[דָּבַר]₁₁₄₂ verb speak (original meaning dubious; range in order Thes is conjectural and not comprehensive enough; treiben MV does not explain Arabic or Hebrew usage, but only Aramaic A meaning go away, sustained by Arabic go away with it, would best explain the four branches of usage: — (1) Arabic depart, perish, IV. retreat, figurative retrograde, decline; passing away, death; Assyrian dabâru, Pi`el drive away, Bez^{Orient. Diplom, Vocab.}, Dibbara, pest-god, Hpt. in KAT^{2. 500}, דֶּבֶר pestilence. (2) Arabic follow behind, in time, place, or station; part behind, back, דְּבִיר hindmost chamber of temple. (3) Syriac lead, guide, cattle, sheep, government, take a wife, = Aramaic דְּבַר; Syriac , Aramaic דַּבָּר leader; Syriac , Aramaic דַּבָּרָא guidance; Syriac , Aramaic דַּבְרָא, Hebrew דֹּבֶר; Syriac , Aramaic מַדְבְּרָא, Hebrew מִדְבָּר pasture, wilderness; Arabic , Syriac , Aramaic דַּבַּרְתָא, Hebrew דְּבוֺרָה swarm of bees, may be in this line, as led by their queen, so Thes. (4) Arabic consider the end or issue (of an affair), relate (a story or tradition); consider, plan against; Phoenician דבר speak; Hebrew דִּבֶּר etc. Synonym of אָמַר say, as Aramaic מַלֵּל with אֲמַר; Greek λαλεῖν, λέγειν; Lat loqui, dicere; German reden, sagen) —

Qal₄₁ only infinitive (once ?) & participle: Infinitive suffix בְּדָבְרֶ֑ךָ (by attraction to בְּשָׁפְטֶ֑ךָ for usual Piel) Psalm 51:6; Participle דֹּבֵר Exodus 6:29 30t.; plural דֹּבְרִים Numbers 36:5; Psalm 109:20; construct דֹּבְרֵי Psalm 5:7 3t.; feminine דֹּבְרוֺת Numbers 27:7; Psalm 31:19; passive דָּבֻר Proverbs 25:11; — speak, absolute Numbers 27:7; Numbers 32:27; Numbers 36:5 (P) Psalm 51:6 (?); דָּבָר דָּבֻר word spoken Proverbs 25:11; with accusative of thing דֹּבֵר דָּבָר speaking a word Job 2:13; אמת Psalm 15:2, תמים Amos 5:10, (מ)ישׁרים Proverbs 16:13; Isaiah 33:15, צדק Isaiah 45:19, שׁלום Esther 10:3; Psalm 28:3, שׁקר(יםׅ Psalm 63:12; Psalm 101:7; Jeremiah 40:16, כזב Psalm 5:7; Psalm 58:4, רע Psalm 109:20, נבלה Isaiah 9:16, הַוַּת נפשׁו Micah 7:3; with אֶל of person, unto Genesis 16:13 (J) Exodus 6:29 (P) Jeremiah 38:20; Jeremiah 40:16; Daniel 10:11; Jonah 3:2; בְּאָזְנֵי in the ears of Deuteronomy 5:1; Jeremiah 28:7; עַל concerning, about Psalm 31:19; Psalm 109:20; Jeremiah 32:42 (sometimes rendered against, but dubious); עִם with Psalm 28:3; הַמַּלְאָךְ הַדֹּבֵר בִּי the angel that spake with me (as a prophet, an instrument of communicating with Israel) Zechariah 1:9,13,14; Zechariah 2:2; Zechariah 2:7; Zechariah 4:1,4,5; Zechariah 5:5,10; Zechariah 6:4 (see preposition בְּ

III. 2 Ew^{§ 217 f.} (3)).

Niph`al₄ Perfect נִדְבְּרוּ Malachi 3:16, נִדְבָּ֑רוּ Psalm 119:23, נִדְבַּרְנוּ Malachi 3:13; Participle הַנִּדְבָּרִים Ezekiel 33:30; reciprocal sense, speak with one another, talk, absolute Malachi 3:16; with בְּ, against Psalm 119:23; Ezekiel 33:30; with עַל, concerning, about Malachi 3:13 (RV against, see Ew^{§ 217 i}.)

Pi`el₁₀₈₉ Perfect דִּבֶּר Genesis 12:4 +, דִּבֵּ֑ר Genesis 21:1 + (on דִּבֶּ֑ר Exodus 12:25; Deuteronomy 26:19 see Bö^{§ 1021 d} (1) Kö^{i, 188}); Imperfect יְדַבֵּר Genesis 44:7 +, יְדַבֶּרֿ Genesis 44:18 +; תְּדַבְּרוּן Genesis 32:20, תְּדַבֵּר֑וּן Psalm 58:2; Imperative דַּבֵּר Genesis 24:38 +, דַּבֶּרֿ Exodus 11:2 +; Infinitive דַּבֵּר Genesis 24:50 +, דַּבֶּרֿ Isaiah 59:13 +; Participle מְדַבֵּר Genesis 27:6 +; feminine מְדַבֶּרֶת 1 Samuel 1:13 +; — (הַדִּבֵּר Jeremiah 5:13, infinitive Ki⁴⁸, probably Ol^{§ 182 e} Kö^{§ 23 -5}, perhaps MV; but more probably a noun, as Ges^{§ 52} (2), Anm. 3 Ew^{§ 156 a}, dubious perfect as Sta^{§ 222}; בְּיוֺם דִּבֶּר Exodus 6:28; Numbers 3:1; Deuteronomy 4:15; תְּחִלַּת דִּבֶּרֿ Hosea 1:2, infinitive Ki⁴⁸ Bö^{§ 987} (7) Kö^{§ 23} (5); but more probably perfect, as Ges^{§ 52} (2). Anm. 3); — speak,

1 absolute Deuteronomy 18:17 #NAME?לֵאמֹר, less frequently וַיּאֹמֶר: 2 Kings 18:28 +, compare the phrases ) דברתי׳אני (י Ezekiel 5:13 18t. Ezekiel; דבר ׳כי י Isaiah 1:2; Isaiah 21:17; Isaiah 22:25; Isaiah 24:3; Isaiah 25:8; Jeremiah 13:15; Joel 4:8; Obadiah 18; דבר ׳כי פי י Isaiah 1:20; Isaiah 40:5; Isaiah 58:14; Micah 4:4; פי ידבר Psalm 49:4; (י)דבר פי Psalm 66:14; Psalm 145:21; השׁכם ודבר Jeremiah 7:13; Jeremiah 25:3; Jeremiah 35:14; עוד זה מדבר Job 1:16,17,18.

2 with accusative of thing, very frequently, ׳ד את הדברים האלה Exodus 20:1; Deuteronomy 5:19 +; לָמָּה תְּדַבֵּר עוֺד דְּבָרֶיךָ why speakest thou any more of thy affairs ? 2 Samuel 19:30; עַד אִםדִּֿבַּרְתִּי דְּבָרָ֑י until I have told my errand Genesis 24:33; seldom followed by דָּבָר indefinite; as דָּבָר ׳ד Isaiah 58:13 speak a (mere, empty) word; so probably also דְּבָרִים ׳ד Hosea 10:4; with other nouns, e.g. דבר קשׁות spake rough words Genesis 42:7,30 (E); גבהה ׳ד proud words 1 Samuel 2:3; טבות friendly words Jeremiah 12:6; טוב 1 Samuel 19:4; 1 Kings 22:13; Esther 7:9; שׁקר Isaiah 59:3 +, כזב Daniel 11:27, אמת Jeremiah 9:4 +, שׁוא Psalm 12:3 +; דבר שׁיר utter, sing a song Judges 5:12 משׁל 1 Kings 5:12; יְהוּדִית the Jewish language Nehemiah 13:24; סרה rebellion Deuteronomy 13:6; Jeremiah 28:16; Jeremiah 29:32.

3 with persons:

a. rarely accusative יָָֽכְלוּ דַבְּרוֺ לְשָׁלֹם they could [not] speak unto him peaceably Genesis 37:4 (J; but Ew^{§ 282 a} about him); וַיְדַבֵּר ֗֗֗ אֹתָם Numbers 26:3 (P, but text corrupt see Di; not satisfactory explanation yet given, possibly read אִתָּם see d).

b. most frequently with אֶל throughout the literature: Genesis 8:15 +; compare phrases אֶל משֶׁה לֵאמֹר ׳וַיְדַבֵּר י Exodus 6:10 87t. P; but אל משׁה לך ׳וידבּר י Exodus 32:7; Exodus 33:1 (JE); דבּר אל אהרן Leviticus 6:18 8t. (P); ישׂראל דבר אל בני Exodus 6:9 38t. (P); elsewhere, Exodus 19:6 (E) Deuteronomy 1:3; Deuteronomy 4:45 (D); אל (כל) העדה ׳ד Exodus 12:3; Leviticus 19:2; Numbers 16:24,26 (P); אל לב ׳ד speak unto one's heart Genesis 24:45, i.e. to oneself, compare also על לִבָּהּ ׳ד 1 Samuel 1:13, see

5 below; אל is used inexactly for על 1 Samuel 3:12; 1 Kings 16:12; Isaiah 16:13; Jeremiah 27:13; Jeremiah 30:4; Jeremiah 33:14; Jeremiah 36:7,31; Jeremiah 40:2; Jeremiah 50:1; Jeremiah 51:12,62 where it is rendered concerning or against.

c. with לְ speak to 1 Kings 2:19; Ezekiel 32:21; Daniel 2:4; ליהוה speak, sing to Yahweh words of a song Joshua 10:12 (D) 2 Samuel 22:1 (= Psalm 18:1 title); in D, דבר ל promise to, in phrases ) ל׳כאשׁר דבר(י Deuteronomy 1:11,21; Deuteronomy 6:3; Deuteronomy 9:3; Deuteronomy 10:9; Deuteronomy 11:25; Deuteronomy 12:20; Deuteronomy 15:6; Deuteronomy 18:2; Deuteronomy 26:18; Deuteronomy 27:3; Deuteronomy 29:12; Joshua 13:14,33; Joshua 22:4; Joshua 23:5,10 (all D); אשׁר דבר ל Deuteronomy 9:28; 1 Kings 8:24,25,26 (= 2 Chronicles 6:15,16,17). — דבר ל Genesis 24:7; Genesis 28:15; Genesis 49:28; Exodus 32:34 (J) Joshua 9:21 (P) Judges 14:7; 2 Samuel 23:3; Isaiah 30:10; Zechariah 9:10 usually rendered speak to, but often rather promise to. הֲיֵשׁ לְדַבֶּרלָֿךְ אֶלהַֿמֶּלֶךְ is it possible to speak for thee unto the king ? 2 Kings 4:13 (by attraction to לַעֲשׂוֺת לָךְ).

d. with אֵת speak with Genesis 17:3,22,23; Genesis 21:2; Genesis 23:8; Genesis 34:6,8; Genesis 35:13,15; Exodus 25:22; Exodus 31:18; Exodus 34:29,33,34,35; Numbers 3:1; Numbers 7:89; Joshua 22:15,21 (all P) Genesis 35:14; Genesis 41:9; Genesis 42:7; Genesis 45:15; Joshua 17:14 (all E) Deuteronomy 5:21; sources of Samuel Kings Chronicles, 2 Samuel 3:27; 2 Samuel 7:7 = 1 Chronicles 17:6; 1 Kings 8:15 2Chronicles 6:4; 1 Kings 22:24 2Chronicles 18:23; 10:10 ( = אל 1 Kings 12:10) Jeremiah 5:5; Jeremiah 7:22; Jeremiah 9:7; Jeremiah 35:2; Jeremiah 38:25; Ezekiel 2:1; Ezekiel 3:22,24,27; Ezekiel 14:4; Ezekiel 20:3; Ezekiel 44:5; Daniel 1:19; Zechariah 8:16; compare phrases דבר חד את אחד speak one with another Ezekiel 33:30; דבר משׁפטים את speak judgments with, usually = give judgment against, (not Jeremiah 12:1), Jeremiah 1:16; Jeremiah 4:12; Jeremiah 12:1; Jeremiah 39:5; Jeremiah 52:9 (= 2 Kings 25:6); דבר טבות את speak kindly with 2 Kings 25:28 = Jeremiah 52:32.

e. with עִם speak with, (not P), Genesis 29:9; Genesis 31:24,29; Exodus 19:9; Exodus 20:19 (twice in verse); Exodus 20:22; Exodus 33:9; Numbers 11:17; Numbers 22:19; Joshua 24:27 (all J E) Deuteronomy 5:4; Deuteronomy 9:10; Judges 6:17; 1 Samuel 9:25 (ᵐ5 Th We Dr וַיִּרְבְּדוּ לְ spread a couch for) 1 Samuel 17:23; 2 Samuel 13:22; 1 Kings 1:14,22; 2 Kings 6:33; 2 Kings 18:26; 2Chronicles 9:1 (= אֶל 1 Kings 10:2) Nehemiah 9:18; Esther 6:14; Jeremiah 32:4; Daniel 8:18; Daniel 9:22; Daniel 10:11,15,17,19; Hosea 12:5; דִּבַּרְתִּי אֲנִי עִם לִבִּי I spake, communed with my heart Ecclesiastes 1:16. feminine לִפְנֵי before, in the presence of Exodus 6:12; Numbers 36:1 (P) Judges 11:11; 1 Kings 3:22; Esther 8:3.

4 with בְּ

a. instrumental, דבר בְּ speak with, by, or by means of a person (see above

Qal near the end) Numbers 12:2 (twice in verse); Numbers 12:6,8 (E) 2 Samuel 23:2 (compare Dr), 1 Kings 22:28 2Chronicles 18:27; Habakkuk 2:1; בְּשֵׁם דִּבֶּר speak in the name of Exodus 5:23 (J) Deuteronomy 18:19,20 (twice in verse); Deuteronomy 18:22; 1 Chronicles 21:19; Jeremiah 20:9; Jeremiah 26:16; Jeremiah 29:23; Jeremiah 44:16; Daniel 9:6; Zechariah 13:3; ביד by the hand of Numbers 17:5; Numbers 27:23; Joshua 20:2 (P) 1 Samuel 28:17; 1 Kings 8:53 13t. Kings, 2 Chronicles 10:15 (= 1 Kings 12:15) Isaiah 20:2; Jeremiah 37:2; Jeremiah 50:1; Ezekiel 38:17.

b. local (figurative), בְּאָזְנֵי in the ears of Genesis 20:8 (E) Exodus 11:2; Deuteronomy 32:44 (J) Genesis 23:16; Numbers 14:28; Joshua 20:4 (P) Deuteronomy 31:28,30; Judges 9:2,3; 1 Samuel 8:21; 1 Samuel 11:4; 1 Samuel 25:24; 2 Samuel 3:19 (twice in verse); Jeremiah 26:15; Proverbs 23:9; בלב דבר speak in the heart Ecclesiastes 2:15.

c. of the object, speak of, about (preposition בְּ IV. e Ew^{§ 217 f}, (2)) Deuteronomy 6:7; Deuteronomy 11:19; 1 Samuel 19:3,4; Psalm 119:46; Psalm 122:8; propose for (a wife) 1 Samuel 25:39 (compare Songs 8:8).

d. of hostility, against (Ew^{§ 217 f}, (1)) Numbers 12:1,8; Numbers 21:5,7 (E) Job 19:18; Psalm 50:20; Psalm 78:19.

e. of price, בְּנַפְשׁוֺ at the cost of his life 1 Kings 2:23 (see בְּ III. 3).

5 with עַל, of the object concerning or about which one speaks Genesis 18:19; Numbers 10:29 (J) Joshua 23:14 (D) Judges 9:3; 1 Samuel 25:30; 1 Kings 2:4,27; 1 Kings 5:13 (twice in verse); 1 Kings 14:2; 1 Kings 22:23 (= 2 Chronicles 18:22), 2 Kings 10:10; 2 Kings 19:21 = Isaiah 37:22; 1 Chronicles 22:11; 2Chronicles 23:3; Jeremiah 1:16; Jeremiah 18:7,8,9; Jeremiah 42:19. It may have this sense in most if not all of the following, where RV renders 1 Kings 2:18,19; Esther 7:9; Jeremiah 18:20 for; 2 Chronicles 32:16; Nehemiah 6:12; Jeremiah 11:17; Jeremiah 16:10; Jeremiah 25:13; Jeremiah 26:13,19; Jeremiah 35:17; Ezekiel 36:5; Daniel 9:12; Daniel 11:36; Hosea 7:13; Amos 3:1 against; and 1 Kings 9:5; 2 Kings 22:19; Jeremiah 10:1; Jeremiah 19:15 unto (על is used for אל unto2Chronicles 32:19; Jeremiah 6:10; Jeremiah 25:2; Jeremiah 26:2; Hosea 12:11); compare the phrase דבר על לב speak upon the heart, speak kindly, comfort Genesis 34:3; Genesis 50:21 (E) Judges 19:3; Ruth 2:13; 1 Samuel 1:13 (seemingly from context על for אל, to her heart, to herself, see Dr), 2 Samuel 19:8; 2Chronicles 30:22; 32:6; Isaiah 40:2; Hosea 2:16.

6 with infin. דבר לעשׂות promise to do Exodus 32:14 (J) Deuteronomy 1:14; Ezekiel 6:10; Jonah 3:10; דבר לתת promise to give Deuteronomy 19:8; דבר למחות threaten to blot out 2 Kings 14:27; compare דבר להזהיר i.e. so as to warn Ezekiel 3:18; Ezekiel 33:8.

Note. — וַתָּקָם וַתְּדַבֵּר אֶתכָּֿלזֶֿרַע הַמַּמְלָכָה2Chronicles 22:10 ᵐ5 ἀπώλεσε, ᵑ9 interfecit, scribal error for וַתְּאַבֵּד 2 Kings 11:1. Other explanations: plot against, waylay (Arabic ) Thes MV; pronounce sentence, elliptical וַתְּדַבֵּר מִשְׁמָּטִים Ges^Hdw Rob; but compare VB. —

Pu`al Imperfect בַּיּוֺם שֶׁיְּדֻבַּרבָּֿהּ in the day when she may be spoken for Songs 8:8 (see Pi`el 4 c); Participle נִכְבָּדוֺת מְדֻבָּר בָּךְ glorious things are being spoken in thee (RV Pe MV of thee) Psalm 87:3.

Hithpa`el Participle מִדַּבֵּר = מִתְדַּבֵּר with accusative מִדַּבֵּר הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה speaking this word 2 Samuel 14:13; ׳שָׁמַע (אֵת הַקּוֺל) מִדַּבֵּר אֶל heard (the voice, or) one speaking unto Numbers 7:89 (P) Ezekiel 2:2; Ezekiel 43:6 (Di Numbers 7:89 would read מְדַבֵּר after ᵐ5; the meaning not appreciably different from Piel; the Hithpa`el difficult to reconcile with אֶל).

Hiph`il Imperfect וַיַּדְבֵּר עַמִּים תַּחְתָּי Psalm 18:48 (2 Samuel 22:48 has וּמֹרִיד for rare וַיַּדְבֵּר), יַדְבֵּר עַמִּים תַּחְתֵּינוּ Psalm 47:4; either (compare Aramaic דַּבַּר) leads subject (so Ges coegit, De Now), or (compare Arabic turn the back, retreat) puts to flight, figurative for subdues (so Hi).