Qal Perfect ׳כ Nehemiah 4:4 +, (Hosea 5:5b read יִכָּשֵׁל, compare We), כָּֽשְׁלָה Isaiah 3:8; Isaiah 59:14; כָּֽשְׁלוּ Jeremiah 46:6 +, כָּשַׁלְנוּ Isaiah 59:10, etc.; Imperfect3masculine plural יכשׁ֑ולו Proverbs 4:16 Kt (but read Hiph`il, q. v., so Qr); יכשׁלו Nahum 3:3 Kt (but read Perfect וְכָֽשְׁלוּ so Qr); Infinitive absolute כָּשׁוֺל Isaiah 40:30 (c. Niph`al Imperfect); Participle active כּוֺשֵׁל Isaiah 5:27 2t., כּשֵׁל2Chronicles 28:15; Paslm 2 Chron 105:37; feminine plural כּשְׁלוֺת Isaiah 35:3; —

1 stumble at, over, something, with ב (literally by means of), Nahum 3:3, ׳גִּבּוֺר בְּגִבּוֺר כ Jeremiah 46:13 (+ נָפַל), compare Leviticus 26:37; ׳וּנְעָרִיס בָּעֵץ כ Lamentations 5:13 i.e. stagger (of toil in captivity); absolute Isaiah 5:27 ׅ "" (עָיֵף, כָּֽשְׁלוּ וְנָפָ֑לוּ Jeremiah 46:6, compare ׳הִרְבָּה כּוֺשֵׁ֑ל גַּםנָֿפַל אישׁ וגו Jeremiah 46:16 (strange; Gie following in part ᵐ5 ᵑ6, עֶרְבְּךָ כָּשַׁל וְנָפַל thy mixed people — compare Jeremiah 25:20, etc. — hath stumbled and hath fallen); often figurative of overthrow, throughdivine judgment, with בְּ at, (see above) Jeremiah 6:21, so Isaiah 8:15 (+ נָפַל etc.) according to Ges Hi Bhul Che Di; < בָּם = among them, — Israel and Judah, — as ב in Isaiah 8:16, so Ew De Du EV; Hosea 4:5 (twice in verse); Hosea 5:5; Hosea 14:2 (בַּעֲוֺנֶָֽךָ, בְּ probably instrumental); absolute of Babylon, under figure of זָדוֺן, ונפל ׳כ Jeremiah 50:32; ונפל ׳כ Paslm Jeremiah 27:2; Isaiah 3:8; Isaiah 31:3 (both "" נפל); of אֱמֶת Isaiah 59:14; in metaphor of anxiety, distress Isaiah 59:10, Paslm Isa 107:12.

2 totter, of knees, literal מִצּוֺם ׳בִּרְכַּי כ Paslm Isa 109:24 my knees totter from fasting; figurative Isaiah 35:3 ("" יָדַיִם רָפוֺת) כּוֺשֵׁל tottering one, literal Job 4:4; 2Chronicles 28:15; Paslm 2 Chron 105:37; hence figurative, fail, of strength (כֹּחַ) Nehemiah 4:4; Paslm Neh 31:11; — Infinitive absolute כָּשׁוֺל, see below Niph`al

Niph`al Perfect consecutive וְנִכְשַׁל Daniel 11:9, וְנִכְשְׁלוּ Daniel 11:33, וְנִכְשָׁ֑לוּ Daniel 11:14; Imperfect יִכָּשֵׁל Ezekiel 33:12 + Hosea 5:5b (ᵐ5. as v^a, so We; ᵑ0 כָּשַׁל), 2 masculine singular תִּכָּשֵׁל Proverbs 4:12, בִּכָּֽשְׁלוּ Proverbs 24:17 (yet see Ges^{§ 51}, R. 1), בְּהִכָּֽשְׁלָם Daniel 11:34; Participle נִכְשָׁל Zechariah 12:8; plural נִכְשָׁלִים 1 Samuel 2:4; —

1 stumble (= Qal) Nahum 2:6; Isaiah 63:13; Jeremiah 31:9; usually figurative:

a. of misfortune Proverbs 24:17 ("" נפל), negative Proverbs 4:12.

b. of divine judgement (with בְּ at) Proverbs 4:19; Proverbs 24:16, negative Ezekiel 33:12; see also Hosea 14:10 (בְ location), Jeremiah 20:11; Daniel 11:14,35, יִכָּֽשְׁלוּ וְיאֹבְדוּ מִמָּנֶיךָ Psalm 9:4; especially = be overthrown, of nations, armies, etc., Hosea 5:5 (with בַּעֲוֺנָם, compare Hosea 14:2

Qal), Jeremiah 6:15 "" נפל, compare Jeremiah 8:12 ("" id.), Daniel 11:19 ( + נפל), Daniel 11:33 (בְ instrumental), Daniel 11:34; Daniel 11:41.

2 be tottering, feeble, כָּשׁוֺל יִכָּשֵׁ֑לוּ Isaiah 40:30 (opposed to יַחֲלִיפוּ כֹחַ Isaiah 40:31); so participle 1 Samuel 2:4; Zechariah 12:8.

Pi`el only apparent, תְּכַשְּׁלִי Ezekiel 36:14, read תְּשַׁכְּלִי with Qr Vrss EV Sm Co Da (see also

Hiph`il near the end).

Hiph`il Perfect הִכְשִׁיל Lamentations 1:14 הִכְשַׁלְתֶּם Malachi 2:8; Imperfect3masculine singular suffix יַכְשִׁילְךָ2Chronicles 25:8; 2 feminine singular תַּכְשִׁלִי Ezekiel 36:15 (but strike out ᵐ5 Co; read תשׁכלי, as Ezekiel 36:14 other Vrss Sm Da); 3 masculine plural יַכְשִׁילוּ Proverbs 4:16 Qr (Kt see below

Qal), וַיַּכְשִׁילֻהוּ Paslm Prov 64:9, וַיַּכְשִׁלוּם Jeremiah 18:15 (so ᵑ7; Gie, after ᵐ5. ᵑ6, וַיִּכְשְׁלוּ, [< וַיִּכָּֽשִׁלוּ]); Infinitive construct הַכְשִׁיל2Chronicles 25:8, sf הַכְשִׁילוֺ2Chronicles 28:23; —

1 cause to stumble, figurative:

a. = bring injury or ruin to, abs Proverbs 4:16; of punishment Psalm 64:9 (indefinite subject; si vera lectio; text probably corrupt, see Che Bae).

b. = overthrow, of nation, army, etc., 2 Chronicles 25:8 (followed by לִפְנֵי אוֺיֵב) compare 2 Chronicles 25:8 (opposed to עזר); cause overthrow2Chronicles 28:23. — On Ezekiel 36:15 see above

c. morally, Jeremiah 18:15 (בְּ local), Malachi 2:8 (בְּ instrumental).

2 make feeble, weak, הִכְשִׁיל כֹּחִי Lamentations 1:14 (of God's dealing with Jerusalem)

Hoph`al only Participle והיו מֻכְשָׁלִים לְפָנֶיךָ Jeremiah 18:23 either and let them be ones who have stumbled before thee, i.e. regard them as such (Hi Gf VB), or and let them be ones overthrown before thee (Gie; so Qr according to Gf). So also in Ezekiel 21:20 according to Co, compare Sm Da (ᵑ0 מִכְשֹׁלִים, see מִכְשׁוֺל).