Qal Perfect Leviticus 13:3 13t.; וְהָפַךְ consecutive 2 Kings 21:13; Job 34:25; 3masculine plural הָֽפְכוּ Psalm 78:9; הֲפַכְתֶּם Amos 6:12; Jeremiah 23:36, etc.; Imperfect יַהֲפֹךְ Lamentations 3:3; Jeremiah 13:23; וַיַּהֲפֹךְ Genesis 19:25 6t.; וַיַּהֲפָךְֿ 1 Samuel 10:9; suffix וַיַּהַפְכֵהוּ Judges 7:13; 3feminine singular וַתַּהֲפֹךְ2Chronicles 9:12; אֶהְמֹּךְ Zephaniah 3:9; וַיַּהַפְכוּ 1 Samuel 25:12; Job 12:15; Imperative הֲפֹךְ 1 Kings 22:34 2Chronicles 18:33; Infinitive absolute הָפוֺךְ Proverbs 12:7; construct הֲפֹךְ Genesis 19:29; 1 Chronicles 19:3; suffix הָפְכִּי Genesis 19:21; הָפְכָהּ 2 Samuel 10:3; — on הַפְכְּכֶם (so Baer, q. v.) Isaiah 29:16, see הֶפֶךְ; Participle active הֹפֵךְ Amos 5:8; הַהֹפְכִי Psalm 114:8; plural הַהֹפְכִים Amos 5:7; passive הֲפוּכָה Hosea 7:8; Lamentations 4:6. — 1 transitive

a. turn, turn about, turn over, with accusative: e.g. turn the back (עֹרֶף) Joshua 7:8 (JE); a dish (צַלַּחַת) עַלמָּֿנֶיהָ 2 Kings 21:13; the hand, & so the horses of a chariot 1 Kings 22:34 2Chronicles 18:33; 2 Kings 9:23; but also (followed by בְּ) of hostility Lamentations 3:3; turn a cake (passive) Hosea 7:8; of ׳י, שָׂפָה בְּרוּרָה ׳ה Zephaniah 3:9 i.e. restore speech of a pure kind, followed by אֶלעַֿמִּים; לֵב אַחֵר 1 Samuel 10:9 another heart, followed by לוֺ; turn a wind (רוּחַ; i.e. bring from different quarter) Exodus 10:19 (J).

b. overturn, overthrow, followed by accusative Sodom, etc., Genesis 19:21,25,29 (J), Deuteronomy 29:22; Jeremiah 20:16; Lamentations 4:6 (compare ׳מַהְמֵּכַת וגו Amos 4:11 see below; also הֲפֵכָה, [מַהְמֵּכָה]); city of Ammon 2 Samuel 10:3 = 1 Chronicles 19:3 (object omitted); mountains Job 9:5; Job 28:9; throne Haggai 2:22 ("" הִשְׁמִיד), chariots Haggai 2:22; tent (אֹהֶל), לְמַ֫עְלָה ׳ה Judges 7:3; object earth (׳ה = devastate) Job 12:15; wicked men Amos 4:11 (יֲמֹרָה הָפַכְּתִּי בָּכֶם כְּמַהְמֵּכַת אֱלֹהִים אֶתסְֿדֹם וְאֶתֿ) Proverbs 12:7; Job 34:25 (object omitted).

c. turn = change, transform (1) followed by accusative = alter; a colour (עֵינוֺ) Leviticus 13:55 (P); skin Jeremiah 13:33; bed (מִשְׁכָּבוֺ see ׳מ; Che his lying down) Psalm 41:4 i.e. restore to health; (2) pervert דִבְרֵי אֱלֹהִים Jeremiah 23:36; (3) followed by accusative with Infinitive Psalm 105:25 he turned their heart to hate his people; (4) turn to, into, followed by two accusative Leviticus 13:10; Psalm 114:8 rock into pool of water; usually followed by accusative + לְ, Psalm 66:6 sea into dry land, Psalm 78:44 rivers into blood, compare Psalm 105:29; Jeremiah 31:13 mourning into joy, so Psalm 30:12; Amos 5:7 justice into wormwood, compare Amos 6:12; Amos 8:10 feasts into mourning; Deuteronomy 23:6 = Nehemiah 13:2 curse into blessing; Amos 5:8 death-shade into morning.

2 intransitive

a. turn, turn back, Judges 20:39,41; 2 Kings 5:26; Psalm 78:9; 2Chronicles 9:12; followed by לדרך 1 Samuel 25:12;

b. turn = change, change into, followed by predicate adjective לָבָן ׳ה turn white Leviticus 13:3,4,13,20 (all P).

Niph`al Perfect נֶהְמַּךְ Exodus 7:15 10t.; נֶהְמָּ֑ךְ Job 20:14; וְנֶהְמַּךְ consecutive Leviticus 13:16; נֶהֶפְכָה Lamentations 5:2; 3masculine plural נֶהְמְּכוּ Job 19:19 3t., נֶהֶפְכוּ 1 Samuel 4:19; Daniel 10:16, וְנֶהֶפְכוּ consecutive Exodus 7:17; Isaiah 34:9, etc.; Imperfect יֵהָפֵךְ Isaiah 60:5; Joel 3:4; וַיֵּהָפֵךְ Exodus 14:5; Isaiah 63:10; 2masculine singular תֵּהָפֵךְ Job 30:21; Ezekiel 4:8; וַיֵּהָֽפְכוּ Exodus 7:20; Infinitive absolute נַהֲפוֺךְ Esther 9:1; Participle נֶהְמָּךְ Proverbs 17:20; נֶהְמָּ֑כֶת Jonah 3:4; —

1 reflexive & intrans.

a. turn oneself, turn, turn back (compare Qal 2 a) Joshua 8:20 (JE); turn aside Psalm 78:57; turn from side to side Ezekiel 4:8; pains turned upon (עַל) her 1 Samuel 4:19 (i.e. came suddenly upon her) compare Daniel 10:16; turn against followed by בְּ Job 19:19; turn to (ward), followed by עַל, Isaiah 60:5 ("" בא לְ).

b. turn = change (oneself) followed by predicate adjective Leviticus 13:25 (P); followed by predicate noun (?), vine turns into degenerate plant Jeremiah 2:21; no predicate expressed Job 20:14 (compare v^b); of heart turned in compassion Hosea 11:8 ("" נִכְמְרוּ נִחוּמָ֑י), in sorrow, distress, Lamentations 1:20; of heart changed, so as to be favourably disposed toward (followed by אֶל) Exodus 14:5 (J) = change of mind; followed by לְ, of plague spots changing colour Leviticus 13:16,17 (P); rod changing to serpent Exodus 7:15 (P); faces to paleness Jeremiah 30:6; dance to mourning Lamentations 5:15; comeliness to corruption Daniel 10:8; וַיֵּהָפֵךְ לָהֶם לְאוֺיֵב Isaiah 63:10; Job 30:21.

c. be perverse, only participle used substantive נֶהְמָּךְ בִּלְשׁוֺנוֺ Proverbs 17:20 he that is perverse with his tongue. 2 passive,

a. be turned, turned over to followed by לְ, an inheritance to strangers Lamentations 5:2.

b. be reversed Esther 9:1.

c. be turned, changed, followed by לְ, waters into blood Exodus 7:17,20 (E); Saul into another man 1 Samuel 10:6; streams into pitch Isaiah 34:9; sun to darkness Joel 3:4; stones to chaff Job 41:20; month changed from sorrow to gladness Esther 9:22; compare Psalm 32:4 where complement omitted

d. be overturned, overthrown, of city Nineveh Jonah 3:4.

e. be upturned, of subterran. work of miners Job 28:5 = there is an upturning.

Hithpa`el Imperfect3feminine singular תִּתְהַמֵּךְ Job 38:14; Participle מִתְהַמֵּךְ Judges 7:13; Job 37:12; מִתְהַמֶּכֶת Genesis 3:24; — reflexive & intransitive:

1 turn this way & that, every way, of the flaming sword Genesis 3:24 (J); storm-cloud Job 37:12; turn over & over Judges 7:13, of bread-cake tumbling into the host of Midian.

2 transform oneself, Job 38:14 of earth under rising dawn.

Hoph`al Perfect הָהְמַּךְ עָלַי בַּלָּהוֺת Job 30:15 there have been turned upon me terrors (compare הִתְגַּלְגָּ֑לוּ Job 30:14, of foes).