I. between men.

1 trety, alliance, league: Abraham and Amorites Genesis 14:13; Edom and its allies Obadiah 7; with Philistines Genesis 21:27,32 (E) Genesis 26:28 (J); Jacob and Laban Genesis 31:44 (J); Joshua and Gibeonites Joshua 9:6,7,11,15,16 (J); Israel and Canaanites Exodus 23:32; Exodus 34:12,15 (JE) Deuteronomy 7:2; Judges 2:2; Ammonites and Jabesh 1 Samuel 11:1; Solomon and Hiram 1 Kings 5:26; Ahab and Benhadad 1 Kings 20:34; Syria and Israel 1 Kings 15:19 2Chronicles 16:3; Nebuchadnezzar and Zedekiah Ezekiel 17:13-19; nations against Israel Psalm 83:6; nations with Egypt Ezekiel 30:5; Ephraim and Assyria Hosea 12:2; Judah and Israel Ezekiel 16:61; Judah and Tyre Amos 1:9; Assyria and Judah Isaiah 33:8; נגיד ברית a prince in league (with him) Daniel 11:22 (so He Ew; Hi Meinh Bev reference to high priest Onias III, & translate prince of covenant, compare AV RV); figurative, with death Isaiah 28:15,18; with stones of the field Job 5:23.

2 constitution, ordinance, between monarch and subjects: David and Abner 2 Samuel 3:12,13,21; David and the elders of Israel 2 Samuel 5:3 = 1 Chronicles 11:3; Zedekiah and his people Jeremiah 34:8-18; hostile prince and Israelites Daniel 9:27.

3 agreement, pledge: Jehoiada and captains 2 Kings 11:4 2Chronicles 23:1; with onself Job 31:1; with Leviathan to be a servant Job 40:28; between man and man Hosea 10:4 compare בעל ברית Judges 8:33; Judges 9:4 = אל ברית Judges 9:46.

4 alliance of friendship between David and Jonathan 1 Samuel 18:3; 1 Samuel 20:8; 1 Samuel 23:18 compare Psalm 55:21.

5 alliance of marriage Proverbs 2:17; Malachi 2:14. — In all cases כרת ברית is the technical phrase for making covenant except Jeremiah 34:10 באו בברית; Daniel 9:27 הגביר ברית לְ. Various prepositions are used, most often לְ Exodus 23:32 +, but also עִם Genesis 26:28 +, אֵת 2 Samuel 3:12 +, בֵּין2Chronicles 16:3.

II. between God and man.

1 alliance of friendship ("" סוֺד) Psalm 25:14.

2 covenant, as a divine constitution or ordinance with signs or pledges (see אוֺת).

a. with Noah Genesis 9:9-17 (P) Isaiah 54:10; Jeremiah 33:20,25; a divine promise that there would be no other deluge.

b. with Abraham, Isaac and Jacob Genesis 15:18 (J) Genesis 17:2-21 Exodus 2:24; Exodus 6:4,5; Leviticus 26:42 (P) 2 Kings 13:23; 1 Chronicles 16:15 = Psalm 105:8; Psalm 105:10; Nehemiah 9:8; Jeremiah 34:18; a promise to multiply their seed, give them the land of Canaan, and make them a blessing to the nations.

c. with Israel at Sinai = Horeb, with a covenant sacrifice Exodus 19:5; Exodus 24:7,8 (E) Exodus 34:10,27,28 (J) Exodus 31:16; Leviticus 2:13 (P) Leviticus 24:8; Leviticus 26:9,15,25,44,45 (H) Deuteronomy 4:13; renewed in plains of Moab Deuteronomy 28:69; with blessings and curses Deuteronomy 29:20; frequently referred to in other books 2Chronicles 34:32; Psalm 25:10; Psalm 44:18; Psalm 50:5; Psalm 50:16; Psalm 74:20; Psalm 78:10; Psalm 78:37; Psalm 103:18; Psalm 106:45; Psalm 111:5; Psalm 111:9; Isaiah 56:4,6; Jeremiah 1:2,3,6,8,10; Jeremiah 14:21; Jeremiah 22:9; Jeremiah 31:32; Ezekiel 16:8,59,60; Ezekiel 44:7; Daniel 9:4; Daniel 11:28,30,32; Hosea 6:7; Hosea 8:1; Zechariah 9:11; Zechariah 11:10; a divine constitution given to Israel with promises on condition of obedience and penalties for disobendience, in the form of tables of the covenant Deuteronomy 9:9,11,15, inscribed with the ten words, placed in ׅ׳ארון ברית(י the ark of the covenant Numbers 10:33 40t. (see ארון; in 1 Samuel 4:3,4 (twice in verse); 1 Samuel 4:5 omits ברית after ארון ᵐ5 We Dr); set forth in דברי הברית words of the covenant Exodus 34:28 (J) Deuteronomy 28:69; Deuteronomy 29:8; 2 Kings 23:3 (= 2 Chronicles 34:31) Jeremiah 11:2-8; written in ספר הברית the book of the covenant Exodus 24:7 (E compare Exodus 34:27 J) 2 Kings 23:2,21 (compare 2 Chronicles 34:30).

d. with Phinehas Numbers 25:12,13 (P), a constitution, establishing an everlasting priesthood in his line; compare ברית הכהנים Nehemiah 13:29 & ברית הלוי Malachi 2:4,8.

e. with Joshua and Israel Joshua 24:25 (E), an ordinance or constitutional agreement to serve Yahweh only.

f. with David Psalm 89:4; Psalm 89:29; Psalm 89:34; Psalm 89:39; Psalm 132:12; Jeremiah 33:21 (compare 2 Samuel 7 = 1 Chronicles 17); a divine promise to the seed of David of an everlasting kingdom, the relation of sonship, and the superintendence of the temple (compare Psalms 2..)

g. Jehoiada and the people 2 Kings 11:17 2Chronicles 23:3, a constitutional agreement to be the people of Yahweh.

h. Hezekiah and the people2Chronicles 29:10, a constitutional agreement to reform the worship.

i. Josiah and the people 2 Kings 23:3, a constitutional agreement to obey the book of the covenant.

j. Ezra and the people Ezra 10:3, a constitutional agreement to put away foreign wives and observe the Law.

k. the prophetic covenant, a divine promise through a series of prophets to establish a new constitution ברית חדשׁה Jeremiah 31:31, with new institutions and precepts Isaiah 42:6; Isaiah 49:8; Isaiah 55:3; Isaiah 59:21; Isaiah 61:8; Jeremiah 31:31,33; Jeremiah 32:40; Jeremiah 50:5; Ezekiel 16:60,62; Ezekiel 20:37; Ezekiel 34:25; Ezekiel 37:26; Hosea 2:20. In Isa² the Messianic servant is ברית עם Isaiah 42:6; Isaiah 49:8, compare מלאך הברית Malachi 3:1.

III. Phrases.

1 covenant making: כרת ברית Genesis 15:18; Exodus 34:10,27 (J) Joshua 24:25 (E) Deuteronomy 5:2,3; Deuteronomy 28:69; Deuteronomy 29:13; Deuteronomy 29:24; 1 Kings 5:26; 2 Kings 11:17; 2 Kings 17:35,38; 2 Kings 23:3; 2Chronicles 21:7; 23:3,16; 29:10; 34:30; Ezra 10:3; Nehemiah 9:8; Psalm 50:5; Psalm 89:4; Isaiah 55:3; Isaiah 61:8; Jeremiah 11:10; Jeremiah 31:31,32,33; Jeremiah 32:40; Jeremiah 34:13; Ezekiel 34:25; Ezekiel 37:26; Hosea 2:20; הקים ברית establish a covenant Genesis 6:18; Genesis 9:9,11,17; Genesis 17:7,19,21; Exodus 6:4 (P) Ezekiel 16:60,62, but confirm covenant Leviticus 26:9 (?;H) Deuteronomy 8:18; נתן ברית Genesis 17:2; Numbers 25:12 (P); שׂם ברית 2 Samuel 23:5 (poetry); עבר בברית Deuteronomy 29:11; בא בברית2Chronicles 15:12; Ezekiel 16:8; צוה ברית Psalm 111:9; נשׂא ברית על פי Psalm 50:16. (compare further on these Dr^{J Ph xi. 1882, 210 ff.})

2 covenant keeping: on the part of man שׁמר ברית 1 Kings 11:11; Nehemiah 1:5; Nehemiah 9:32; Psalm 78:10; Psalm 103:18; Psalm 132:12; Daniel 9:4, נצר ברית Deuteronomy 33:9; Psalm 25:10, מחזיקים בברית Isaiah 56:4,6; on the part of God זכר ברית Genesis 9:15,16; Exodus 2:24; Exodus 6:5 (all P), Leviticus 26:42 (3 t. in verse) (H; on suffix compare Di Ges^{§ 128}, 1 R b) Leviticus 26:45 (H) Psalm 105:8; Psalm 106:45; Psalm 111:5; 1 Chronicles 16:15; Ezekiel 16:15,60. Thus we have נאמנת Psalm 89:29; ברית עולם Genesis 9:16; Genesis 17:7,13,18,19; Exodus 31:16; Leviticus 24:8; Numbers 18:19; Numbers 25:13 (P) 2 Samuel 23:5 (poetry) 1 Chronicles 16:17 (= Psalm 105:10) Isaiah 24:5; Isaiah 55:3; Isaiah 61:8; Jeremiah 32:40; Jeremiah 50:5; Ezekiel 16:60; Ezekiel 37:26; ברית מלח Leviticus 2:13; 2Chronicles 13:5; 21:7 (a cov't. with sacrificial meal and salt; on cov't. with salt in Arabia compare We^{Skizzen iii. 124}); ברית שׁלום Numbers 25:12 (P) Isaiah 54:10; Ezekiel 34:25; Ezekiel 37:26; הברית והחסד Deuteronomy 7:9,12; 1 Kings 8:23 (= 2 Chronicles 6:14) Nehemiah 1:5; Nehemiah 9:32; Daniel 9:4; ברית קדשׁ Daniel 11:28,30; מסרת הברית Ezekiel 20:37.

3 covenant violation: עבר ברית Deuteronomy 17:2; Joshua 7:11,15; Joshua 23:16 (D) Judges 2:20; 2 Kings 18:12; Hosea 6:7; Hosea 8:1; הפר ברית Genesis 17:14; Leviticus 26:15,44 (H) Deuteronomy 31:16,20 (J) Judges 2:1; Isaiah 24:5 (twice in verse); Jeremiah 11:10; Jeremiah 14:21; Jeremiah 31:32; Jeremiah 33:20,21; Ezekiel 16:59; Ezekiel 17:18,19; Ezekiel 44:7; Zechariah 11:10; עזב ברית 1 Kings 19:10,14; Jeremiah 22:9; Daniel 11:30; מאס ברית 2 Kings 17:15; נאר ברית Psalm 89:39; חלל ברית Psalm 89:34; Malachi 2:10; שׁקר בברית Psalm 44:18; שׁכח ברית Deuteronomy 4:23,31; Jeremiah 50:5.

בְּרוֺשׁ, בְּרוֺת see below ברשׁ.

בָּרוּת see below I. ברה.

בֵּרוֺ֫תָה, בֵּרֹתי see below באר.

ברז (? compare Aramaic כרז bore, pierce, or Arabic , appear).