Qal₁₂₈ Perfect3masculine singular ׳שׂ Deuteronomy 12:31 +, suffix שְׂנֵאָהּ 2 Samuel 13:15 +; 2 masculine singular שָׂנֵאתָ Psalm 5:6 +, suffix שְׂנֵאתַ֫נִי Judges 14:16, etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular יִשְׂנָא Proverbs 13:5; Proverbs 26:28, suffix יִשְׂמּנָאֶ֑ךָּ 9:s, etc.; Imperative masculine plural שִׂנְאוּ Amos 9:15; Psalm 97:10; Infinitive absolute שָׂנאֹ Judges 15:2; construct שְׂנאֹ Genesis 37:5 +, שְׂנאֹת Proverbs 8:13; Participle active שׂנֵא Deuteronomy 4:42 +, שׂנַאֲךָ Exodus 23:5; Proverbs 25:21; plural construct שׂנְאֵי Exodus 18:21 +, etc.; passive feminine singular שְׂנוּאָה Genesis 29:31 +; masculine plural construct שְׂנֻאֵי 2 Samuel 5:8 Qr (> Kt שָֽׂנְאוּ); — hate (often opposed to אָהֵב):

1 human;

a. with accusative of person Genesis 26:27 (J), Genesis 37:5,8 (E), Judges 11:7; 2 Samuel 13:22; Amos 5:10 ("" תֵּעֵב) + 17 t. (evil-doers Psalm 26:5; Psalm 31:7; Psalm 139:21), + (object wife) Judges 14:16; Judges 15:2 (twice in verse); + passive participle, of wife, Genesis 29:31 (twice in verse) (J), Deuteronomy 21:15 (twice in verse); Deuteronomy 21:16,17, compare Proverbs 30:23; figurative of Zion Isaiah 60:15 (+ עֲזוּבָה); specifically of sexual revulsion 2 Samuel 13:15 (twice in verse) (+ accusative of congnate meaning with verb), Deuteronomy 22:13,16; Deuteronomy 24:3; so, object man (of Jerusalem under figure of harlot) Ezekiel 16:37; passive שְׂנֻאֵי נֶפֶשׁ דָּוִד 2 Samuel 5:8 (but see obscure); reflexive (accusative נַפְשׁוֺ) Proverbs 29:24, absolute Ecclesiastes 3:8.

b. with accusative of thing, Ezekiel 35:6 (but read בְּדָם אָשַׁמְתָּ ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Co Berthol Toy), Ecclesiastes 2:17,18, especially evil Exodus 18:21 (E), Micah 3:2; Psalm 45:7 10t., virtue, etc. Micah 3:2; Proverbs 1:22 4t.

2 subject ׳י; object perverse Israel Amos 6:8 (its palaces), Hosea 9:15; Jeremiah 12:8; wickedness Psalm 5:6; Psalm 11:5; idolatry and evil Amos 5:21; Isaiah 1:14; Isaiah 61:8; Jeremiah 44:4; Malachi 2:16 5t.

3 Participle active₅₄ as adjective Isaiah 66:5 (as verb with 1singular pronoun Isaiah 61:8,

2 above); usually substantive, Proverbs 13:24 one hating his son (opposed to אֹהֵב); elsewhere = enemy foe (usually construct or with suffix), singular and plural (often "" אֹיֵב, sometimes opposed to אֹהֵב): foe of man Exodus 23:5 (E), Genesis 24:60 (J), Leviticus 26:17 (H) +, nation Exodus 1:10 (E), Esther 9:1,5,16 +, absolute Proverbs 26:24; Proverbs 27:6, (c. 31 t. in all); + לֹא שׂנֵא with ל person, a no-hater to one Deuteronomy 4:42; Deuteronomy 19:4,6; Joshua 20:5, and (without לֹא) Deuteronomy 19:11; foe of good Micah 3:2, compare Job 34:17 3t., of evil Exodus 18:21; Proverbs 28:1, compare Proverbs 15:27; of suretyship Proverbs 11:15 (i.e. not giving it); foes of ׳י Exodus 20:5 = Deuteronomy 5:9; Deuteronomy 7:10 (twice in verse); 2Chronicles 19:2.

Niph`al Imperfect3masculine singular יִשָּׂנֵא Proverbs 14:17 is hated, so Proverbs 14:20 (+ ל person by, see לְ 5d).

Pi`el Participle suffix מְשַׂנְאִי Job 31:29; Psalm 55:13; plural construct מְשַׂנְאֵי Psalm 81:16; suffix מְשַׂנְאַי 2 Samuel 22:41 +, etc.; — enemy (Qal 3) "" אֹיֵב, צָר, etc.:

1 personal and national, Job 31:29; Deuteronomy 33:11 (poem), 2 Samuel 22:41 = Psalm 18:41; Psalm 44:8; Psalm 44:11; Psalm 55:13; Psalm 68:2; Psalm 89:24.

2 of ׳י Numbers 10:35 (J), Deuteronomy 32:41 (poem), Psalm 81:16; Psalm 83:3; Psalm 139:21.

3 of wisdom Proverbs 8:36.