I. [הָלַל] verb shine (according to Thes and others= II. הלל (splenduit, from sonuit acute, clare, so Thes; these meanings, however, merely assumed); but see Lag^{Or. ii. 19 & below following}; compare Arabic begin to shine, new moon; Assyrian êllu, bright COT^Gloss) —

Qal only Infinitive suffix בְּהִלּוֺ נֵרוֺ עֲלֵי ראֹשִׁי Job 29:3 when it, namely his lamp, shone upon my head (compare Ew^{§ 309 c}), figurative of God's favour.

Hiph`il Imperfect יָהֵל Job 31:26, 3feminine singular תָּהֶל Job 41:10; 3masculine plural יָהֵ֫לּוּ Isaiah 13:10; — flash forth light, of heavenly bodies, אוֺר = sun Job 31:26 ("" יָרֵחַ יָקָר הֹלֵךְ); followed by accusative of congnate meaning with verb כּוֺכְבֵי הַשָּׁמַיִם וּכְּסִילֵיהֶם לֹא יָהֵלּוּ אוֺרָם Isaiah 13:10 ("" חָשַׁךְ הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ, & יָרֵחַ לֹאיַֿגִּיהַּ אוֺרוֺ); also of crocodile עֲטִישֹׁתָיו תָּ֫הֶל אוֺר Job 41:10 his sneezings flash forth light (shining water-drops).

II. [הָלַל] verb be boastful,

Pi`el praise (Arabic shout, both in joy & (if conjecture of Nö RS be right, see citation below) in terror; especially II. in formula of worship; Syriac Pa`el cecinit, laudavit; compare Late Hebrew הִלּוּל praise, הַלֵּל id., Hallel (Psalm 113-118); Aramaic הִילּוּלָא marriage-song, &c.; on Assyrian alâlu, shout for joy, rejoice see Lyon^{Sargontexte 66 (Cylinder. 1. 36)} also Winckler^{Sargontexte 134, 1. 194; 156. 1. 149} KB^{44. 1. 36; 80. 1. 194}; all variations of cry aloud, compare Nö^{ZMG 1887, 723} RS^{Semitic 411}; perhaps originally break through, or out (in a cry), compare We^{Skizzen iii. 107 ff., especially 109}; compare also (according to Prät^{BAS i. 369 f.}) Ethiopic implore (compare Amharic, Tigrinya), & swear) —

Qal Imperfect2masculine plural תָּהֹ֑לּוּ Psalm 75:5; Participle הוֺלֲלִים Psalm 5:6 2t.; — be boastful אַלתָּֿהֹ֑לּוּ Psalm 75:5 ("" אַלֿ (תָּרִימוּקָ֑רֶן); Participle boastful ones, boasters Psalm 5:6 ("" מֹּעֲלֵי אָוֶן); Psalm 73:3; Psalm 75:5 (both "" רְשָׁעִים).

Pi`el Perfect הִלֵּל Psalm 10:3, 1singular suffix הִלַּלְתִּיךָ Psalm 119:164; 3masculine plural וְהִלֲלן consecutive Isaiah 62:9, suffix הִלֲלוּךָ Isaiah 64:10. etc.; Imperfect יְהַלֶּלֿ Psalm 63:6; Psalm 102:19; suffix יְהַלֶּלְךָ Proverbs 27:2, יְהַלֲלֶ֑ךָּ Isaiah 38:18, וַיְהַלֲלָהּ Proverbs 31:38: 1singular אֲהַלֵּל Psalm 56:5 2t., cohortative אֲהַלֲלָה Psalm 69:31 2t., etc.; Imperative feminine singular הַלֲלִי Psalm 146:1; Psalm 147:12; masculine plural הַלְלוּ Psalm 104:35 30t. Psalm + Jeremiah 20:13; Jeremiah 31:7; suffix הַלֲלוּ֫הוּ Psalm 22:24 15t. Psalms; Infinitive absolute הַלֵּל 1 Chronicles 16:36; construct הַלֵּל 2 Samuel 14:25 16t. Chronicles; Participle plural מְהַלֲלִים 1 Chronicles 23:5 4t. Chronicles; —

1 praise man or woman, accusative וַיְהַלֲלוּ אֹתָהּ אֶלמַּֿרְעֹה Genesis 12:15 (J) and they praised her to Pharaoh, compare Proverbs 27:2; Proverbs 31:28,31; Songs 6:9; וְהַמְהַלֲלִים אֶתהַֿמֶּלָךְ2Chronicles 23:12 and those praising (shouting acclamations to) the king; see also לְהַלֵּל מְאֹד 2 Samuel 14:25 (of Absalom's beauty); in bas sense עֹזְבֵי תוֺרָה יְהַלֲלוּ רָשָׁע Proverbs 28:4 deserters of law praise a wicked man.

2 usually praise אֱלֹהִים, ׳י etc.;

a. followed by accusative of heathen god Judges 16:24.

b. object ׳(אֱלֹהִים) י; Psalm 119:164 (עַל on account of), subject heaven, earth, seas, etc., Psalm 69:35; תְּחִי נַפְשִׁי ותְהַלֲלֶךָּ Psalm 119:175; in summons to all creatures to praise Psalm 148:5; Psalm 148:13; Isaiah 38:18 לֹא שְׁאוֺל תּוֺדֶךָּ מָוֶת יְהַלֲלֶ֑ךָּ (compare Psalm 115:17); often of Public worship in sanctuary, Isaiah 62:9 (thanks giving in sanctuary after harvest), compare Isaiah 64:10; Psalm 22:23 ("" אֲסַמְּרָה שִׁמְךָ), Psalm 22:27; Psalm 35:18; Psalm 109:30 (both "" אוֺדְךָ) Psalm 107:32 ("" יְרוֺמֲמוּהוּ) Psalm 84:5, see also Psalm 146:2 ("" ׳אֲזַמְּרָה לֵא) Psalm 149:3 (with בְּ instrumental; "" יְזַמְּרוּ לוֺ); also object ׳שֵׁם י (in some cases of public worship) Psalm 74:21; Psalm 148:5; Joel 2:26 (thanksgiving after harvest); שֵׁםאֱֿלֹהִים בְּשִׁיר Psalm 69:31 ("" וִאֲגַדְּלֶנּוּ בְתוֺדָה), Psalm 145:2 ("" אֲבָֽרֲכֶ֑ךָּ); further, Psalm 56:5 בֵּאלֹהִים אֲהַלֵּל דְּבָרוֺ, also Psalm 56:11 + Psalm 56:11b ׳ביהוה וגו, but compare Hup Che on 11:b as editorial addition; object not expressed אֶתעַֿמְּךָ ׳הַשְׁמִיעוּ הַלֲלוּ וְאִמְרוּ הוֺשַׁע י Jeremiah 31:7, וְשִׂפְתֵי רְנָנוֺת יְהַלֶּלמִּֿי Psalm 63:6.

c. use of Imperative deserves special notice: הַלֲלוּהוּ Psalm 22:24 ("" כַּבְּדוּהוּ; of temple-worship compare Psalm 22:23; Psalm 22:25); also in summons to angles, sun, moon, etc. (all created things) to praise ׳י Psalm 148:2 (twice in verse); Psalm 148:3 (twice in verse); Psalm 148:4; Psalm 150:1; of temple-worship Psalm 150:2 (בְּ on account of) Psalm 150:2 (כְּ), Psalm 150:3; Psalm 150:3; Psalm 150:4; Psalm 150:4; Psalm 150:5; Psalm 150:5 (all with בְּ instrumental); further Jeremiah 20:13 ("" ׳שִׁירוּ לי), ׳הַלֲלוּ אֶתיֿ Psalm 117:1 (addressed to nations, "" שַׁבְּחוּהוּ), Psalm 148:7 (created things), חַלֲלִי אֱלֹהַיִךְ צִיּוֺן Psalm 147:12 ("" שַׁבְּחִי יְרוּשָׁלַםִ ׳אֶתיֿ).

d. note especially: praise ye yah! הַלֲלויָֿהּ Psalm 135:3, liturgical ("" זַמְּרוּ לִשְׁמוֺ); elsewhere always one word see Baer^{Psalm p.115}, & always at beginning or end of Psalm (chiefly late), apparently liturgical; הַלֲלוּיָהֿ֑ Psalm 104:35 ("" ׳בָּֽרְכִי נַפְשִׁי אֶתיֿ), elsewhere ׃הַלֲלוּיָהּ (I) at beginning Psalm 106:1; Psalm 111:1 (both "" הודה) Psalm 112:1; Psalm 113:1 ("" הַלֲלוּ & ׳אֶתשֵֿׁם י ׳ה), Psalm 135:1 ("" id.), Psalm 146:1 ("" ׳הַלֲלִי נַפְשִׁי אֶתיֿ), Psalm 147:1 (followed by זַמְּרָה in clause with כִּי), Psalm 148:1 ("" ׳הַלֲלוּ אֶתיֿ, הַלֲלוּהוּ), Psalm 149:1 ("" ׳שִׁירוּ לי), Psalm 150:1 ("" הַלֲלוּאֵֿל, הַלֲלוּהוּ); (2) at end Psalm 104:35 (above), Psalm 105:45; Psalm 106:48; Psalm 113:9; Psalm 115:18 ("" נְבָרֵךְ יָהּ), Psalm 116:19; Psalm 117:2; Psalm 135:21 ("" ׳בָּרוּךְ י) Psalm 146:10; Psalm 147:20; Psalm 148:14; Psalm 149:9; Psalm 150:6 ("" כֹּל הַנְּשָׁמָה תְּהַלֵּל יָהּ); add to these (not liturgical) יְהַלֶּליָֿהּ Psalm 102:19, כֹּל נְשָׁמָה תְּהַלֵּל יָהּ Psalm 150:6, לֹא הַמֵּתִים יְהַלֲלויָֿהּ Psalm 115:17.

e. also followed by ליהוה, in Chronicles, of technical Levitical function (compare Lag^{Or.ii.16 ff.}, who limits this technical הלל to priests, using חֲצֹצְרוֺת, for a signal to the people; see e.g. Nehemiah 12:24 compare Nehemiah 12:27), 1 Chronicles 16:4 (with instrumental music, compare בִּכְלֵי כְבָלִים וּבְכִנֹּרוֺת & בַּמְצִלְתַּיִ ם, all 1 Chronicles 16:5, and Nehemiah 12:27) 1 Chronicles 23:30; 1 Chronicles 25:3 (all "" הוֺדוֺת); exercised (apparently) by both priests and Levites Ezra 3:11 ("" הֹדוֺת) compare Ezra 3:11; by Levites 2Chronicles 20:19 (בְּקֹל גָּדוֺל), 2 Chronicles 29:30 (בְּדִבְרֵי דָוִיד) in which the people also joined 1 Chronicles 16:36; also 2Chronicles 5:13 (בַּחֲצֹצְרוֺת וּבִמְצִלְתַּיִם וּבִכְלֵי הַשִּׁיר compare also 2 Chronicles 5:12; "" הֹדוֺת, 2 Chronicles 5:13 apparently of Levites & priests), בַּכֵּלִים ׳מְהַלֲלִים לי 1 Chronicles 23:5 (Levites) compare 2 Chronicles 30:21 (Levites & priests ׳בִּכְלֵי עֹז לי); followed by לְשֵׁם תִּפְאַרְתֶּ֑ךָ 1 Chronicles 29:13 ("" מוֺדִים; David speaks in name of people); followed by לְהַדְרַתקֹֿ֑דֶשׁ2Chronicles 20:11 (before the army; "" ׳מְשֹׁרֲרִים לי; probably of Levites, compare 2 Chronicles 20:19).

f. followed by accusative ׳י Ezra 3:10 (priests & Levites: עַליְֿדֵי דָּוִיד), Nehemiah 5:13 (people).

g. other forms, with like technical sense, but absolute: לְהַלֵּל לְהוֺדוֺת בְּמִצְוַת דָּוִיד Nehemiah 12:24 (Levites) compare 1 Chronicles 23:5; 2Chronicles 8:14; 29:30 (עַדלְֿשִׂמְחָה) 2 Chronicles 31:2 (apparently priests & Levites; ׳בְּשַׁעֲדֵי מַחֲנוֺת י; "" לְשָׁרֵת וּלְהֹוֺדוֺת); see also מוֺדִיעִים לְהַלֵּל2Chronicles 23:13 ("" מְשׁוֺרֲרִים בִּכְלֵי הַשִּׁיר בְּהַלֵּל דָּוִיד בְּיָדָם ). 2 Chronicles 7:6 ("" הֹדוֺת ליהוּה)

3 apparently boast, male one's boast compare Qal 2 (followed by בְּ in, of), בֵּאלֹהִים Psalm 44:9 ("" שִׁמְךָ לְעוֺלָם נוֺדֶה); so according to most, in bad sense, רָשָׁע עַלתַּֿאֲוַת נַפְשׁוֺ ׳ה Psalm 10:3 a wicked man boasteth of the desire of his soul, but Che praiseth (׳י) for (i.e. in a mercenary spirit).

Pu`al Perfect3plural הוּלָּ֑לוּ Psalm 78:63; Imperfect יְהֻלַּלֿ Proverbs 12:8; Participle מְהֻלָּל 2 Samuel 22:4 6t.; feminine הַהֻלָּ֑לָה Ezekiel 26:17 (compare Ol^{§ 250 c} Sta^{§ 220, 617 b}; ᵑ0, however, accents as Perfect, regarding הַ as = relative, see sta:§ 176 c Ges^{§ 52}. 2, R. 6); — be praised,

1 human subject be praised, commended Proverbs 12:18 (opposed to יִהְיֶה לָבוּז); of maidens, praised, celebrated (in song) Psalm 78:63; participle (see above) of city, renowned Ezekiel 26:17.

2 of ׳י only participle = gerundive, to be praised, worthy of praise 2 Samuel 22:4 = Psalm 18:4; מְאֹד ׳וּמְה ׳גָּדוֺל י Psalm 48:2; Psalm 96:4 = 1 Chronicles 16:25; Psalm 145:3; so ׳שֵׁם י ׳מְה Psalm 113:3.

Hithpa. Imperfect יִתְהַלֵּל 1 Kings 20:11 5t.; יִתְהַלָּ֑ל Proverbs 20:14; 3feminine singular תִּתְּהַלֵּל Psalm 34:3, תִּתְּהַלָּ֑ל Proverbs 31:30; 2masculine singular תִּתְהַלֵּל Psalm 52:3; Proverbs 27:1; תִּתְהַלָּ֑ל Isaiah 41:16; 2feminine singular תִּתְהַלֲלִי Jeremiah 49:4; 3masculine plural יִתְהַלֲלוּ Psalm 64:11; Isaiah 45:25; יִתְהַלָּ֑לוּ Isaiah 49:7; Jeremiah 4:2; Imperative masculine plural הִתְהַלֲלוּ 1 Chronicles 16:10; Psalm 105:3; Infinitive לְהִתְהַלֵּל Psalm 106:5; Participle מִתְהַלֵּל Proverbs 25:14; Jeremiah 9:23; plural מִתְהַלֲלִים Psalm 97:7; — glory, boast, make one's boast: —

1 of self-confident boasting, absolute 1 Kings 20:11 compare Proverbs 20:14; followed by בְּ of ground of boast Jeremiah 9:22 (3 t. in verse); Jeremiah 49:4; Psalm 49:7; Psalm 52:3; Proverbs 25:14, אַלתִּֿתְהַלֵּל בְּיוֺם מָחָר Proverbs 27:1; of glorying in idols הַמִּתְהַלֲלִים בָּאֱלִלִים Psalm 97:7.

2 of glorying, making one's boast in (בְּ, on the ground of) ׳תִּתְהַלֵּל ׃י ׳בי נַפְשִׁי Psalm 34:3, compare Isaiah 45:25; Jeremiah 4:2 ("" וְהִתְבָּֽרְכוּ בוֺ); followed by בִּקְדוֺשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל Isaiah 41:16; see also Psalm 105:3 = 1 Chronicles 16:10 followed by ) בְּשֵׁם קָדְשׁוֺ "" ׳(יִשְׂמַה לֵב מְבַקְשֵׁי י, compare further Jeremiah 9:23; less often absolute Jeremiah 9:23; Psalm 63:12; Psalm 64:11 & 106:5 followed by עִםנַֿחֲלָתֶ֑ךָ together with thine heritage ("" לִשְׂמֹהַ בְּשִׂמְהַת גּוֶֺ י֑ךָ).

3 once, late = passive be praised, commended, of God-fearing woman Proverbs 31:30.

Po`el Imperfect יְהוֺלֵל Isaiah 44:25 2t.; — make into a fool, make fool of, object שֹׁפְטִים Job 12:17 (subject ׳י; "" מוֺלִיךְ יוֺעֲצִים שׁוֺלָ֑ל); object קֹסְמִים Isaiah 44:25 (subject ׳י "" מֵפֵר אֹתוֺת בַּדִּים; object הָכָם Ecclesiastes 7:7 (subject הָעשֶׁק; "" וִיאַבֵּד אֶתלֵֿב מַתָּנָה).

Po`al Participle לִשְׂהוֺק אָמַרְתִּי מְהוֺלָ֑ל Ecclesiastes 2:2 of laughter I said, It is mad (folly); מְהוֺלָלַי Psalm 102:9 those mad against me ("" אוֺיְבָ֑י).

Hithpo`el Imperfect וַיִּתְהֹלֵל 1 Samuel 21:14; 3masculine plural יִתְהֹלֲלוּ Jeremiah 51:7, יִתְהוֺלֲלוּ Nahum 2:5, יִתְהֹלֶ֑לוּ Jeremiah 50:38; Imperative masculine plural הִתְהֹלֲלוּ Jeremiah 49:9, הִתְהֹלָ֑לוּ Jeremiah 25:16; — act madly, or like a madman, וַיִּתְהֹלֵל בְּיָדָם 1 Samuel 21:14 (of David) and he acted like a madman in their hands; of idolatrous worship by Chaldeans ׳וּבָאֵימִים יִתְה Jeremiah 50:38; of nations, as drunken men, figurative of terror at Yahweh's judgements, Jeremiah 25:16 ("" הִתְגֹּעֲשׁוּ) Jeremiah 51:7; also of madly driving & jolting chariots Nahum 2:5; Jeremiah 46:9.