8199. shaphat
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Lexicon
shaphat: to judge, govern
Original Word: שָׁפַט
Part of Speech: Verb
Transliteration: shaphat
Phonetic Spelling: (shaw-fat')
Short Definition: judge

NAS Exhaustive Concordance
Word Origin
a prim. root
Definition
to judge, govern
NASB Translation
acting like a judge (1), already he is acting (1), argue our case (1), decide (1), defend (3), deliver (1), Dispense (1), enter into judgment (6), entered into judgment (1), entering into judgment (1), execute judgment (1), executing judgment (1), freed (2), handed down (1), has a controversy (1), Judge (5), judge (93), judged (22), judges (36), judges decide (1), judges governed (1), judges...judged (1), judging (5), plead (1), pleads (1), pronounce judgment (1), rule (2), rulers (1), rulers...ruled (1), vindicate (6).

Brown-Driver-Briggs
שָׁפַט185 verb judge, govern (Late Hebrew in derivatives; Phoenician שפט = שֹׁפֵט, also in proper name; Punic sufet Lzb381; Biblical Aramaic שָֽׁפְטִין; Assyrian šapâtu (t = ת), synonym dânu (דִּין), judge DlWB 684, šip‰u (ט), probably judgment [and šapi‰u, caption?] JenZA iv (1889), 278 f.; on possible connection with Arabic see NöZMG xi (1886), 724; on usage of verb See FergusonJBL viii (1888), 130 ff.); —

Qal Perfect3masculine singular ׳שׁ Judges 16:31 +, etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular יִשְׁמֹּט Genesis 16:5, יִשְׁמּוֺט Isaiah 11:3; 3masculine plural יִשְׁמְּטוּ Genesis 31:53 +, יִשְׁמּ֫וּטוּ Exodus 18:26 (Ki יִשְׁמּוּט֫וּ; compare Ges§ 47g), etc.; Infinitive absolute שָׁפוֺט Genesis 19:9; construct שְׁפֹט Ruth 1:1, לַשְׁמֹּט Exodus 8:13 +, etc.; Imperative שְׁפָטֿ Proverbs 31:9, שָׁפְטָה Psalm 82:8; Lamentations 3:59, שִׁפְטוּ Isaiah 1:17 +, שְׁפֹ֑טוּ Zechariah 7:9, etc.; Participle שֹׁפֵט 1 Samuel 3:13 +, etc.; —

1 act as law-giver, judge, governor (giving law, deciding controversies and executing law, civil, religious, political, social; both early and late):

a. of God only, שֹׁפֵט כל הארץ Genesis 18:25 (J), "" מֶלֶךְ,מְחֹקֵק Isaiah 33:22.

b. of man, Genesis 19:9 (twice in verse) (J), Moses deciding cases Exodus 18:13 (E), making known statutes Exodus 18:16 (E); so his assistants Exodus 18:22; Exodus 18:22; Exodus 18:26; Exodus 18:26 (E), "" Deuteronomy 1:16; of שׁפטי ישׂראל Numbers 25:5 (executioners); ׳י set שֹׁפְטִים over Israel Judges 2:16,18; 2 Samuel 7:11 = 1 Chronicles 17:10, to deliver Israel, שׁפט ישׂדאל Judges 3:10; Judges 4:4; Judges 10:2,39t. Judges; 1 Samuel 4:18; 1 Samuel 7:15,16,17; 2 Kings 23:22, compare 1 Samuel 7:6; Participle שֹׁפֵט as substantive also Judges 2:17,18,19; 1 Samuel 8:1,2; 2 Kings 23:22; ׳שֹׁפְטֵי יִשׂ 1 Chronicles 17:6 ("" 2 Samuel 7:7 שִׂבְטֵי), בִּימֵי שְׁפֹט הַשֹּׁפְטִים Ruth 1:1 (twice in verse) (compare מוֺשִׁיעִים Obadiah 21); שׁפט, "" מֶלֶךְ 1 Samuel 8:5,6,20; Hosea 7:7; Hosea 13:10; שֹׁפֵט ישׂראל Micah 4:14 (= king); king judges people 1 Kings 3:9 (twice in verse) = 2Chronicles 1:10; 1 Kings 15:5 2Chronicles 26:21; 1:11; absolute 1 Kings 7:7; Isaiah 16:5; "" שׂרים Exodus 2:14 (E) Amos 2:3; Zephaniah 3:3; "" יוֺעַץ Isaiah 1:26; Job 12:17, compare Isaiah 3:2; שֹׁפְטֵי אָרֶץ Isaiah 40:23 ("" רוֺזְנִים), Proverbs 8:16 ("" שׂרים), Psalm 2:10; Psalm 148:11 ("" מלכים); שׁפטינו אשׁר שׁפטונו Daniel 9:12 (twice in verse).

2 specifically decide controversy, discriminate between Persons, in civil, political, domestic and religious questions:

a. of God Psalm 82:1: בֵּיןוּ֗֗֗בֵין ׳שׁ Genesis 16:5 (J; domestic), Judges 11:27 (twice in verse); 1 Samuel 24:13; 1 Samuel 24:16 (all of war), Ezekiel 34:20 (relig.); with בֵּיןלְ֗֗֗ Ezekiel 34:17,22 (religious); with בֵּנֵינוּ Genesis 31:53 (E; domestic), Isaiah 2:4 = Micah 4:3 (of war); with בְּ2Chronicles 20:12 (war); with accusative 1 Kings 8:32 2Chronicles 6:23; Ecclesiastes 3:17, condemning wicked and justifying righteous Job 21:22 ("" ידע), Job 23:7; absolute Exodus 5:21 (J) Job 22:13; צֶדֶק ׳שׁ Jeremiah 11:20; Psalm 9:5; ׳י is שׁוֺפֵט צַדִּיק Psalm 7:12.

b. of man, בֵּיןוּ֗֗֗בֵין ׳שׁ Exodus 18:16 (E) Numbers 35:24 (P) Deuteronomy 1:16 (all civil), Isaiah 5:3 (relig.); with accusative Leviticus 19:15 (H) Deuteronomy 25:1 (all civil), Ezekiel 20:4 (twice in verse); Ezekiel 22:2 (twice in verse); Ezekiel 23:36; מִשְׁמָּט ׳שׁ Deuteronomy 16:18; 1 Kings 3:28 (Solomon); במשׁפטים Ezekiel 44:24, with ל2Chronicles 19:6; absolute Ezekiel 44:24; Isaiah 11:3 (king); influenced by bribes Micah 3:11; Micah 7:3; Job 9:24; Absalom desires to decide cases as שֹׁפֵט 2 Samuel 15:4 (implying lack of such in his time); according to 2 Chronicles 19:5. 6 Jehoshaphat set up שׁפטים, apparently for the first as judges in this specific sense; code of Deuteronomy recognizes them: הַשֹּׁפֵט declares דְּבַר הַמִּשְׁמָּט Deuteronomy 17:9,12; Deuteronomy 25:2; שׁפטים + שֹׁטְרִים Deuteronomy 16:18; 1 Chronicles 23:4; 1 Chronicles 26:29; Joshua 8:33 (+ זְקֵנִים), Joshua 23:2; Joshua 24:1 (D; both + זקנים, רָאשִׁים), + זקנים only Deuteronomy 21:2; Ezra 10:14, + כֹּהֲנִים Deuteronomy 19:17,18, שׂרים2Chronicles 1:2.

3 execute judgment:

a. discriminating, of man only, משׁפט אמת Zechariah 7:9, ׳מֵישָׁרִים שׁ Psalm 58:2 judge uprightly; משׁפט שׁלום Zechariah 8:16, צֶדֶק Proverbs 31:9, עָוֶל Psalm 82:2.

b. vindicating, with accusative: (I) subject God, יתום Psalm 10:18, accusative of person Psalm 26:1; Psalm 43:1; Psalm 58:12 (read שֹׁפְטָם for שׁפטים), משׁפט ׳שׁ Lamentations 3:59; מִיַּד vindicate by delivering from hand of 1 Samuel 24:16; 2 Samuel 18:19,31; שָׁפְטֵנִי כְּ צִדְקִי ׳י Psalm 7:9; שָׁפְטֵנִי כְּ צִדְקְךָ Psalm 35:24. (2) subject man, with accusative יתום Isaiah 1:17,23; דל(יםׅ Isaiah 11:4; Proverbs 29:14; Psalm 82:3; עניי עם Psalm 72:4; משׁפט אביונים Jeremiah 5:28.

c. condemning and punishing, (I) God ׳כְּדַרְכֵי פ according to ways of Ezekiel 7:3,8; Ezekiel 18:30; Ezekiel 24:14; Ezekiel 33:20; Ezekiel 36:19; במשׁפטים Ezekiel 7:27; Ezekiel 23:24; משׁפטי נאפות Ezekiel 16:38 (= Ezekiel 23:45 of human judges); with accusative 1 Samuel 3:13; Psalm 51:5; Ezekiel 11:10,11; Ezekiel 21:35; Ezekiel 35:11. (2) of man, only שֹׁפְטֵי נַפְשׁוֺ Psalm 109:31 and Ezekiel 23:45 above, probably also Psalm 141:6 (corrupt).

d. at theophanic advent for final judgment: God is שֹׁפֵט Psalm 50:6; Psalm 75:8; שׁפט הארץ Psalm 94:2, with accusative בא לשׁפט הארץ Psalm 96:13 = 1 Chronicles 16:33; Psalm 98:9; הארץ ׳שׁ Psalm 82:8; כל הנוים Joel 4:12; עמים Psalm 67:5; תבל Psalm 9:9; Psalm 96:13 = Psalm 98:9; מישׁרים ׳שׁ Psalm 75:3.

Niph`al Perfect1singular נִשְׁמַּטְתִּי Ezekiel 20:36 4t.; Imperfect1singular אִשָּׁפֵט Ezekiel 20:36; אִשָּֽׁפְטָה 1 Samuel 12:7, etc.; Infinitive construct חִשָּׁפֵט2Chronicles 22:8; suffix הִשָּֽׁפְטוֺ Psalm 37:33; Psalm 109:7; Participle נִשְׁמָּט Isaiah 59:4 4t.; —

1 reciprocal, (Ges§ 51d), enter into controversy, plead: with אֵת with, of God Jeremiah 2:35; Ezekiel 17:20; Ezekiel 20:35,36 (twice in verse); Ezekiel 38:22; of man 1 Samuel 12:7 (+ וְאַגִּידָה לָכֶם ᵐ5 We Dr BuHpt Now), Proverbs 29:9; with עִם, of God Joel 4:2, of man 2Chronicles 22:8; with ל, of God Jeremiah 25:31; יחד ׳נשׁ Isaiah 43:26 have controversy together; באשׁ by fire (of God) Isaiah 66:16; באמונה Isaiah 59:4.

2 passive be judged, Psalm 9:20; Psalm 37:33; Psalm 109:7.

Pô`el Participle suffix מְשֹׁפְטִי (dubious; Hi Bu מִשְׁמָּטִי), = my apponent-at-law (Ges§ 55b) Job 9:15; + Zf Job 3:15; Psalm 109:31 We and others

[שְׁפַט] verb judge (Biblical Hebrew שָׁפַט); — Participle as plural noun absolute שָֽׁפְמִין Ezra 7:25 judges.

שַׁמִּיר see שׁפר. below



Strong's
avenge, that condemn, contend, defend, execute judgment, be a judgment

A primitive root; to judge, i.e. Pronounce sentence (for or against); by implication, to vindicate or punish; by extenssion, to govern; passively, to litigate (literally or figuratively) -- + avenge, X that condemn, contend, defend, execute (judgment), (be a) judge(-ment), X needs, plead, reason, rule.

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