אָב₁₁₉₁ noun masculine father (Phoenician אב, Assyrian abu, Arabic , Sabean אב CIS^{iv, 1, 37 1. 2} and others, Ethiopic Aramaic אַבָּא, — absolute אָב Genesis 44:19 47t.; construct אַב Genesis 17:4,5; (compare in אַבְרָהָם ib. & elsewhere in proper names. On Hal's proposed אֲבִר see אברהם); אֲבִי (compare Ge^{§§ 90, 3b, 96}) Genesis 4:20 +; suffix אָבִי Genesis 19:34 + (MI אבי); אָבִיךָ Genesis 12:1 +; אָבִיו Genesis 2:24 +; אָבִ֫יהוּ Judges 14:10 + 6t.; plural אָבוֺת Exodus 12:3 +; construct אֲבוֺת Exodus 6:25 7t.; suffix אֲבוֺתַי (אֲבֹתַי, אֲבוֺתָ֑י) Genesis 47:9 15t.; אֲבוֺתֵיהֶם 1 Chronicles 4:38 32t. (late); אֲבוֺתָם Exodus 4:5 106t. etc.; —

1 father of individual Genesis 2:24 (+ אֵם) Genesis 11:28,29 (twice in verse); Genesis 19:31,32,33, + often (mostly J E D); of father as commanding Genesis 50:16 (J) Jeremiah 35:6 f Proverbs 6:20 (compare Genesis 18:19; J Genesis 28:1,6 P 1 Samuel 17:20; 1 Kings 2:1); instructing מוסר Proverbs 1:8; Proverbs 4:1 (compare Deuteronomy 8:5); specifically as begetter, genitor Proverbs 23:22; Zechariah 13:3 (twice in verse) (+ אֵם) Isaiah 45:10; compare Genesis 49:4 (J) Leviticus 18:7,8,11 (P); rebuking Genesis 37:10; loving Genesis 37:4; Genesis 44:20 (J E; compare Genesis 22:2; Genesis 25:28; Genesis 37:3; 2 Samuel 14:1); pitying Psalm 103:13 (in simile compare 2 Samuel 18:5); blessing Genesis 27:41 (J E compare Genesis 27:4; also Genesis 28:1 P +); as glad Proverbs 10:1; Proverbs 15:20; compare Proverbs 29:3; grieving Genesis 37:35 (J E; compare 2 Samuel 12:22; 2 Samuel 19:1; 2 Samuel 19:2 f) etc. Also as object of honour, obedience, love Exodus 20:12 (E) = Deuteronomy 5:16; Exodus 21:15,17 (E) Deuteronomy 21:18,19; Genesis 28:7 (P) 1 Kings 19:20 (all + אֵם), 1Ki 50:1; 1Ki 50:5 (J) Malachi 1:6 etc. Hence metaphor of intimate connection Job 17:14 to corruption I cry, My father art thou ("" אִמִּי וַאֲחֹתִי לָֽרִמָּה).

2 of God as father of his people (see RS^{Sem 42}), who constituted, controls, guides and lovingly watches over it: Deuteronomy 32:6; Jeremiah 3:4,19; Jeremiah 31:9; Isaiah 63:16 (twice in verse); Isaiah 64:7; Malachi 1:6; Malachi 2:10 (compare Exodus 4:22; Exodus 19:4 (JE) Deuteronomy 32:11; Hosea 11:1); compare Jeremiah 2:27 (of idolatrous Israel) אֹמְרִים לָעֵץ אָבִי אַתָּה וְלָאֶבֶן אַתְּ ילדתני׃; especially God as father of Davidic line 2 Samuel 7:14; Psalm 89:27; f. of needy (late) Psalm 68:6 (compare Psalm 103:13) (in proper name, f. of individual, compare below)

3 head of household, family or clan; בֵּית אָבִי as abode Genesis 38:11 (twice in verse); Leviticus 22:13 +; = family Genesis 24:40 ("" מִשְׁמַּחְתִּי) Genesis 41:51; Genesis 46:31 #NAME? Numbers 18:1,2; Joshua 2:12,18; Joshua 6:25; especially techn. of divisions of Israel בֵּית אָב לְמִשְׁמָּחוֺת Numbers 3:30,35 = a father's house, i.e. a family or clan; more often plural (אבותם, אבותיו) בֵית אָבוֺת = father's houses = families, clans (compare Di on Exodus 6:14) Exodus 6:14; Exodus 12:3; Numbers 1:2,18 ff (often in Numbers) Joshua 14:1; Joshua 19:51; Joshua 21:1 (twice in verse); Joshua 22:14 (twice in verse) (always P in Hexateuch); also 1 Chronicles 5:13,15 + often in Chronicles; compare רָאשֵׁי אבות הלוים (= ׳בית א ׳ר) Exodus 6:25 compare 1 Kings 8:1; 1 Chronicles 6:4; 1 Chronicles 7:11 #NAME? Ezra Nehemiah.

4 ancestor (

a) of individual; grandfather (instead of precise term) Genesis 28:13; Genesis 32:10 (J; where used by Jacob of Abraham & then of Isaac); greatgrandfather 1 Kings 15:13; great-greatgrandfather 1 Kings 15:11 etc.; oft plural (= fathers, forefathers) Genesis 15:15; Genesis 46:34 (JE) 1 Kings 19:4; 1 Kings 21:3,4; 2 Kings 19:12; 2 Kings 20:17 +; particularly שׁכב עם אבותיו 1 Kings 1:21; 1 Kings 2:10; 1 Kings 11:21; 1 Kings 22:40 +; joined with ׳ויקבר עם אב 1 Kings 14:31; 1 Kings 15:24; 1 Kings 22:51; 2 Kings 8:24; 2 Kings 15:38 compare 2 Kings 15:7, 2 Kings 16:20 + (all of kings of Judah); intensive, אֲבֹתֶיךָ וַאֲבוֺת אֲבֹתֶיךָ Exodus 10:6 compare Daniel 11:24; (

b) of people Genesis 10:21 (J) Genesis 17:4,5 (P) Genesis 19:37,38 (J) Genesis 36:9,43 (P) Deuteronomy 26:5; Isaiah 51:2; Isaiah 43:27 (where אביך הראשׁון thy first father, see Che) compare also Ezekiel 16:3,45 + often; plural Exodus 3:13,15,16 (E) Deuteronomy 1:8; Joshua 1:6; Judges 2:1; 1 Samuel 12:6 +; 1 Samuel 12:15 near the end read וּבְמַלְכְּכֶם ᵐ5 We Dr.

5 originator or patron of a class, profession, or art Genesis 4:20,21.

6 figurative of producer, Generator Job 38:28 הֲיֵשׁ לַמָּטָר אָ֑ב ("" הוֺלִיד אֶגְלֵיטָֽֿל׃ מִיֿ).

7 figurative of benevolence & protection Job 29:6 אָב אָֽנֹכִי לָֽאֶבְיוֺנִים, compare Job 31:18; of Eliakim Isaiah 22:21; perhaps also of gracious Messianic king אֲבִי עַד Isaiah 9:5 everlasting father (Ge Ew De Che Brd Di) — others divider of spoil (Abarb Hi Kn Kue Br^MP).

8 term of respect & honour (Abbas, Pater, Papa, Pope); applied to master 2 Kings 5:13; priest Judges 17:10; Judges 18:19; prophet 2 Kings 2:12 (twice in verse); 2 Kings 6:21; 2 Kings 13:14 (twice in verse); compare 2 Kings 8:9; counsellor Genesis 45:8 (E; compare δευτέρου πατρός ᵐ5 add. Esther 3:13; τῷ πατρί1Mac Esth 11:32); king 1 Samuel 24:12; artificer 2Chron 2:12; 2 Chronicles 4:16.

9 specifically, ruler, chief (late) 1 Chronicles 2:24,42 (twice in verse); etc. (compare Ew^{§ 273 b}) see also Ew^{Geschichte. i. 524. H i. 365}. On the force of אָב in proper names (in many probably a divine title), see Che^{Ency. Bib., ABI, NAMES WITH} Nö^{ib., NAMES, §§ 44, 45}.

א, Aleph, first letter; in post Biblical Hebrew = numeral 1 (and so in margin of printed MT); א֟ = 1000; no evidence of this usage in OT times.

אָב see II. אבה.

אבב (fresh, bright, Assyrian abâbu Dl^w, AGI.)