עַל preposition upon, over, on account of, above, to, against (Biblical Hebrew and General Aramaic id.); — suffix 1 singular עֲלַי; 2 masculine singular עליך Kt (so Egyptian Aramaic, Cooke^{No. 77, A 5, 6, B 8}, S-C^{Pap. A 3, B 5} +), עֲלָךְ, Qr (ᵑ7 עֲלַךְ, Dalm^{§ 47, 2}) Daniel 3:12 6t. Daniel; Ezra 7:18; 3masculine singular עֲלוֺהִי (so Nabataean, Palmyrene; Egyptian Aramaic עלוי S-C^{A 6} +) Daniel 3:28 +, עֲלֹהִי Ezra 6:11; 3feminine singular עליה Kt (so Egyptian Aramaic, S-C^{D 24}), עֲלַהּ Qr (so ᵑ7) Daniel 4:14; Daniel 5:21; 1plural עֲלֵינָא Ezra 4:12, עֲלֵ֑ינָא Ezra 4:18; Ezra 5:17 Baer (Gi עֲלֶ֑ינָא); 3 masculine plural עֲלֵיהֹם (so Nabataean, CIS^{ii. 226}; Egyptian Aramaic, S-C^{Pap. F 5, 8}+) Ezra 7:24, עֲלֵיהוֺן Ezra 5:1,3; —

1. a. upon, Daniel 2:10,28,46; Daniel 5:5,7; Daniel 6:11 + often, Daniel 4:26 עַלהֵֿיכַל מַלְכוּתָא (2 Samuel 11:2); to be established עַל מַלְכוּתִי 2 Samuel 4:33 (compare 2 Chronicles 1:1; Biblical Hebrew II. 1) to lay an impost upon, Ezra 7:24; to trust on, Daniel 3:28; after a verb of motion, מְטָא עַל to come upon, Daniel 4:21; Daniel 4:25; of times, to pass over, Daniel 4:13; Daniel 4:20; Daniel 4:22; Daniel 4:29; Ezra 5:1 בְּשֻׁם אֱלָהּ יִשְׂרָאֵל עֲלֵיהוֺן i.e. (named) over them.

b. idiomatic (as in Biblical Hebrew; see

II. 1 d) of the person who is the subject of an emotion or experience, Daniel 5:9 וְזִיוֺתִי שָׁנַיִן עֲלוֺהִי were changed upon him, Daniel 7:28; Daniel 6:19 וְשִׁנְּתֵהּ נַדַּת עֲלוֺהִי (compare Daniel 2:1).

c. on accusative of (Biblical Hebrew 1f b), Daniel 3:16 מִּתְגָּם עַלדְּֿנָה. So in עַלדְּֿנָה on this accusative Ezra 4:15,22; Ezra 5:17, עַלמָֿה wherefore ? Daniel 2:15; and עַל דִּבְרַת דִּי (see ׳דְּ).

d. on behalf of (ib.

1f c), Ezra 6:17.

e. regarding, concerning (ib.

1f g), Daniel 2:18; Daniel 5:14,29; Daniel 6:6; Daniel 6:13; Ezra 7:14 #NAME?

2 over, with verbs of ruling, appointing, etc., Daniel 2:48,49; Daniel 3:12; Daniel 4:14 +, Ezra 4:20; Ezra 6:18.

3 in a comparative sense, above, beyond, Daniel 3:19; Daniel 6:4.

4 expressing direction:

a. to, of a person, after a verb of motion (compare Biblical Hebrew

7c a a), Daniel 2:24; Daniel 4:31; Daniel 4:33; Daniel 6:7; Daniel 6:16; Ezra 4:12,23 + often; after to send (a letter, etc.) Ezra 4:11,17,18; Ezra 5:6 +, write Ezra 4:7, prophesy Ezra 5:1; of the direction of the mind (ib.

7c c), Daniel 3:12; Daniel 6:14 (twice in verse); Daniel 6:15; compare Ezra 5:5 הֲוַת עַל ׳וְעֵין אֱל (compare Jeremiah 40:4 and אֶל Psalm 34:16).

b. against, Daniel 3:19,29; Daniel 5:23; Daniel 6:5; Daniel 6:6 +; Ezra 4:8; Ezra 7:23.

5 in such phrases as שְׁפַר עַל, טְאֵב (to be) good or acceptable to (as in Syriac and late Hebrew: see Biblical Hebrew 8), Ezra 5:17 אִם עַל מַלְכָּא טָב, Ezra 7:18 (twice in verse); Daniel 4:24 (יִשְׁמַּר), Daniel 6:15 (בְּאֵשׁ), Daniel 6:24 (טְאֵב). — compare the synopsis of meanings in Lzb³⁴⁰.