1. in Attic "just now, this moment (German gerade,eben), marking something begun or finished even now, just before the time in which we are speaking" (Lobeck ad Phryn., p. 20): Matthew 9:18; 1 Thessalonians 3:6, and perhaps Revelation 12:10.

2. according to later Greek usage universally, now, at this time; opposed to past time: John 9:19, 25; John 13:33; 1 Corinthians 16:7; Galatians 1:9f, opposed to future time: John 13:37; John 16:12, 31; 2 Thessalonians 2:7; opposed to future time subsequent to the return of Christ: 1 Corinthians 13:12; 1 Peter 1:6, 8. of present time most closely limited, at this very time, this moment: Matthew 3:15; Matthew 26:53; John 13:7; Galatians 4:20. ἄχρι τῆς ἄρτι ὥρας, 1 Corinthians 4:11; ἕως ἄρτι, hitherto; until now, up to this time: Matthew 11:12; John 2:10; John 5:17; John 16:24; 1 Corinthians 4:13; 1 Corinthians 8:7; 1 Corinthians 15:6; 1 John 2:9. ἀπ' ἄρτι, see ἀπαρτί above. Cf. Lobeck ad Phryn., p. 18ff; (Rutherford, New Phryn., p. 70f). [SYNONYMS: ἄρτι, ἤδη, νῦν: Roughly speaking, it may be said that ἄρτι just now, even now, properly marks time closely connected with the present; later, strictly present time (see above, and compare in English just now i. e. a moment ago, and just now (emphatic) i. e. at this precise time). νῦν now, marks a definite point (or period) of time, the (object) immediate present. ἤδη now (already) with a suggested reference to some other time or to some expectation, the subjective present (i. e. so regarded by the writer). ἤδη and ἄρτι are associated in 2 Thessalonians 2:7; νῦν, and ἤδη in 1 John 4:3. See Küfhner §§ 498, 499; Bäumlein, Partikeln, p. 138ff; Ellicott on 1 Thessalonians 3:6; 2 Timothy 4:6.]