noun masculine and feminine ten (Late Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; perhaps MI³³ עשרֿ; Phoenician עשר, עסר, עשרת, etc.; Arabic , ; Sabean עשר SabDenkm^{No. 11 b, l. 5, 6,} עשרת and compounds Hom^{Chrest. 48}; Ethiopic , ; Assyrian ešertu; ᵑ7 עֲסַר, עַסְרָא; עֲשַׂר, עַשְׂרָא; Syriac , ; Nabataean עשר, all = ten; Palmyrene עשרתא the Ten (rulers)); — masculine (with noun feminine) עֶ֫שֶׂר 2 Samuel 15:16 53t. (absolute and construct usually indistinguishable); עָ֑שֶׁר 1 Kings 7:43; 1 Chronicles 6:46; feminine (c. noun masculine): absolute עֲשָׂרָה Genesis 24:10 69t.; construct (probably) עֲשֶׂ֫רֶת 1 Samuel 17:18 46t.; feminine plural עֲשָׂרֹת Exodus 18:21 2t.; — on plural עֶשְׂרִים, 20, see below; —

1 a ten, only feminine plural tens in phrase ׳שָׂרֵי ע captains of tens Exodus 18:21,25 (E), Deuteronomy 1:15.

2 ten, enumerating person or things, usually without other numbers:

a. עֶ֫שֶׂר before feminine plural noun, Genesis 45:23 43t. after noun 1 Kings 7:27,43 #NAME? Joshua 15:57; Joshua 21:5,26 (all P), 1 Chronicles 6:46; 2Chronicles 4:7; before בָּאַמָּה = ten cubits 1 Kings 6:3,25,26; 1 Kings 7:23,24.

b. עֲשָׂרָה before masculine plural noun, Genesis 45:23 25t. (including אֲלָפִים ׳ע = 10,000 2 Samuel 18:3; 2 Kings 24:14 Kt, עֲשֶׂרֶת Qr); before n.collective בָּקָר 1 Kings 5:3, רֶכֶב 2 Kings 13:7; also לֶחֶם הַוֶּה ׳ע 1 Samuel 17:17 these ten loaves, compare 1 Kings 14:3; אֶלֶף ׳ע Ezekiel 45:1 read ׳עֶשְׂרִיס א ᵐ5 Hi Co Berthol Toy; after masculine plural noun Genesis 32:16 (twice in verse); Genesis 43:3 (all E), Joshua 17:5 (JE), Numbers 29:23 (P), 1 Kings 7:43; 2Chronicles 4:6,8; Daniel 1:12,14,15 ; after n.collective צאֹן2Chronicles 30:24; noun omitted, that is men, Genesis 18:32 (J) Amos 5:3; Ezra 8:4; that is shekels (weight) Genesis 24:22 (J) Numbers 7:14 13t. Numbers 7 (זָהָב ׳ע); כֶסֶף ׳ע (that is shekels, value) 2 Samuel 18:11; that is measures (of grain) Haggai 2:16; with article the ten Genesis 18:23 (J; that is men), Nehemiah 11:1 (id. = every ten); as predicate Exodus 27:12 (twice in verse) = Exodus 38:12 (twice in verse) (all P) .

c. עֲשֶׂ֫רֶת before masculine plural noun Exodus 34:28 18t., + כַּעֲשֶׂרֶת הַיָּמִים 1 Samuel 25:38 (on article compare Weir in Dr, but dubious; probably omitted, so ᵐ5 We Bu), + אֲלָפִים ׳ע = 10,000 Judges 1:4 26t.; noun omitted כֶּסֶף ׳ע (that is shekels) Judges 17:10.

3 rarely + other number:

a. עֶשֶׂר after larger number, מֵאָה שָׁנִים ׳וָע Genesis 50:22,26; Joshua 24:29 (all E), Judges 2:8.

b. ׳ע before larger number עֶשֶׂר שָׁנִים וּתְשַׁע מֵאוֺת שָׁנָה Genesis 5:14 (P).

c. עֲשָׂרָה after larger number, מֵאָה וַעֲשָׂרָה הַזְּכָרִים Ezra 8:12, compare (noun preceding) Ezra 1:10.

d. עֲשָׂרָה after smaller number, שִׁבְעָה שְׁקָלִים וַעֲשָׂרָה הַכָּ֑סֶף Jeremiah 32:9 = seventeen shekels; before smaller number + singular noun עֲשָׂרָה וַחֲמִשָּׁה שֶׁקֶל Ezekiel 45:12, but read חֲמִשִּׁים joining עֲשָׂרָה to preceding, ᵐ5^A Hi Co and others