Brown-Driver-Briggs
שֶׁ֫מֶן192 noun masculine 2 Kings 20:13 (on apparently
feminine Songs 1:3 compare Albr
ZAW xvi (1896), 99, 106)
fat, oil; —
׳שׁ absolute
Genesis 28:28 +, construct
Leviticus 8:2 +;
׳שָׁ֑ 2 Kings 4:6 +; suffix
שַׁמְנִי Hosea 2:7 +, etc.; plural
שְׁמָנִים Amos 6:6 +; suffix
שְׁמָנֶיךָ Songs 1:3,
נַיִח-
Songs 4:10; —
1 fat, fatness: ׳קֶרֶן בֶּןשֿׁ Isaiah 5:1 (of fertile slope); plural גֵּיאשְֿׁמָנִים Isaiah 28:1,4; of food (in figurative) Isaiah 25:6 (twice in verse); literal כְּשָׂרִי כָּחַשׁ מִשָּׁ֑מֶן Psalm 109:24 (compare צוֺם va), compare ׳מִמְּנֵי שׁ Isaiah 10:27 (in figurative, si vera lectio, meaning obscure; most now emend by conjecture; RSJPH xili (1885), 62 עָלָה מִצָּפוֺן שֹׁרֵד [see also II. חבל], joining to Isaiah 10:28; Du Marti has gone up from Pene-Rimmon [??], compare Di-Kit).
2. a. oil, specifically olive-oil, as rich product Deuteronomy 8:8 + (see זַיִת); hence ׳עֵץ שׁ Isaiah 41:19 oil-tree, usually explained as wild olive, oleaster, so Nehemiah 8:15 ("" וַיִת), ׳עֲצֵי שׁ oleaster-wood 1 Kings 6:23,31,32,33; once הַמֹּר ׳שׁ Esther 2:2 (see מֹר p. 600:b; ׳מ also in holy anointing oil Exodus 30:23).
b. ׳שׁ as staple (codiment) Numbers 11:8 (J; see לשׁד), of value 1 Kings 17:12,14,16; 2 Kings 2:4,6,7 4t.; symbol of plenty Deuteronomy 32:13; Deuteronomy 33:24; Job 29:6; ascribed (fassely) to gift of Baals Hosea 2:7; as royal treasure 2 Kings 20:13 = Isaiah 39:2, compare 1 Kings 5:25 (כָּ תִית ׳שׁ, see ׳כ) = 2 Chron 2:9; 2 Chronicles 2:14 3t.; tribute Hosea 12:2, article of trade Ezekiel 27:17; odoriferous Proverbs 27:9; Songs 1:3; Songs 4:10, רוֺקֵחַ ׳שׁ Ecclesiastes 10:1, so (figurative) Songs 1:3; Ecclesiastes 7:1; Proverbs 27:16 is corrupt, see Toy; sign of luxury Ezekiel 16:13; Proverbs 21:17, of prosperity Ezekiel 16:20.
c. ׳שׁ as medicament Isaiah 1:6; as unguent, for shield 2 Samuel 1:21, person Amos 6:6; Micah 6:15; Deuteronomy 28:40; Ezekiel 16:9; Esther; Psalm 92:11; Psalm 104:15, not for mourner 2 Samuel 14:2; on head token of happiness Ecclesiastes 9:8, of hospitality, ראֹשִׁי ׳דִּמַּנְתָּ בַּמֹּ Psalm 23:5 (figurative), in simile Psalm 133:2; Psalm 141:5.
d. for anointing king, ׳מַּח הַשּׂ 1 Samuel 10:1; 2 Kings 9:1,3, compare 2 Kings 9:6, with קֶרֶן 1 Samuel 16:1,13; 1 Kings 1:39; compare קָדְשִׁי מְשַׁחְתִּיו ׳בְּשׁ Psalm 89:21.
e. in various figs., of joy שָׂשׂוֺן ׳שׁ Isaiah 61:3; Psalm 45:8; soft words Psalm 55:22; Proverbs 5:3; as penetrating Prov 109:18; as clear, transparent Ezekiel 32:14.
f. used in primitive worship, poured on stone Genesis 28:18 (E), Genesis 35:14 (J).
g. in later ritual: for anointing priests, tabernacle, altar utensils, etc. (P), made of various ingred., וַיִת ׳שׁ among them, Exodus 30:24, הַמִּשְׁתָה ׳שׁ Exodus 25:6; Leviticus 8:2,10,12 11t.; מִשְׁחַתקֹֿדֶשׁ ׳שׁ Exodus 30:25 (twice in verse) + 2t.; ׳י ׳מ ׳שׁ Leviticus 10:7, אֱםהָיו ׳מ ׳שׁ Leviticus 21:12; ׳הקּ ׳שׁ Numbers 35:25; ׳שׁ alone Leviticus 14:10 12t. Leviticus 14; for lighting Exodus 25:6 6t. + זַיִת זָח כָּ חִית ׳שׁ Exodus 27:20; Leviticus 24:2 (see כָּ תִית); poured upon מִנְחָה Leviticus 2:1 5t., compare Leviticus 5:11; Numbers 5:15; smeared (see מָשַׁח) upon wafers Exodus 29:2; Leviticus 2:4 +, and cakes (or mixed in the making? compare בָּלַל) Exodus 29:2; Leviticus 2:4,5 +, so ׳סֹלֶת בַּשׁ Leviticus 2:7 etc. (c. 45 t. in all), ׳חַלַּת לֶחֶם שׁ Exodus 29:23; Leviticus 8:26.
h. for use in temple 1 Chronicles 9:29.
i. for תְּרוּמָה in Ezekiel's temple Ezekiel 45:14 (twice in verse) + 7 t. 45, 46.
j. efficacy denied Micah 6:7
k. offered to idols Isaiah 57:9; Ezekiel 16:18,19; Ezekiel 23:41. — See MacalisterHast. DB OIL ARSKEncy. Bib. OIL.
