1. to stake, drive down stakes: Thucydides 7, 25, 6 (here οἱ Συρακοσιοι ἐσταύρωσαν, which the Scholiast renders σταυρους κατέπηξαν).

2. to fortify with driven stakes, to palisade: a place, Thucydides 6, 100; Diodorus

3. to crucify (Vulg.crucifigo): τινα,

a. properly: Matthew 20:19; Matthew 23:34; Matthew 26:2; Matthew 27:22,(),; ; Mark 15:13-15, 20, 24f, 27; Mark 16:6; Luke 23:21, 23, 33; Luke 24:7, 20; John 19:6, 10, 15f, 18, 20, 23, 41; Acts 2:36; Acts 4:10; 1 Corinthians 1:13, 23; 1 Corinthians 2:2,(8); 2 Corinthians 13:4; Galatians 3:1; Revelation 11:8 (Additions to Esther 8:13 (34) [Esther 8:348:12r]; for תָּלָה, to hang, Esther 7:9. Polybius 1, 86, 4; Josephus, Antiquities 2, 5, 4; 17, 10, 10; Artemidorus Daldianus, oneir. 2, 53 and 56; in native Greek writings ἀνασταυρουν is more common).

b. metaphorically: τήν σάρκα, to crucify the flesh, destroy its power utterly (the nature of the figure implying that the destruction is attended with intense pain (but note the aorist)), Galatians 5:24; ἐσταύρωμαι τίνι, and ἐσταύρωται μοι τί, I have been crucified to something and it has been crucified to me, so that we are dead to each other all fellowship and contact between us has ceased, Galatians 6:14. (Compare: ἀνασταυρόω, σὑν᾿σταυρόω.)