זָהָב₃₈₅ noun masculine^{Genesis 2:12} gold (Late Hebrew id.; Arabic Sabean דֿהב e.g. Os²⁹ DHM^{ZMG 1883, 338}; Aramaic דְּהַב, , Palmyrene דהבא Vog^{No. 23}) — ׳ז absolute Genesis 2:11 364t.; construct Genesis 2:12 6t.; suffix זְהָבִי 1 Kings 20:7 2t.; זְהָֽבְךָ 1 Kings 20:3,5; זְהָבֶ֑ךָ Isaiah 30:22; זְהָבוֺ Isaiah 2:20; Isaiah 31:7; זְהָבָם Hosea 8:4 4t.; — gold,

1 = gold-ore, gold in a raw state, Genesis 2:11,12; Jeremiah 10:9; Proverbs 17:3; Proverbs 27:21; Job 28:1 +; perhaps also 1 Kings 9:28; 1 Kings 10:11; 1 Kings 22:49 etc.; compare ׳עַפְרֹת ז Job 28:6 gold-dust; see also Zechariah 13:9 (simile of tried people ׳י) and compare Malachi 3:3; likewise Job 23:10 (simile of Job's purity, as shewn by divine tests); מִצָּפוֺן זָהָב Job 37:22 is dubious **read perhaps זֹהַר Du and Dr; Ew De and others out of the North comes gold; others, however, golden light, brightness, of sun after clouds dispersed by north wind, ᵐ5 Rabb Da and others; or golden splendour of God coming from north Bö^{Ä 76} Hi and others; Siegf conjecture יהוה for זהב

2 gold as wealth Genesis 13:2 (J; + מִקְנֶה, כֶּסֶף) Genesis 24:34 (J; + צאֹן, בָּקָר, כֶּסֶף, עֲבָדִם, שְׁפָחֹת, גְּמַלִּים, חֲמֹרִים) compare Hosea 2:8; Isaiah 2:7; Deuteronomy 8:13; Deuteronomy 17:17; Job 3:15; Job 31:24; Zechariah 14:14; Ezra 1:4,6 +; in General, as precious: נִבְחָר שֵׁם מֵעשֶׁר רָ֑ב מִכֶּסֶף וּמִזָּהָב חֵן טוֺב Proverbs 22:1 to be chosen is a name more than great riches, and good favour more than silver and than gold; Job 28:17 (of wisdom) gold and glass do not equal it; Psalm 19:10 (ordinances of ׳י) which are more to be desired than gold; compare Psalm 119:72; Psalm 119:127; also metaphor of princes and chief men of Zion Lamentations 4:1 (compare Lamentations 4:2).

3 gold as spoil of war Joshua 6:19 (+ כֶּסֶף, כְּלֵינְֿחשֶׁת, בַּרְזֶל) so Joshua 6:24, compare Joshua 7:21,24; Joshua 22:8; 2 Kings 7:8 +.

4 gold as merchandise Ezekiel 27:22 (+ אֶבֶן יְקָרָה, ראֹשׁ כָּלבּֿשֶֹׁם), compare also gold from Ophir 1 Kings 9:28 etc. (see below 7 below)

5 gold as costly gift: to a prophet ׳מְלֹא בֵּיתוֺ כֶּסֶף וְז (hypothet.), Numbers 22:18; Numbers 24:13 (both E); brought by queen of Sheba to Solomon 1 Kings 10:2,10 (both + אֶבֶן יְקָרָה and בְּשָׂמִים) = 2 Chronicles 9:1,9; as tribute 2 Kings 23:35 (twice in verse) (compare 2 Kings 23:33; all + כֶּסֶף); as satisfaction for murder 2 Samuel 21:4 (+ כֶּסֶף).

6 gold as material: of (nose- or ear-) ring, נֶזֶם Genesis 24:22; Exodus 32:2,3; Judges 8:24,25; Proverbs 11:22; Proverbs 25:12; Job 42:11; of chain Genesis 41:42, shields 2 Samuel 8:7, images of emerods 1 Samuel 6:4,17 and mice 1 Samuel 6:4; 1 Samuel 6:11; 1 Samuel 6:18; בְּמַשְׂכִּיּוֺת כֶּסֶף ׳תַּמּוּחֵי ז Proverbs 25:11; ׳גֻּלַּת ז Exodus 12:6; ׳כְּלֵיזֿ Exodus 3:22; Exodus 11:2; Exodus 12:35; 1 Samuel 6:8; Psalm 105:37 etc.; כְּלֵיכֶֿסֶף וּכְלֵי זָהָב Genesis 24:53 as presents to a bride (+ בְּגָדִים); so of presents to secure king's favour 2 Samuel 8:10 (+ כְּלֵי נְחשֶׁת), and in list of yearly gifts or tribute to Solomon 1 Kings 10:25 2Chronicles 9:24; as material of idols אֱלֹהֵי ׳כֶסֶף וֵאלֹהֵי ז Exodus 20:23; compare Exodus 32:31; Hosea 8:4; Isaiah 2:20; Isaiah 30:22; Isaiah 31:7; Deuteronomy 29:16; Psalm 115:4; Psalm 135:15; as plating of idols Deuteronomy 7:25; especially as material of the furnishings of Solomon's temple, or (oftener) the platings of temple, or parts thereof, or of its furnishings 1 Kings 6:20,21 (3 t. in verse); 1 Kings 6:22 (twice in verse); 1 Kings 6:28; 1 Kings 7:48 10t. 1 Kings 6:7; also 2Chronicles 3:5 (twice in verse); 2Chronicles 3:6 14t. 2 Chronicles 3:4; cf 1 Chronicles 28:14 (twice in verse) + 14 t. 1 Chronicles 28:29 (David's preparation for temple); see also 2 Kings 24:13; compare 2 Kings 14:14 2Chronicles 25:24; 2 Kings 25:15 = Jeremiah 52:19 (in accounts of plundering temple etc.); but more often still of furnishing and utensils of tabernacle, insignia of high-priest etc., Exodus 25:3,11,24 97t. Exodus 25-40, Leviticus 8:9; Numbers 4:11; Numbers 8:4; (in case of large objects frequently of plating or sheathing, compare 12c below) Note the expressions ליהוה ׳תְּנוּפַת ז Exodus 35:22 a wave-offering of gold, זְהַב הַתְּנוּפָה Exodus 38:24; also זְהַב הַתְּרוּמָה Numbers 31:52 (all P) compare Ezra 8:25, and (of offering to heathen god) יְכַבֵּד בְּזָהָב Daniel 11:38.

7 gold described by its source, especially gold from Ophir (compare Glass: Skizze ii. 357 ff. 368) 1 Kings 9:28; 1 Kings 10:11; 1 Kings 22:49; 1 Chronicles 29:4; 2Chronicles 8:18; 9:10; so perh Jeremiah 10:9 (read אוֺפִיר for אוּפַז Ew Klo and others); זְהַב שְׁבָא Psalm 72:15; on מַּרְוָ֑יִם ׳ז2Chronicles 3:6 see פרוים; compare further Genesis 2:11,12.

8 gold defined by var. adjective and pts.: שָׁחוּט ׳ז beaten gold (see שָׁחַט) 1 Kings 10:16,17 2Chronicles 9:15 (twice in verse); 2Chronicles 9:16; סָגוּר ׳ז 1 Kings 6:20,21; also 1 Kings 7:49,50; 1 Kings 10:21 2Chronicles 4:20,22; 9:21 (on meaning see סָגַר); especially (but only P & Chronicles) טָהוֺר ׳ז pure gold Exodus 25:11,17,24 21t. Exodus 25.. 28. 30. 37. 39 (of equipments of tabernacle and high priest's insignia), 1 Chronicles 28:17; 2Chronicles 3:4; 9:17; compare טוֺב ׳ז2Chronicles 3:5,8; on מוּפָז ׳ז 1 Kings 10:18, AV best gold, compare אוּפָז, מָּזַז.

9 ׳ז as measure of weight and value:

a. = gold-shekel, מִשְׁקָלָם ׳עֲשָׂרָה ז Genesis 24:22; ׳כַּף אַחַת עֲשָׂרָה ז Numbers 7:14 11t. Numbers 7; אֶלֶף ׳וּשְׁבַעמֵֿאוֺת ז Judges 8:26, compare 1 Kings 10:16; 2 Kings 5:5; 2Chronicles 9:15,16; וָכָ֑סֶף ׳אַלְפֵי ז Psalm 119:72; compare further Joshua 7:21; but also (only Chronicles) שֶׁקֶל expressed: מִשְׁקַל ׳שִׁקְלֵי ז שֵׁשׁ מֵאוֺת 1 Chronicles 21:25 (50 shekels of silver in "" 2 Samuel 24:24); ׳וּמִשְׁקָל לְמִסְמְרוֺת לִשְׁקָלִים חֲמִשִּׁים ז2Chronicles 3:9.

b. ׳שְׁלשֶׁת מָנִים ז 1 Kings 10:17 three minas of gold (see מָנֶה).

c. ׳כִּכַּר ז talent of gold 2 Samuel 12:30; 1 Kings 9:14 + (see כִּכָּר).

d. זָהָב דַּרְכְּמוֺנִים שֵׁשׁרִֿבּאֹוֺת וָאֶלֶף Ezra 2:69 compare Nehemiah 7:69,70,71; also עֶשְׂרִים לַאֲדַרְכֹּנִים אָ֑לָף ׳וּכְפֹרֵי ז Ezra 8:27 (see דַּרְכְּמוֺן); — with the above should perhaps be compared מִכִּיס ׳הַזָּלִים ז Isaiah 46:6 i.e. the gold used in making the god was the coin carried in the bag.

10 ׳ז = golden oil, from colour, Zechariah 4:12.

11 ׳ז often named with כֶּסֶף, and then, in earlier and sometimes in later writings, follows it: בַּכֶּסֶף וּבַזָּהָב Genesis 13:2 (J), compare Genesis 24:35,53; Genesis 44:8 (all J) Exodus 3:22; Exodus 11:2; Exodus 12:35; Numbers 22:18; Numbers 24:13 (all E), Joshua 6:19,24 (JE), Deuteronomy 7:25; Deuteronomy 17:17; Deuteronomy 29:16; 2 Samuel 8:11; 2 Samuel 21:4; 1 Kings 7:51; 1 Kings 15:15,18,19; 2 Kings 7:8; 2 Kings 16:8; 2 Kings 18:14; 2 Kings 20:13; 2 Kings 23:33,35 (twice in verse); Hosea 2:10; Hosea 8:4; Isaiah 2:7; Isaiah 60:9; Jeremiah 10:4; Zephaniah 1:18; Ezekiel 7:19; Ezekiel 38:13; Zechariah 6:11; Joel 4:5, Proverbs 22:1; Psalm 105:37; Psalm 115:4; Psalm 135:15; 2Chronicles 1:15; 5:1; Ezra 1:4; Ezra 8:25; Daniel 11:8; Ecclesiastes 2:8 +; in later writings ׳ז often precedes Ezekiel 28:4; Zechariah 14:14; Malachi 3:3; 1 Chronicles 18:10; 1 Chronicles 22:14,16; 1 Chronicles 28:15,16; 1 Chronicles 29:3,4,5,7; 2Chronicles 9:14,21; 24:14; 25:24; Ezra 1:11; Psalm 119:72; Songs 1:11; Daniel 11:38 +, and so in P, Exodus 25:3; Exodus 31:4; Exodus 35:5,32; Numbers 31:32; yet also as early as Habakkuk 2:19; 1 Kings 10:22; 2 Kings 25:15.

12 the chief verbs used with ׳ז are:

a. עָשָׂה make of (c. 2 accusative) 1 Kings 7:48 (compare 1 Kings 7:49; 1 Kings 7:49; 1 Kings 7:50; 1 Kings 7:50) 1 Kings 10:16; 1 Kings 12:28; 1 Kings 14:26; 2Chronicles 4:7,8,19; 12:9; 13:8, and especially in P (tabernacle) Exodus 25:11,17,18 35t. Exodus 25-39; also followed by בְּ work in gold, וּבַכֶּסֶף וּבַנְּחשֶׁת ׳לַעֲשׂוֺת בַּזּ Exodus 31:4; Exodus 35:32, also (+ בַּבַּרְזֶל, etc.), 2 Chron 2:6; 2 Chronicles 2:13;

b. יָצַק (object ׳טַבְּעֹת ז) Exodus 25:12; Exodus 37:3,13 (all P);

c. צִמָּה overlay with (c. 2 accusative) 1 Kings 6:20,21 (twice in verse); 1 Kings 6:22,28,30,32,35 (1 Ki 6:32; 1 Kings 6:35 one accusative omitted), 1 Kings 10:18; 2Chronicles 3:4,10; 9:17, and especially P (tabernacle) Exodus 25:11,13,24,28 15t. Exodus 26-37; in same sense

d. ׳וַיְחַמֵּהוּ ז2Chronicles 3:5 compare 2 Chronicles 3:7; 2 Chronicles 3:8; 2 Chronicles 3:9, and

e. וָכֶסֶף ׳תָּפוּשׂ ז Habakkuk 2:19 encased in gold and silver; also

f. יְרַקְּעֶנּוּ ׳בַּזּ Isaiah 40:19;

g. רדד Hiph`il, ׳וַיָּ֫רֶב עַלהַֿכְּרוּבִים וְעַלהַֿתִּמֹּרוֺת אֶתהַֿזּ 1 Kings 6:32 and he spread upon the cherubim and upon the palm-trees the gold; further

h. בָּחַן try, Zechariah 13:9; compare

i. זִקַּק Malachi 3:3. — On דִּי זָהָב, proper name; on מֵי זָהָב proper name see below מַיִם.