I. חוּל [חִיל] verb whirl, dance, writhe (Late Hebrew, Aramaic id., dance; Arabic change, turn; Assyrian —îlu, writhe in fear Dl^{Pr 191} (on — = see DHM^{ZK i. 357}); on form of Hebrew

verb see Nö^{ZMG. 1883, 536}) —

Qal Perfect3feminine singular חָ֫לָה Micah 1:12 2t.; וְחָלָה֫ consecutive Hosea 11:6; חַלְתִּי Isaiah 23:4; חָ֫לוּ Jeremiah 5:3 (but see below), Lamentations 4:6; וְחָלוּ֫ Deuteronomy 2:25; חַ֫לְנוּ Isaiah 26:18; Imperfect יָחוּל Jeremiah 23:19; Jeremiah 30:23; 3feminine singular תָּחוּל Ezekiel 30:16 Qr (Kt Co תחיל); וַתָּחֹ֑ל Jeremiah 51:29; אחולה Jeremiah 4:19 Kt (Qr אוֺחִילָה, Hiph`il יחל); יָחֻ֫לוּ 2 Samuel 3:29; but also יָחִיל Psalm 55:5 (Job 20:21 see II. חול); וַיָּ֫חֶל 1 Samuel 31:3 = 1 Chronicles 10:3 + Genesis 8:10 (where read probably וַיִּיָּ֫חֶל as Genesis 8:12; = וַיְיַחֵל Ol Di); 3 feminine singular תָּחִיל Isaiah 26:17 2t. + Ezekiel 30:16 Kt (compare above); וַתָּ֑חֶל Psalm 97:4; 2feminine singular תְּחִלִין Isaiah 45:10; וָחִילוּ Psalm 77:17+ 3t. (Psalm 10:5 see II. חול); וַיָּחִ֫ילוּ Judges 3:25; יְחִילוּן Isaiah 13:8; תָּחִ֫ילוּ Jeremiah 5:22; Imperative feminine singular חוּ֫לִי Micah 4:10; Psalm 114:7; masculine plural חִילוּ Psalm 96:9; 1 Chronicles 16:30; Infinitive construct (לָ)חוּל Judges 21:21; Ezekiel 30:16 ( = Infinitive absolute); Participle feminine singular חוֺלָה Jeremiah 4:31 see Gf Gie and Ges^{§ 72} R. 1; —

1 dance Judges 21:21 (לָחוּל בַּמְּחֹלוֺת).

2 twist, writhe:

a. in pain, especially childbirth Isaiah 26:17; Isaiah 45:10 ׳מַהתֿח ("" מהתֿוליד; metaphor, of sea Isaiah 23:4 ("" ילד); Israel Isaiah 26:18 ("" חרה), Isaiah 54:1 ("" ילד); Zion Isaiah 66:7,8 ("" id.), Micah 4:10 ("" גֹּ֫חִי, simile כיולדה; compare see 9), Jeremiah 4:31.

b. figurative, be in severe pain, or anguish (mostly in poetry and elevated prose), followed by מפני Deuteronomy 2:25 ("" רגז, compare also מַּחַד and יִרְאָה v^a); Ezekiel 30:16; Psalm 96:9; Jeremiah 5:22 ("" ירא); followed by מִלִּפְנֵי 1 Chronicles 16:30; Psalm 114:7; absolute Psalm 55:5 ("" אימות מָוֶת נפלו עלי), Jeremiah 4:19 Kt, Psalm 77:17 ("" רגז) Psalm 97:4; Isaiah 13:8; Isaiah 23:5; Jeremiah 51:29 ("" רָעַשׁ), Joel 2:6; Zechariah 9:5 ("" ירא), probably also 1 Samuel 31:3 (compare 1 Samuel 28:5) = 1 Chronicles 10:3, compare Öttli; figurative of mountains Habakkuk 3:10.

c. in contrition Jeremiah 5:3, חָ֫לוּ derived from חול Ew Gf Gie; < ᵑ6 Ra Hi Ke and others from חלה (wrongly accented; see חלה Qal 2).

d. in anxious longing עַד בּוֺשׁ Judges 3:25, followed by לְ Micah 1:12 (on Genesis 8:10, compare above)

3 whirl, whirl about עַלרֿאֹשׁ יוֺאָב (i.e. blood — דמים — of Abner, from sword) 2 Samuel 3:29; of attack of sword itself Hosea 11:6 ("" כִּלָּה, אכל), compare Lamentations 4:6 לא חָ֫לוּ בה ידים; of tempest על ראשׁ רשׁעים יחול Jeremiah 23:19 (v:a סער מִתְחוֺלֵל) = Jeremiah 30:23 (v:a סַעַר מִתְגּוֺרֵר).

Po`lel. Imperfect יְחוֺלֵל Psalm 29:9; 3feminine singular תְּחוֺלֵל Proverbs 25:23; suffix תְּחוֺלֶלְכֶם Isaiah 51:2; 2masculine singular תְּחוֺלֵל Job 35:14; וַתְּחוֺלֵל Psalm 90:2; Infinitive construct חֹלֵל Job 39:1; Participle מְחוֺלֵל Proverbs 26:10; מְחֹלֶלְךָ Deuteronomy 32:18; מְחֹלְלֶוֺת Judges 21:23; — 1 Samuel 18:6; Psalm 87:7 see below; on חֹלְלָה Job 26:13 see חלל; —

1 dance Judges 21:23, so perhaps also 1 Samuel 18:6 (read הַמְּחֹלְלוֺת ᵐ5 We Dr; and חֹלֲלִים participle (מ omitted) Psalm 87:7 RV Pe De Che Bae; compare Qal 1).

2 writhe in travail with, bear, bring forth (poetry), of Sarah, mother of Israel, Isaiah 51:2 ("" אַבְרָהָם אֲבִיכֶם); of hinds Job 39:1; Psalm 29:9 (causative ); figurative of ׳יs producing earth Psalm 90:2 ("" יֻלָּד֑וּ); of his bringing forth Israel (with difficulty, see Di) Deuteronomy 32:18 of north wind bringing forth rain Proverbs 25:23; רַב מְחוֺלֵל כִּ֑ל Proverbs 26:10 a master produceth everything (on transitive see VB; Ew and others derive from חלל wound).

3 wait anxiously (compare Qal 2 d), followed by לְ Job 35:14 (Elihu).

Po`lal. Perfect חוֺלָ֑לתִּי Psalm 51:7 2t.; חוֺלָ֑לְתָּ Job 15:7; Imperfect יְחוֺלָ֑לוּ Job 26:5; —

1 be made to writhe Job 26:5 (הָֽרְפָאִים).

2 be brought forth Job 15:7 ("" תִּוָּלֵד), Psalm 51:7 ("" יחם), metaphor of wisdom Proverbs 8:24,25.

Hiph`il Imperfect יָחִיל Psalm 29:8 (twice in verse) cause to be an anguish, with accusative מִדְבָּר, subject ׳י.

Hoph`al Imperfect יוּחַל Isaiah 66:8 be born (= travailed with, Che), subject אֶרֶץ ("" יִוָּלֵד גוי).

Hithpo`el 1. Participle מִתְחוֺלֵל whirling ׳סַעַר מתח Jeremiah 23:19 ( = סער מִתְגּוֺרֵר Jeremiah 30:23).

2 writhing, suffering torture Job 15:20 (of life of wicked).

3 Imperative הִתְחוֺלֵל Psalm 37:7 wait longingly followed by לְ for, "" דּוֺם.

Hithpalpel Imperfect3feminine singular וַתִּתְחַלְחַל Esther 4:4 and she writhed in anxiety.

II. [חול, חִיל] verb be firm, strong (Aramaic Pa`el strengthen, חֵילָא, strength; Palmyrene רב חילא רבא general-in-chief Vog^{No. 28} and others; Sabean חֿיל SabDenkm⁹¹ (on חֿל in Sabean: proper name see Hal^{JAS Juin, 1872, 533}); Ethiopic be strong, strength, army, strong; Assyrian —â(i)ltu, army Flood Tabl.^{iii. 22} (—aiialtu Jäger^{BAS i. 461}); possibly compare Arabic horses (as strong ones? compare Psalm 33:17)) — only

Qal Imperfect in לֹא יָחִיל טוּבוֺ Job 20:21 his prosperity is not firm (does not endure); יָחִילוּ דְרָכָוּ֯ בְּכָלעֵֿת Psalm 10:5 his ways are always firm (stable, prosperous), so Ol De Pe Che and others