17; 2 Kings 24:4; דַּם נְקִיִּים Jeremiah 19:4; דַּם נַפְשׁוֺת אֶבְיוֺנִים נְקִיִּים Jeremiah 2:34; further דַּם צַדִּיקִים Lamentations 4:13; דְּמֵי חִנָּם 1 Kings 2:31; in Psalm 31:10 דָּמִי = my death ("" רִדְתִּי אֶלשַֿׁחַת).

e. evenger of blood גֹּאֵל הַדָּם Numbers 35:19,21,24,25,27 (twice in verse) (all P); Deuteronomy 19:6,12; Joshua 20:3,5,9; 2 Samuel 14:11.

f. plural דָּמִים of abundance, blood in quantity, hence sometimes of blood shed by rude violence, and of blood-stains; — Genesis 4:10,11(J) as crying from the ground for vengeance (compare RS^{Semitic i. 397}), compare also 2 Samuel 3:28; 2 Samuel 16:8; 2 Kings 9:26 (twice in verse); Isaiah 1:15; Isaiah 9:4; Isaiah 26:21; Ezekiel 16:6 (3 t. in verse); Ezekiel 16:9,36 (on text of Ezekiel 16:6 see above) Zechariah 9:7; 2Chronicles 24:25; דְּמֵי אָדָם Habakkuk 2:8,17, and in other connections; but interchangeably with singular 2 Samuel 3:27; 2 Samuel 20:12; 2 Kings 9:33; Isaiah 34:3,6 (twice in verse); Isaiah 34:7; Ezekiel 21:37; Ezekiel 22:13 (plural Co) Ezekiel 24:8 (twice in verse) and elsewhere; see especially אֶרֶץ אַלתְּֿכַסִּי דָמִי Job 16:18; דְּמֵי ירושׁלם blood-stains of Jerusalem Isaiah 4:4; = slaughter, singular Genesis 37:26 (J) Jeremiah 48:10; Ezekiel 5:17; Ezekiel 28:23 ("" דֶּבֶר) Ezekiel 38:22 ("" id.); דַּםעֲֿבָדָיו Deuteronomy 32:43 (song: compare Psalm 79:10); plural דְּמֵי עֲבָדַי 2 Kings 9:7 (twice in verse); דְּמֵי יִזְרְעֶאל Hosea 1:4; bloodshed at Jezreel; compare דָּמִים בְּדָמִים נָגָ֑עוּ Hosea 4:2; דְּמֵי מִלְחָמָה 1 Kings 2:5 (twice in verse); in Ezekiel 9:9 וַתִּמָּלֵא הָאָרֶץ חָמָס (Baer) read דָּמִים for חָמָס see d. H. Vrss Co Comm.; אָרַב לְדָם lie in wait for blood Proverbs 1:11 compare Proverbs 1:18; Proverbs 12:6; Micah 7:2; דָּמִים of a plan of murder Isaiah 33:15 (object of שׁמע); מִשְׁמַּט דָּמִים Ezekiel 7:23 bloody crime; as symbol of oppression, violence Micah 3:10 ("" עַוְלָה), Habakkuk 2:12 ("" id.)

g. דָּמִים = guilt of bloodshed, blood-guiltiness Exodus 22:1, then more Generally, mortal sin (RS^{OTJC 417, 2nd ed. 441}, compare Ezekiel 18:13) Psalm 51:16 (compare Hosea 12:15); also בּוֺא בְדָמִים 1 Samuel 25:26,33.

h. plural also in pharses: חֲתַן דָּמִים bloody bridegroom Exodus 4:25,26; also those denoting character, chiefly in poetry, אִישׁ דָּמִים bloody man (sanguinary) 2 Samuel 16:8; Psalm 5:7 אִישׁ הַדָּמִים 2 Samuel 16:7; אַנְשֵׁי דָּמִים, Psalm 26:9; Psalm 55:24; Psalm 59:3; Psalm 139:19; Proverbs 29:10; ואלבֵּֿית הַדָּמִים bloody house 2 Samuel 21:1 but read with ᵐ5 We Dr ואל בֵּיתֹה דמים, & on his house is blood; עִיר דָּמִים Nahum 3:1; עִיר הַדָּמִים Ezekiel 22:2; Ezekiel 24:6 + Ezekiel 24:9 (strike out B Co).

i. דָּמָיו בּוֺ his blood is in (upon) him, he is responsible for his own death Leviticus 20:9 compare Leviticus 20:11; Leviticus 20:12; Leviticus 20:13; Leviticus 20:16; Leviticus 20:27 (all H), Ezekiel 18:13 ( + יִהְיֶה); דָּמוֺ בּוֺ Ezekiel 33:5; דָּמוֺ בְּראֹשׁוֺ Joshua 2:19 (twice in verse); so with שָׁבוּ 1 Kings 2:33, יִהְיֶה 1 Kings 2:37; Ezekiel 33:4; דָּֽמְ֯יךָ עַל ראֹשֶׁ֑ךָ 2 Samuel 1:16, and אֶתדָּֿמוֺ עַלרֿאֹשׁוֺ ׳הֵשִׁיב י 1 Kings 2:32; also לֹא תָשִׂים דָּמִים בְּבֵיתְךָ Deuteronomy 22:8; and דָּמָם לָשׂוּם עַל אֲבִימֶלֶךְ Judges 9:24; נָתַן דָּם על (אלׅ Jeremiah 26:15; Jonah 1:14; וְהָיָה עָלָיךָ דָּמִים Deuteronomy 19:10, see 2 Samuel 21:1 above; also singular Ezekiel 22:4 בְּדָמֵךְ אָשַׁמְתְּ, and as subject of יֵחָשֵׁב לְ shall be imputed to Leviticus 17:4 (H); אֵין לוֺ דָמִים Exodus 22:1 compare Exodus 22:2 (both J E) & (singular) Numbers 35:27 (P).

j. of judicial process in case of bloodshed דָּבָר לַמִּשְׁמָּט בֵּיןדָּֿם לְדָם Deuteronomy 17:8 compare 2 Chronicles 19:10; לֹא תַּעֲמֹד עַלדַּֿם רֵעֶ֑ךָ Leviticus 19:16 (H).

k. in phrase require blood at the hand of, exact vengeance (for it) from, דָּרַשׁ דָּמוֺ מִיַּד Ezekiel 33:6; Genesis 9:5; דָּמוֺ נִדְרָשׁ Genesis 42:22 (E); absolute דֹּרשׁ דמים Psalm 9:13; אֲבַקֵּשׁ אֶתדָּֿמוֺ מִיֶּדְכֶם 2 Samuel 4:11 compare Ezekiel 3:18,20; Ezekiel 33:8; עַלֿ ׳מָּקַד ד Hosea 1:4; ׳וְנִקֵּיתִי ד Joel 4:21; Ezekiel 35:6 (4 t. in verse); compare on the other hand ׳אַליִֿמֹּל דָּמִי אַרְצָה מִנֶּגֶד מְּנֵי י 1 Samuel 26:20 i.e. let it not de unavenged.

l. of blood as defiling a land Numbers 35:33 (P) compare Psalm 106:38 (plural בדמים); עֲקֻבָּה מִדָּם Hosea 6:8 of a city foot-printed (VB) with blood; defiling hands Isaiah 1:15; Isaiah 59:3; Lamentations 4:14 compare Ezekiel 23:37,45; further, of blood as oppressing one who has shed it עָשֻׁק בְּדַם נֶפֶשׁ Proverbs 28:17.

m. atonement for blood-guilt is expressed by וְנִכַּמֵּר לָהֶם הַדָּם Deuteronomy 21:8 (on form of verb compare Ges^{§ 55}, 9 & Di).

n. blood (-shedding) as connected with divine wrath וְשָׁפַכְתִּ֫י חֲמָתִי עָלָיהָ בְּדָם Ezekiel 14:19; דַּם חֵמָה וְקִנְאָה Ezekiel 16:38; see further אַשְׁכִּיר חִצַּי מִדָּם Deuteronomy 32:42, compare Jeremiah 46:10; compare also of human vengeance by divine help יִרְחַץ בְּדַם הָרָשָׁע Psalm 58:11; תִּמֲחַץ רַגְלְךָ בְּדָם Psalm 68:24; note further Isaiah 49:26; Ezekiel 39:19 (in both figurative of being drunk with blood); then of simple human vengeance וְהוֺרַדְתָּ֫ אֶתשֵֿׂיבָתוֺ בְּדָם שְׁאוֺל 1 Kings 2:9.

o. of water turned into blood (singular) in Egypt, by divine power Exodus 4:9 (J) Exodus 7:17,20 (JE) Exodus 7:19; Exodus 7:19; Exodus 7:21 (P) Psalm 78:44; Psalm 105:29; compare Isaiah 15:9 & Ezekiel 32:6; further, of appearance of blood in sky Joel 3:3, & of colour of moon Joel 2:4; specifically of red colour of water אֲדֻמִּים כַּדָּם 2 Kings 3:22 compare 2 Kings 3:23.

3 blood used with religious significance,

a. blood of passover-lamb Exodus 12:7,13 (twice in verse) (all P) Exodus 12:22; Exodus 12:22; Exodus 12:23 (all J E); note also דַּם הַבְּרִית, i.e. blood by which covenant was ratified Exodus 24:8 (JE) Zechariah 9:11.

b. blood used in ritual, Leviticus 17:11 הַדָּם הוּא בַּנֶּפֶשׁ יְכַמֵּר (H); compare 2 Chronicles 29:24; also Ezekiel 44:7,15 (both "" חֵלָב); further Leviticus 1:5; Isaiah 1:11; Psalm 50:13; thrown on altar, verb זָרַק usually with עַל Exodus 24:6 (JE) Exodus 29:16,20; Leviticus 1:5,11; Leviticus 3:2,8,13; Leviticus 7:2,14; Leviticus 8:19,24; Leviticus 9:12,18 (all P) Leviticus 17:6 (H) Numbers 18:17 (P) Ezekiel 43:18; 2 Kings 16:13,15 (twice in verse); 2Chronicles 29:22 (3 t. in verse); compare 2Chronicles 30:16; sprinkled, verb הִזָּה Leviticus 5:9; Leviticus 16:19 (both P); sprinkled toward tent of meeting (verb הִזָּה) Numbers 19:4 (twice in verse) (P); brought into tent of meeting Leviticus 4:5,16; Leviticus 6:23; compare Leviticus 10:18 (all P); sprinkled toward the holy of holies (verb הִזָּה) Leviticus 4:6 (twice in verse); Leviticus 4:17; Leviticus 16:14 (twice in verse) (all P); brought within the veil on day of atonement Leviticus 16:15 (3 t. in verse) (compare Leviticus 16:14) Leviticus 16:27 (all P); thrown on people Exodus 24:8 (J E; זָרַק); sprinkled on priests (הִזָּה) Exodus 29:21; Leviticus 8:30 (both P); on garment (in sanctuary, הִזָּה) Leviticus 6:20 (P); applied with finger to horns of altar Exodus 29:12; Leviticus 4:7,18,25,30,34; Leviticus 8:15; Leviticus 9:9 (3 t. in verse); Leviticus 16:18 (twice in verse) (all P; also Ezekiel 45:19) Ezekiel 43:20; applied to tip of right ear of priest Exodus 29:20; Leviticus 8:23,24 (all P; also Leviticus 14:14,25 P); poured out at base of altar (שָׁפַךְ אֶלֿ) Exodus 29:12; Leviticus 4:7,18,25,30,34 (all P); compare with מָצָה (Niph`al) Leviticus 1:15; Leviticus 5:9; with יָצַק Leviticus 8:15 (all P); half of blood put in basons Exodus 24:6 (JE); blood poured out on altar Deuteronomy 12:27 (twice in verse); blood of red heifer burned Numbers 19:5 (P); see further such terms as דַּם זִבְחִי Exodus 23:18; Exodus 34:25 (both J E) (compare Deuteronomy 12:27; 2 Kings 16:15); דַּם הַשְּׁלָמִים Leviticus 7:33 (P; compare Leviticus 7:14); דַּם חַטָּאת הַכִּמֻּרִים Exodus 30:10 (P) compare Ezekiel 45:19; דַּם הָאָשָׁם Leviticus 14:14,17,25,28; (see זֶבַח, שֶׁלֶם, חַטָּאת, אָשָׁם); דַּםחֲֿזִיר, swine's blood, as heathen offering Isaiah 66:3; compare נִסְכֵּיהֶם מִדָּם Psalm 16:4 (see Che).

4 figurative of wine דַּםעֲֿנָבִים Genesis 49:11 (blessing of Jacob "" יַיִן); compare Deuteronomy 32:14 (song) דַּם עֵנָב תִּשְׁתֶּהחָֿ֑מֶר. — בְּדָֽמְךָ Ezekiel 19:10 probably textual error compare VB; Da prop: בְּרוּמָהּ in her height.