אֵשׁ₃₇₇ noun feminine^{Exodus 9:23} (masculine^{Jeremiah 48:45; Psalm 104:4}; **masculine is dubious: Numbers 16:18 read עָלֶיהָ for 2nd עֲלֵיהֶם (ᵐ5B); Jeremiah 20:9 see Ges^{§ 132 d}; Jeremiah 48:45 read (many MSS., Numbers 21:23) יצאה; Psalm 104:4 read perhaps (Ol Du): לֵֹ˜הטָה, or וָלָֽחַט; Job 20:26 see Ges^{§ 145 u (or 121 b)}: compare Albr^{ZAW xvi {1896}. 63}. feminine & masculine^{Jeremiah 20:9; Job 20:26}) fire (Assyrian išatu COT^Gloss, Syriac , Ethiopic derivatives from II. אנשׁ, , sociable, friendly element (MV Wetzst in De^{Psalmen, ed. 4, p. 888} Lag^{BN 68} compare , ), improbable especially in view of Assyrian; daghesh probably secondary; compare also Sta^{§ 189 b}) — ׳א absolute Exodus 9:24 +; construct Leviticus 6:2 + (seldom); suffix אִשּׁוֺ Deuteronomy 4:36; Job 18:5; אֶשְׁכֶם Isaiah 50:11; אִשָּׁם Isaiah 66:24; —

1 fire, of conflagration, e.g. in briers, endangering or destroying crops תֵּצֵא אֵשׁ וּמָֽצְאָה קֹצִים Exodus 22:5; compare Exodus 3:2 הַסְּנֶה בֹּעֵר בָּאֵשׁ (both E); more often of deliberate destruction by fire, especially שָׂרַף בָּאֵשׁ (בָּ with qam. preton.) object golden calf Exodus 32:20 (J), other idols Deuteronomy 7:5,25, Asherim Deuteronomy 12:3, chariots Joshua 11:6,9; 2 Kings 23:1, house Judges 12:1; Judges 14:15, tower Judges 9:52, city-gates Nehemiah 1:3; Nehemiah 2:3,13,17, city Joshua 6:24; Judges 18:27 compare Isaiah 1:7 +; also שִׁלַּח אֵשׁ בְּ Amos 1:4,7,10 +; שִׁלַּח אֶתהָֿעִיר בָּאֵשׁ Judges 1:8; Judges 20:48 compare 2 Kings 8:12; הִצִּית אֶתהָֿעִיר בָּאֵשׁ Joshua 8:8,19; Jeremiah 17:27 +, compare Judges 9:49; 2 Samuel 14:30,31 (of field, compare Exodus 22:5 above)

2 of supernatural fire, attending theophany Exodus 3:2; Exodus 19:18 (both J E) Deuteronomy 4:11,12,15,33,36 +; specifically עַמּוּד (הָ)אֵשׁ Exodus 13:21,22; Exodus 14:24 (all J E) Nehemiah 9:12,19 compare Deuteronomy 1:33 (see מַרְאֵהאֵֿשׁ Numbers 9:15,16 P); of destructive fire from ׳י Numbers 11:1,2,3 (J) Numbers 26:10 (P) Leviticus 10:2 (P); compare אֹכֶלָת ׳א in simile of Yahweh's glory Exodus 24:17 (E) Deuteronomy 4:24; Deuteronomy 9:3; see also 1 Kings 18:24,38; 2 Kings 1:10 (twice in verse); 2 Kings 1:12 (twice in verse); 2 Kings 1:14; Job 1:16 (perhaps lightning intended), compare further of lightning Exodus 9:23,24 (JE) Psalm 18:13; Psalm 18:14; Psalm 148:8 etc.

3 fire for cooking, roasting, parching, etc. צְלִי אֵשׁ roasted at a fire Exodus 12:8,9 (P) compare Leviticus 2:14; 2Chronicles 35:13; Isaiah 44:16,19; of tinder for lighting fire Genesis 22:6,7 (E); of fire for melting (gold for the idolatrous calf) Exodus 32:24; for refining Jeremiah 6:29, where read with Qr מֵאֵשׁ תַּם עֹפֶרֶת; compare Malachi 3:2 (simile of purifying work of messenger of cov't).

4 especially of altar-fire Leviticus 1:7 (twice in verse); Leviticus 6:2; Leviticus 6:3; Leviticus 6:5; Leviticus 6:6 +; in offering incense Leviticus 10:1, also אֵשׁ זָרָה strange fire, i.e. an incense not commanded, offered presumptuously Leviticus 10:1; Numbers 3:4; Numbers 26:61; fire from ׳י consuming sacrifice (compare 2) Leviticus 9:24; 2Chronicles 7:1,3; of fire in child-sacrifice (usually הֶעֱבִיר בֵּן בָּאֵשׁ (לְׅ) 2 Kings 16:3; 2 Kings 21:6; compare 2 Kings 17:17; 2 Kings 23:10; 2Chronicles 33:6; also ׳שׂרף בָּא 2 Kings 17:31, ׳בער בָּא2Chronicles 28:3.

5 figurative of Yahweh's anger Psalm 89:47 (simile) compare Nahum 1:6; Lamentations 2:4 אֵשׁעֶֿבְרָתִי Ezekiel 21:36; Ezekiel 22:31; Ezekiel 38:19, אֵשׁקִֿנְאָתִי Ezekiel 36:5; see also Isaiah 66:15; Psalm 79:5; Psalm 89:47 etc.; of word of ׳י Jeremiah 23:29; figurative of outbursting emotion Psalm 39:4; of flagrant wickedness Isaiah 9:17, etc:

6 in various combinations, לַמִּיד אֵשׁ Genesis 15:17 (J) a torch of fire (compare Di); לַבַּתאֵֿשׁ Exodus 3:2 flame of fire, לַהַב אֵשׁ Joel 2:5, לַמִּידֵי אֵשׁ (in simile) Daniel 10:6 compare Zechariah 12:6, לַהֲבוֺת אֵשׁ Psalm 29:7 לַהֲבֵי אֵשׁ Isaiah 66:15 compare לְהָבוֺת ׳א Psalm 105:32, לָהָבָה ׳נֹגַהּ א Isaiah 4:5 compare Hosea 7:6; שְׁבִיב אִשּׁוֺ spark of his fire Job 18:5 compare כִּידוֺדֵי אֵשׁ Job 41:11; תַּנּוּר אֵשׁ Psalm 21:10 oven of fire, כִּיּוֺר אֵשׁ Zechariah 12:6; אוֺר אֵשׁ light of fire Psalm 78:14; אֵשׁ לֹהֵט flaming fire Psalm 104:4; לְשׁוֺן אֵשׁ Isaiah 5:24 tongue of fire, גַּחֲלֵי אֵשׁ Ezekiel 1:13 coals of fire, so Ezekiel 10:2, compare רִשְׁמֵּי אֵשׁ Songs 8:6; on אַבְנֵי אֵשׁ Ezekiel 28:14,16 see אֶבֶן; אֵשׁ דַּת Deuteronomy 33:2, literally fire of a law, or fire was a law, but דָּת law is Persian & late; read perhaps דֹת[לַמִּ] אֵשׁ compare Exodus 20:18 or דֶת [יֹקֶ] אֵשׁ compare Isaiah 65:5.

אֶשָּׁא noun [feminine] fire (Biblical Hebrew אֵשׁ; K^{§ 55, 5. 2 b} thinks emphatic from onomatopoetic √ אשׁשׁ; D¹⁶¹ Buhl √ אשׁא compare ᵑ7 אישָּׁא, אִישָּׁהָא, Syriac ; — Daniel 7:11.

אֻשֹּׁהִי, אֻשַּׁיָּא see [אשׁ]. above