noun masculine^{Genesis 11:6} (see below) people (Late Hebrew id., plebeian, common man; ᵑ7 עַמָּא people, plural peoples, tribes, etc.; Syriac ; Arabic see above; original meaning probably those united, connected, related, compare We^{GGN 1893, 480}); — absolute עַם Genesis 11:6 +, עָם Judges 9:36 +, הָעָם Joshua 8:11 +; construct עַם Numbers 21:29 +; suffix עַמִּי Exodus 3:7 +, עַמְּךָ Exodus 22:27 +, etc.; plural עַמִּים Isaiah 2:3 +, עֲמָמִים (compare Biblical Aramaic) Nehemiah 9:22; construct עַמֵּי 1 Kings 8:43 +, עַמְמֵי Nehemiah 9:24; plural with suffix see II. עַם; — (Thes cites following as feminine וְחָטָאת עַמֶּ֑ךָ Exodus 5:16 [but corrupt and unintellig.; read perhaps ׳וְחַטָאתָ לְע, so ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Di]; Judges 18:7 [but ישֶׁבֶת must agree with lost word city, or the like, see GFM]; Jeremiah 8:5 [but read שׁוֺבַב for שׁוֺבְבָה Gie]); —

1 a people, nation (sometimes "" גּוֺי), collective noun (singular Exodus 21:8; Joshua 17:14,15,17; 2 Samuel 17:29 #NAME? Exodus 20:15; Exodus 24:2; Jeremiah 5:31 #NAME? Exodus 1:20; 2 Samuel 13:24): עַם אֶחָד = all mankind Genesis 11:6 (J); peoples in General Genesis 27:29 (J; "" לְאֻמִּים), Exodus 19:5 (E), Deuteronomy 2:25; Deuteronomy 4:6 #NAME? Deuteronomy; Nehemiah 13:24 + often; קְהַל עַמִּים Genesis 28:3 (P) an assembly (multitude) of peoples, Genesis 48:4 (P), Ezekiel 23:24; Ezekiel 32:3 (+ רַבִּים); one's own people Jeremiah 46:16; Psalm 45:11; Ruth 1:10,15,16 (twice in verse) + (on עַמִּי נָדִיב Songs 6:12 see especially Bu); particular peoples, Egypt Genesis 41:40 (E), Exodus 1:22 (E), Nehemiah 9:10 +; עַםאֲֿרָם Amos 1:5; עַםכְּֿמוֺשׁ (i.e. Moab) Numbers 21:29 (JE), Jeremiah 48:46; but especially Israel Exodus 1:20 (E) + often; ׳עַםבְּֿנֵי יִשׂ Exodus 1:9 (J); called יהוה ׳ע Numbers 11:29 (E), 1 Samuel 2:24 +, and (by ׳י) עַמִּי Exodus 3:7; Exodus 5:1 (J) + often (all periods); קְהַל עַםהָֿאֱלֹהִים Judges 20:2, עַםהַֿקָּהָל Leviticus 16:33 (P), קְהַל עָם Psalm 107:32; especially הָעָם הַזֶּה (often in contempt or disgust) Numbers 11:1,12,13 +; figurative of ants Proverbs 30:25, the shaphan Proverbs 30:26, locusts Joel 2:2, compare לְעַם לְצִיִּים Psalm 74:14 (where read לְעַם צִיִּים Hup-Now). — On Judges 1:16 see עֲמָלֵקִי. 2 = smaller units, e.g.

a. inhabitants of a city Genesis 19:4 (J), 1 Samuel 9:12,13; Jeremiah 29:16,25; 2Chronicles 31:4 + (Jeremiah 8:5 strike out ׳יְרוּוּשׁ ᵐ5 Gie Co Rothst).

b. inhabitants of a locality Jeremiah 37:12 [apparently not = tribe, Deuteronomy 33:3 read עַמּוֺ ᵐ5 Di Dr, Hosea 10:14; Judges 5:8,14 read בְּעָרֶיךָ We Now; see below ד].

c. retainers, followers Genesis 14:16; Genesis 32:8; Genesis 33:15; Genesis 35:6; Judges 3:18; Judges 8:5; 2 Samuel 15:17; Jeremiah 41:13,14 +.

d. people bearing arms 1 Samuel 11:11; 1 Kings 20:10 +; כָּבֵד ׳ע Numbers 20:20 (JE), i.e. a powerful force; עַם הַצָּבָא Numbers 31:32 (P), הַמִּלְחָמָה ׳ע Joshua 8:1,3,11; Joshua 10:7; Joshua 11:7 (all J E); so probably Judges 5:8 a (fighting) band; perhaps also Judges 5:14 (read singular ? see GFM Bu).

3 = common people Jeremiah 21:7; Jeremiah 22:4; Leviticus 4:27 (opposed to ruler Leviticus 4:22), Nehemiah 5:1 (opposed to יְהוּדִים), Nehemiah 7:5 (opposed to rulers).

4 people in General, persons Genesis 50:20 (E), so apparently ׳כָּלהָֿעָם אֲשֶׁר וגו Exodus 33:16 (J), Numbers 11:34 (J), Joshua 5:5 (twice in verse) (D), Judges 9:36 (as singular), Judges 9:37 (as plural), Jeremiah 36:9; persons labouring 1 Kings 9:23; superior persons Job 12:2 (iron.); עַם עוֺלָם Ezekiel 26:30 people of long ago (now in Sh®°ôl).

5 phrases are:

a. (עַמָּהּ, עַמִּי, עַמְּךָ) בְּנֵי עַמּוֺ members of one's people, compatriots, fellow-countrymen, etc. Numbers 22:5 (E), Genesis 23:11 (P) Leviticus 19:18 (H), Judges 14:16,17; Ezekiel 33:2,12 +.

b. בְּנֵי הָעָם = common people (see

3) 2 Kings 23:6; Jeremiah 26:23 +; people in General שַׁעַר בְּנֵי הָעָם Jeremiah 17:19 i.e. public gate2Chronicles 35:5,12.

c. עַם הָאָרֶץ the people at large, as a body 2 Kings 11:14,18,19,20; 2 Kings 15:5; 2 Kings 16:15; 2 Kings 21:24 (twice in verse) +, Jeremiah 37:2; Jeremiah 44:21; Leviticus 20:2 (H), Genesis 23:7,12,13 (P); common people Jeremiah 34:19, compare ׳הא ׳דַּלַּת ע 2 Kings 24:14; distinguished from prince Ezekiel 45:22; Ezekiel 46:3,9, from priests Haggai 2:4; Zechariah 7:5; = Canaanites Numbers 14:9 (JE), compare עַמֵּי הָאָרֶץ 1 Chronicles 5:25; mixed post-exile population Ezra 4:4.

d. עַמֵּי הָאָרֶץ usually peoples of the earth Joshua 4:24 (D), 2 Chronicles 32:19 +; of heathen peoples about and in Palestine after exile Ezra 10:2,11; traders Nehemiah 10:31; עַמֵּי הָאֲרָצוֺת Nehemiah 9:30; Nehemiah 10:29; 2Chronicles 32:13.

e. מִשְׁמְּחוֺת עַמִּים Psalm 96:7 = 1 Chronicles 16:28 (compare Psalm 22:28).

f. בַּתעַֿמִּי = people personified Isaiah 22:4; Jeremiah 4:11 7t. Jeremiah + Jeremiah 6:14 (van d. H.; omit בַּת Baer Gi), Lamentations 2:11; Lamentations 3:48; Lamentations 4:3,6,10; בְּתוּלַת בַּתעַֿמִּי Jeremiah 14:17.

g. designations of Israel are: עַםקָֿרוֺשׁ Deuteronomy 7:6 3t., קְדוֺשִׁים ׳ע Daniel 8:24, (ה)קֹדֶשׁ ׳ע Isaiah 62:12; Isaiah 63:18; Daniel 12:7; סְגֻלָּה ׳ע Deuteronomy 7:6; Deuteronomy 14:2; Deuteronomy 26:18.

h. of foreign (non-Israel) peoples: ׳ע נָכְרִי Exodus 21:8 (E), אַחֵר ׳ע Deuteronomy 28:32, and especially from language, עִמְקֵי שָׂפָה ׳ע Ezekiel 3:5 compare Ezekiel 3:6, כִּלְשׁוֺן עַם וָעָם Nehemiah 13:24 compare Esther 1:22 (twice in verse); Esther 3:12, לֹעֵג ׳ע Psalm 114:1.

i. עַם עֶבְרָתִי Isaiah 10:6, חֶרְמִי ׳ע Isaiah 34:11, מִֿבְחָרָיו׳ע Daniel 11:15, עַמֵּי תּוֺעֵבוֺת הָאֵלֶּה Ezra 9:14; לֹא עַם בִּינוֺת Isaiah 27:11. — For עַםעֿוֺלָם Isaiah 44:7 read (אֹתִיּוֺת) (מִי הִשְׁמִי)עַ מֵעוֺלָם Oort Du Kit Che^Hpt compare Perles^{Anal. 40, 64}.

II. [עַם] noun [masculine] kinsman **later development of I. עַם RS^{K 58; 2nd ed. 72}. (on father's side) (Arabic paternal uncle, etc., see I. עמם; compare perhaps Tel Amarna ammu, kinsmen (?); on Nabataean עם ancestor compare Lzb^{151, 499}; see also especially Nes^{Eg 187, ZAW xvi (1896), 322f.} Krenkel^{ib. viii (1888), 280-84}); — suffix עַמִּי in בֶּןעַֿמִּי (q. v.), and proper name following; elsewhere plural suffix עַמֶּיךָ Numbers 27:13; Numbers 31:2 (Leviticus 19:16 read עַמְּךָ ᵐ5 ⅏), + (possibly) עֲמָָמֶיךָ Judges 5:14; עַמָּיו Genesis 25:8 15t., עַמֶּיהָ Genesis 17:14 3t.; read עַמֶּי (for ᵑ0 עַמִּי, I. עַם; compare Krenkel^{l.c. 281}) Genesis 49:29 and perhaps Judges 14:3 (compare Leviticus 21:14); according to Buhl Kit also 2 Kings 4:13; — father's kinsmen: וַיֵּאָסֵף אֶלעַֿמָּיו Genesis 25:8 (of joining kinsmen in Sh®°ôl), so Genesis 25:17; Genesis 35:29; Genesis 49:33; Numbers 20:24; Deuteronomy 32:50, compare Genesis 49:29 (see above), Numbers 27:13; Numbers 31:2; Deuteronomy 32:50 (all P); וְנִכְרְתָה הַנֶּפֶשׁ מֵעַמֶּיהָ Genesis 17:4 (severed from living kinsmen), so Leviticus 7:20,21,23,27; Leviticus 19:8; Leviticus 23:29; Numbers 9:13, מִקֶּרֶב עַמֶּיהָ Exodus 31:14, compare Exodus 30:33,38; Leviticus 17:9 (all PH); מֵעַמָּיו יִקַּח אִשָּׁה Leviticus 21:14 (H), and perhaps Judges 14:3 (simile I. עַם: [םָ֯, הָּ֯] מִקֶּרֶב עַמּוֺ Leviticus 17:4,10; Leviticus 18:29+); other combinations Judges 5:14 (si vera lectio read perhaps בְּעַמֶּ֑ךָ, see I. עַם 2d ), Leviticus 21:1,4,15 (H), Ezekiel 18:18 and (perhaps) 2 Kings 4:13. — בֶּןעַֿמִּי perhaps = son of my kinsman; on proper name with עַם see Gray^{Prop. N. 41 ff}.

עַם noun masculine^{Ezra 6:12} people (see Biblical Hebrew I. עמם, עַם); — ׳ע absolute Daniel 2:44; Daniel 3:29; Ezra 6:12, construct Daniel 7:27; emphatic עַמָּה Ezra 5:12, עַמָּא Ezra 7:13,16,25; plural emphatic עַמֲמַיָּא (K^{§§ 15d}); 55, 5 a)) Daniel 3:4,7 (twice in verse); Daniel 3:31; Daniel 5:19; Daniel 6:26; Daniel 7:14.