a. a sowing הַשָּׂדֶה ׳לְז Genesis 47:24 (J; + אָכְלְכֶם; otherwise Leviticus 27:16 b, see below 2c); ׳לֹא מְקוֺם ז Numbers 20:5 no place for sowing (J E; + וּתְאֵנָה וְגֶפֶן וְרִמּוֺן); compare ׳שְׂדֵה ז Ezekiel 17:5 a field suitable for sowing; hence

b. sowing as regularly recurring at its season Genesis 8:22 (J; "" קָצִיר, + קֹר וָחֹם וְקַיִץ וָחֹרֶף וְיוֺם וָלַיְלָה), Leviticus 26:5 (H; "" דַּיִשׁ, בָּצִיר; — compare Amos 9:13 below 2a).

2 seed:

a. literally, sown, to raise crops for food, usually corn (wheat, barely, etc.) Genesis 47:19,23 (J; compare Genesis 47:14f.), Numbers 24:7 (JE); נָתַן לַֹזּרֵעַ ׳ז Isaiah 55:10 ("" לֶחֶם), Deuteronomy 28:38 (רַב ׳ז), Leviticus 26:16 (H; with זָרַע), Leviticus 27:16 a, חֹמֶר שְׂעֹרִים ׳ז Leviticus 27:16b (both P), compare Isaiah 5:10.

b. figurative, of idolatry of Judah Isaiah 17:11 ("" קציר); of fortunes of Zion ׳מֶשֶׁךְ הַזּ Psalm 126:6 the dropping of seed, i.e. the proper quantity for sowing (opposed to אֲלֻמֹּת); Jeremiah 35:7 (with זָרַע, "" כֶּרֶם לֹא תִטָּ֔עוּ), compare Jeremiah 35:9 ("" כרם, שׂדה); ׳מְטַר ז Isaiah 30:23 (with זָרַע, "" לֶחֶם תְּבוּאַתּ הָאֲדָמָה); also Deuteronomy 11:10 (with זָרַע), Ecclesiastes 11:6 (c. id.); זֵרוּעַ ׳ז Leviticus 11:37, compare Leviticus 11:38 (both P); as yielding the crop תְּבוּאַת זַרְעֶ֑ךָ Deuteronomy 14:22 the product of thy seed, compare d. below; ׳וְנִגַּשׁ תוֺרֵשׁ בַּקּוֺצֵר וְדֹרֵךְ עֲנָבִים בְּמשֵׁךְ הַזּ Amos 9:13, in figure of rapid and plentiful growth in the coming time; הָאָרֶץ ׳ז producing a vine Ezekiel 17:5, of growth and prosperity of Israel; ׳הַזּ Malachi 2:3, read perhaps הַזְּרֹעַ (compare VB).

c. seed as product; the manna is compare with גַּד ׳ז, coriander seed Numbers 11:7 (JE), Exodus 16:31 (P); seed of herbs and trees Genesis 1:11 (twice in verse); Genesis 1:12 (twice in verse); Genesis 1:29 (twice in verse) (all P). Especially

d. seed as corn-product, corn-crop, so (although not quite clearly) Deuteronomy 22:9 (with זָרַע; "" תְּבוּאַת הַכָּ֑רֶם); plural 1 Samuel 8:15 (perhaps better arable lands, compare above As zêru; "" כרמים), הָאָרֶץ ׳ז Leviticus 27:30 ("" מְּרִיעֵֿץ; otherwise Genesis 47:24, compare above 1a); שִׁחֹר ׳ז Isaiah 23:3 ("" קְצִיר יְאוֺר); בַּמְּגוּרָה ׳הַעוֺד הַזּ Haggai 2:19 ("" גֶּפֶן, תְּאֵנָה, רִמּוֺן, עֵץ הַזַּיִת); יָשִׁו֯ב זַרְעֶ֑ךָ וְגָרְנְךָ יֶאֱסֹף Job 39:12 (of harvest); so perhaps ׳כְּבֵית סָאתַיִם ז 1 Kings 18:32.

e. זֶרַע הַשָּׁלוֺם הַגֶּפֶן Zechariah 8:12, read perhaps שׁלוֺם ׳הַזּ the crop is security (= secure), so ᵑ6 Or and others; > Ew Hi and others who translate ׳הַשּׁ ׳ז the growth of peace, making הַגֶּמֶּן appositive — Verbs used with ׳ז in these senses are: — usually זַרַע Genesis 1:11; Leviticus 26:16; Jeremiah 35:7 +; הִפְרִיחַ Isaiah 17:11; נָתַן בְּ = plant, sow Ezekiel 17:5; נָתַן yield Isaiah 55:10; מָשַׁךְ Amos 9:13.

3 seed = semen virile, וְנִזְרְעָה זָ֑רַע Numbers 5:28, and she shall be made pregnant with seed; usually ׳שִׁכְּבַתזֿ, flow of semen Leviticus 22:4 (H), Leviticus 15:16,32 (P; all with תֵּצֵא), Leviticus 15:17 (P; with הָיָה); as accusative modi שׁכב ׳ז ׳אתאִֿשָּׁה שׁ Leviticus 19:20 (H), Leviticus 15:18; Numbers 5:13 (both P); so also נתן שְׁכָבְתּוֺ לְזרע Leviticus 18:20 (לְ Genitives); compare בְּהֵמָה ׳אָדָם וז ׳ז Jeremiah 31:27 (as 2nd accusative after זָרַע q. v. 3b).

4 seed = off spring:

a. rarely of animals, collective Genesis 3:15; Genesis 7:3 (both J). Usu.

b. of mankind, coll. = descendants, posterity; seed of the woman Genesis 3:15 (J); seed of the patriarchs (especially Abraham) Genesis 12:17; Genesis 13:15,16 (twice in verse); Genesis 16:10; Genesis 22:17 (twice in verse); Genesis 22:18; Genesis 24:7; Genesis 26:3,4 (3 t. in verse); Genesis 26:24; Genesis 28:13,14 (twice in verse); Genesis 32:13 (all J), Genesis 15:13,18; Exodus 32:13 (twice in verse); Exodus 33:1 (all J E), Genesis 21:12; Joshua 24:3 (both E; in both promised seed of Abraham restricted to line of Isaac), Deuteronomy 11:9; Deuteronomy 34:4; Nehemiah 9:8; = a son as involving posterity Genesis 15:3,5 (JE) compare below; phrase זַרְעָם אַחֲרֵיהֶם Deuteronomy 1:8, compare Deuteronomy 4:37; Deuteronomy 10:15, so P, Genesis 17:7 (twice in verse); Genesis 17:8,9,10,19; Genesis 35:12; Genesis 48:4; זִרְעֲךָ אִתָּךְ Genesis 28:4 (P; compare Numbers 18:19); see also below

c. seed (= posterity) of other individuals Genesis 21:13 (E; of Ishmael) Genesis 24:60; Genesis 48:19 (both J), Numbers 14:24 (JE), Leviticus 21:21; Leviticus 22:3,4 (all H), Numbers 17:5 (P), 1 Samuel 20:42 (twice in verse); 1 Samuel 24:22; 2 Samuel 4:8; 1 Kings 2:33 (twice in verse); 1 Kings 11:39; 2 Kings 5:27; Jeremiah 29:32; Ezekiel 43:19; Job 5:25 ("" צֶאֱצָאֶיךָ), Job 21:8 ("" id.); especially of seed of David as anointed to reign Psalm 18:51 = 2 Samuel 22:51 ("" לִמְשִׁיחוֺ), as sitting on throne Jeremiah 33:21, compare Jeremiah 33:22; Jeremiah 33:26, Psalm 89:5; Psalm 89:30; Psalm 89:37; of Jehoiachin Jeremiah 22:28,30, Jehoiakim Jeremiah 36:31 (compare Jeremiah 36:30); of child (son) as involving posterity Genesis 38:8,9 (twice in verse) (of Er's seed by Onam); Genesis 48:11 (all J), compare Genesis 19:32,31 (J), 2 Samuel 7:12; Ruth 4:12; Leviticus 21:15 (H); phrase זַרְעָם אַחֲרֵיהֶם of seed of Noah and his sons Genesis 9:9; of Aaron Exodus 28:43; of Phinehas Numbers 25:13 (all P); of David 1 Chronicles 17:11; לְזַרְעוֺ לְדֹרֹתָם Exodus 30:21 (P), compare Leviticus 21:17 (H; both of Aaron), see also b above ׳ז, of seed of righteous, especially Psalms: — Psalm 25:13; Psalm 37:25,26; Psalm 69:37; Psalm 102:29 ("" בָּנִים), Psalm 112:2 ("" דּוֺר ישׁרים), compare Psalm 22:31 (on text see Che); of wicked Psalm 21:11; Psalm 37:28.

d. specifically of a particular child (son) אַחֵר ׳ז Genesis 4:25 (J); אֲנָשִׁים ׳ז 1 Samuel 1:11; of children Leviticus 18:21; Leviticus 20:2; Leviticus 20:34; Leviticus 22:13 (all H), 1 Samuel 2:20 (compare בָּנִים, בָּנוֺת1Samuel 2:21); children and grandchildren Genesis 46:6,7 (P).

e. family Genesis 17:12 (P; compare Assyrian zêr bit abišu Asrb^{Annals iii. 10}); note especially of royal family הַמֶּלֶךְ ׳ז 1 Kings 11:14; הַמַּמְלָכָה ׳ז 2 Kings 11:1 2Chronicles 22:10; הַמְּלוּכָה ׳ז 2 Kings 25:25 = Jeremiah 41:1; Ezekiel 17:13; Daniel 1:3; = pedigree בית אבותם וְזַרְעָם Ezra 2:59 = Nehemiah 7:61; = one's nation, as of same blood Esther 10:3 ("" עַם). — Some verbs used with ׳ז in these senses are: — נָתַן, God subject Genesis 15:3; Ruth 4:12 (followed by מִן of woman); שִׂים 1 Samuel 2:20; with man as subject נתן Genesis 38:9; הֵקִים Genesis 38:8; ׳חִיָּה ז, keep alive, or give life to, of animals Genesis 7:3; of woman Genesis 19:32,34 (followed by מִן of man).

f. especially as name for people of Israel, seed of Abraham Isaiah 41:8; 2Chronicles 20:7 ("" עַמְּךָ יִשְׂרָאֵל), Jeremiah 33:26; Psalm 105:6 ("" בְּנֵי יעקִב); of Israel or Jacob 2 Kings 17:20; Nehemiah 9:2 ("" בני ישׂראל Nehemiah 9:1), Isaiah 43:5; Isaiah 45:19,25; Jeremiah 31:36,37; Jeremiah 33:26; Psalm 22:24 (twice in verse); 1 Chronicles 16:13 ("" בני יעקב); so בֵּית ישׂראל ׳ז Jeremiah 23:8; Ezekiel 44:22 (ᵑ6 ᵐ5 Manuscripts Co strike out בית); בית ׳ז יעקב Ezekiel 20:5; in Esther. הַיְהוּדִים ׳ז Esther 6:13; so of Edom (seed of Esau) Jeremiah 49:10, compare מִוֶּרע מָדַי Daniel 9:1.

g. seed of Israel (or Jacob, or the people), is used also, by (later) prophets, of future Generations, in addressing the people: — Deuteronomy 28:46,59; Deuteronomy 30:6,19; Deuteronomy 31:21, compare Numbers 18:19 (P; לְזַרְעֲךָ אִתָּ֑ךְ, "" וּלְבָנֶיךָ וְלִבְנוֺתֶיךָ), Jeremiah 30:10 = Jeremiah 46:27 (Jacob and Israel here = people), Psalm 106:27; "" צֶאֱצָא(יך ׅ Isaiah 44:3 (Jacob and Jeshurun), Isaiah 48:19, compare Isaiah 61:9; also Jeremiah 7:15; Isaiah 54:3; Isaiah 66:22 ("" שִׁמְכֶם); מִמִּי זַרְעֲךָ וּמִמִּי זֶרַע זַרְעֲךָ Isaiah 59:21; of Jews (יהודים) Esther 9:27,28,31.

5 seed as marked by moral quality = persons (or community) of such a quality; transition to this through such cases as those of ׳בְּרוּכֵי י ׳ז Isaiah 65:23 ("" צֶאֱצָאִים), compare Isaiah 61:9; Isaiah 65:9; הַקֹּדֶשׁ ׳ז Ezra 9:2 (of Israel), compare Isaiah 53:10; note, in good sense צַדִּיקִים ׳ז Proverbs 11:21 (opposed to רַע); אֱמֶת ׳ז Jeremiah 2:21 ("" שׂוֺרֵק); אלהים ׳ז Malachi 2:15; — קֹדֶשׁ ׳ז Isaiah 6:13 is a gloss; — in bad sense מְרֵעִים ׳ז Isaiah 1:4 community of evil-doers ("" גּוֺיחֹֿטֵא, עַם כֶּבֶד עָוֺן, בָּנִים מַשְׁחִיתִים), Isaiah 14:20; מְנָאֵף ׳ז Isaiah 57:3 ("" בני עֹנֲנָה); שָֿׁ֑קֶר׳ז Isaiah 57:4 ("" יִלְדֵיפֶֿשַׁע).