adverb and

preposition phrases, above, upwards (Phoenician מעל, see below מַ֫טּה p. 641: abbreviated from מַעֲלֶה; compare מַ֫עַן in לְמַ֫עַן from ׃עָנָה Kö^{ii. 116}): —

1 מִמַּ֫עַל = above (see מִן 1c)

a. as adverb Amos 2:9 וָאַשְׁמִיד מִּרְיוֺ מִמֵּעַל his fruit above (opposed to שָׁרָשָׁיו מִתָּ֑חַת), Job 18:16; 1 Kings 7:3,20,29; often in the phrase הַשָּׁמַמַיִם מִמַּעַל Deuteronomy 4:39; Deuteronomy 5:8 ( = Exodus 20:4), Joshua 2:11; 1 Kings 8:23; Isaiah 45:8; Jeremiah 4:28; compare ׳שְׁחָקִים מ Psalm 78:23; Proverbs 8:28, ׳אֱלוֺהַּ מ Job 3:4; Job 31:2, ׳אֵל מ Job 31:28.

b. מִמַּעַל לְ, as preposition (מן

1c), on the top of, above, Genesis 22:9 ממעל לָעֵצִים above the wood, Exodus 28:27 = Exodus 39:20, Leviticus 11:21 כְּרָעַיִם מִמַּעַל לְרַגְלָיו, Isaiah 6:2 שְׁרָפִים עֹמדים מִמַּעַל לוֺ, Isaiah 14:13; Jeremiah 43:10; Ezekiel 1:26; Daniel 12:6,7; = on higher ground than, Jeremiah 35:4; figurative Jeremiah 52:32 ("" 2 Kings 25:28 מֵעַל).

2 With ָ  ה locative מַ֫עְלָה, מָ֑עְלָה upwards (opposed to מַ֫טָּה p. 641) :

a. figurative Deuteronomy 28:43 יַעֲלֶה עֶלֶיךָ מַ֫עְלָה מָ֫עְלָה upwards, upwards, i.e. higher and higher (opposed to מַ֫טָּה מָֽטָה).

b. וָמַ֫עְלָה (a) of direction in space, Judges 1:36 מֵהַסֶּלַע וָמַ֫עְלָה from the rock and upwards (compare Bu), 1 Kings 7:31 (corrupt: see Sta VB Benz), 1 Samuel 9:2 = 1 Samuel 10:23 מִשִּׁכְמוֺ וָמַ֫עְלָה from his shoulder and upwards: so ׳וּלְמ, Ezekiel 1:27 מִמַּרְאֵה מָתְנָיו וּלְמָ֑עְלָה Ezekiel 8:2; Ezekiel 43:5. (b) of direction in time, or age: — (a) מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וָמָ֑עְלָה Exodus 30:14; Numbers 1:3 19t. P, ׳מִבֶּן חֹדֶשׁ חֹדֶשׁ וָמ Numbers 3:15,22 6t. P, simil. Numbers 4:3; Numbers 8:24 7t. P; elsewhere only 1 Chronicles 23:3,24; Ezra 3:8, and with וּלְמַעְלָה 1 Chronicles 23:17; 2Chronicles 31:16,17; ׳לְמִבֶּן ֗֗֗ וָמ2Chronicles 25:5; and 2 Kings 3:21 מִכֹּל חֹגֵר חֲגֹרָה ׳וָמ. (β) ׳מהיום ההוא וָמ from that day and onwards, 1 Samuel 16:13; 1 Samuel 30:25. (γ) ׳מן היום הזִה וָמ from this day and upwards (i.e. and back), Haggai 2:15,18 **and onwards (as β) is more probably: see Now We^{Kl. Proph. ed. 8 {1898}} Marti Dr.

c. לְמַ֫עְלָךְ upwards, more common than ׳מ alone (

a): (a) Exodus 25:20 (= Exodus 37:9) ֹ˜מּרְשֵׂי ׳כְנָפַיִם למ Judges 7:13 ׳ויהפכחו למ overthrew it upwards, i.e. turned it downside up, Isaiah 7:11 ׳אוֺ הַגְבֵּהַּ למ or make it (the request) high upwards, Isaiah 8:21 ׳וּפָנָה למ, Isaiah 37:31 (2 Kings 19:30) ועשׂה פרי ׳למ (compare Amos 2:9, 1a), Ezekiel 41:7 a β (v:a α bis ׳למ ׳למ = higher and higher), Psalm 74:5; figurative ׳וְהָיִיתָ רַק למ Deuteronomy 28:13 (compare

a), Proverbs 15:24 ׳אֹרַח חַיִּים למ (opposed to שְׁאוֺל מָֽטָּה ׃), compare Ecclesiastes 3:21; followed by a noun, Ezra 9:6 רּאשׁ ׳למ over the head, followed by מֵעַל (compare Aboth Ezra 2:1 לְמַעְלָה מִן) = above, 2 Chronicles 34:4: see also

b a, b a. (b) metaphor = exceedingly, only in Chronicles: 1 Chronicles 14:2; 1 Chronicles 22:5 the house must be built to J. ׳לְהַגְדִּיל למ so as to shew greatness exceedingly, 1 Chronicles 23:17 ׳רָבוּ למ ׳וּבְנֵי ר, 1 Chronicles 29:3 (followed by מִ ן; = over and above ...), 1 Chronicles 29:25; 2Chronicles 1:1 ׳וַיְגַדְּלֵהוּ למ, 2 Chronicles 20:19; עַד לְמַ֫עְלָה, 2 Chronicles 16:12; 17:12; 26:8.

d. מִלְמַ֫עְלָה (see מִן

9a), adverb, above (the more usual prose synonym of מִמַּעַל): Genesis 6:16 אֶלאַֿמָּה תְּכַלֶּנָּה ׳מ Genesis 7:20 15cubits ׳מ (i.e. above the mountain-tops), Exodus 25:21 (Exodus 40:20) ׳וְנָתַתָּ֫ה אֶתהַֿכַּמֹּרֶת על הארון מ upon the ark above, Exodus 26:14 (Exodus 36:19; 40:19; Numbers 4:25) a covering of skins on the tent ׳מ above, Num 39:31; Numbers 4:6; 1 Kings 7:11,25; 1 Kings 8:7 (2 Chronicles 4:4; 5:8), Jeremiah 31:37 ׳אִם יִמַּדּוּ שָׁמַיִם מ (compare 1a), Ezekiel 1:11 ׳מְּרֻדוֺת מ separate above, Ezekiel 1:22; Ezekiel 1:26; Ezekiel 10:19; Ezekiel 11:22; Ezekiel 37:8; from above, Joshua 3:13,16 ׳הַמַּיִם הַיֹּרְדִים מ.