Brown-Driver-Briggs
חָטָא238 verb miss (a goal or way),
go wrong, sin (Late Hebrew
id.; Aramaic
חֲטָא 
Assyrian
—a‰û. Zim
BP 46; Sabean
חֿטא,
החֿטא id., DHM in MV; Arabic
do wrong, commit a mistake or
an error; II.
make to miss the mark; IV.
miss the mark, miss the way; Ethiopic
fail to find or
have; sometimes
sin, especially in derivatives) —
Qal Perfect ׳ח Exodus 32:31 + 29: t., 3 feminine singular חָֽטְאָה Leviticus 5:15; Lamentations 1:8, חָטָֽאָה Jeremiah 50:14; Ezekiel 16:15, חָטָאת Exodus 5:16, etc., + 82 t. Perfect; Imperfect יֶחֱטָא Leviticus 4:3 12t., תֶּחֱטָ֫אוּ Exodus 20:20; Psalm 4:5, etc. + 20 t. Imperfect; Infinitive חֲטֹא Ezekiel 3:21 8t., מֵחֲטוֺא Psalm 39:2, מֵחֲטוֺ (text error for מחטא) Genesis 20:6, בְּחֶטְאָה Numbers 15:28, חֲטאֹתוֺ Ezekiel 33:12 (strike out Co); Participle חוֺטֵא Proverbs 13:22 6t., חֹטֵא Isaiah 1:4; Ecclesiastes 9:2, חוֺטֶא Isaiah 65:20 2t., חֹטֶא Ecclesiastes 8:12, suffix חֹטְאִי Proverbs 8:36, plural חֹטִ֯אֿים 1 Samuel 14:33, suffix חֹטֵאת Ezekiel 18:4,20; —
1 miss: לא תחטא thou shalt not miss anything Job 5:24, אָץ בְּרַגְּלַיִם חוֺטֵא Proverbs 19:2 one hastening with his feet misseth (the way or the goal); חֹטְאִי חֹמֵסנַפְשׁוֺ Proverbs 8:36 the one missing me (Wisdom) is one wronging himself (opposed to מֹצְאִי); miss, i.e. endanger, one's life Proverbs 20:2; Habakkuk 2:10 according to De VB (others below 3 q. v.)
2 sin, miss the goal or path of right and duty:
a. against man, absolute Exodus 5:16 (E), 1 Samuel 26:21; 2 Samuel 19:21; 1 Kings 18:9; 2 Kings 18:14; with לְ of the person against whom or towards whom one sins, Genesis 40:1 (E), Judges 11:27; 1 Samuel 2:25; 1 Samuel 19:4; 1 Samuel 24:12, 1 Kings 8:31 2Chronicles 6:22; מה חטאתי לך wherein have I sinned against thee ? Genesis 20:9 (E) Jeremiah 37:18; with בְּ, אל תחטאו בילד Genesis 42:22 (E) do not sin against the lad, against David 1 Samuel 19:4,5.
b. elsewhere always against God, absolute Exodus 20:20 (E), Exodus 9:34 (J) Joshua 7:11 (D) Leviticus 4:3; Leviticus 5:1,11,17 (twice in verse); Leviticus 5:21; Leviticus 5:23; Numbers 16:22 (P), Nehemiah 6:13; Job 1:5,22; Job 7:20; Job 10:14; Job 24:19; Job 35:6; Psalm 4:5; Psalm 78:32; Isaiah 43:27; Isaiah 64:4; Jeremiah 2:35; Lamentations 5:7; Ezekiel 3:21 (twice in verse); Ezekiel 16:51; Ezekiel 28:16; Ezekiel 33:12; Hosea 8:11 (strike out We Kl. Proph.) Hosea 8:11; Hosea 10:9; Hosea 13:2; לא נתתי לחטא חכי I have not permitted my palate to sin Job 31:30; Participle חֹטֵא, used as adjective, sinful nation Is 1:4; sinful person Ezekiel 18:4,20; but usually as noun, sinner Proverbs 11:31; Proverbs 13:22; Proverbs 14:21; Ecclesiastes 2:26; Ecclesiastes 7:26; Ecclesiastes 8:12; Ecclesiastes 9:2,18; Isaiah 65:20. Sin is confessed: חָטָאנוּ we have sinned Numbers 14:40; Numbers 21:7 (E) Judges 10:15; 1 Samuel 12:10; 1 Kings 8:47 2Chronicles 6:37; Nehemiah 1:6; Psalm 106:6; Lamentations 5:16; Daniel 9:5,15; חטאתי I have sinned Exodus 9:27; Numbers 22:34 (J) 1 Samuel 15:24,30; 2 Samuel 24:10,17; 1 Chronicles 21:8,17; Job 33:27. Sin is universal: אין אדם אשׁר לא יחטא there is no man who sinneth not 1 Kings 8:46 2Chronicles 6:36, כי אדם אין צדיק בארץ אשׁר יעשׂה טוב ולא יחטא Ecclesiastes 7:20 for man there is none righteous in the earth who doeth good and sinneth not; with לְ, against God Genesis 20:6 (E), Genesis 39:9 (J), Exodus 32:33; Numbers 32:33 (both J E), Deuteronomy 9:16; Deuteronomy 20:18; 1 Samuel 2:25; 1 Samuel 12:23; 1 Samuel 14:33,34; 1 Kings 8:33,35,46,50 2Chronicles 6:24,26,36,39; 2 Kings 17:7; Hosea 4:7; Micah 7:9; Zephaniah 1:17; Jeremiah 40:3; Jeremiah 44:23; Jeremiah 50:7,14; Ezekiel 14:13; Isaiah 42:24; Job 8:4; Psalm 78:17; Psalm 119:11; Nehemiah 1:6; in confession חטאתי ל Exodus 10:16; Joshua 7:20 (J), 2 Samuel 12:13 Psalm 41:5; Psalm 51:6; חטאנו ל Deuteronomy 1:41; Judges 10:10; 1 Samuel 7:6; Jeremiah 3:25; Jeremiah 8:14; Jeremiah 14:7,20; Daniel 9:8,11; with בְּ of instrument, lips Job 2:10, tongue Psalm 39:2; wherein Ezekiel 37:23; Leviticus 4:23 (P), therein Leviticus 5:22 (P); ellipsis of בְּ in pharse לי ׳עונם אשׁר ח (their) iniquity wherein they sinned against me Jeremiah 33:8 (twice in verse); בשׁגגה by error, unwittingly Leviticus 4:2,22,27; Leviticus 5:15; Numbers 15:27,28 (all P); against thy judgements Nehemiah 9:29; with עַל with regard to Leviticus 5:5; Numbers 6:11(P) Nehemiah 13:26; with cognate accusative חֲטָאָה ׳ח Exodus 32:30,31 (JE); חַטָּאת ׳אשׁר ח Numbers 12:11(J) Leviticus 4:3,28 (twice in verse); Leviticus 4:35; Leviticus 5:6,10,13 (all P) Leviticus 19:22 (twice in verse) (H), Deuteronomy 9:18; 1 Kings 14:16,22; 1 Kings 15:30; 1 Kings 16:13,19; 2 Kings 21:17; Ezekiel 18:24; Ezekiel 33:16; ל ׳חטאת אשׁר ח Jeremiah 16:10; Nehemiah 1:6; על ׳חטאת אשׁר ח Leviticus 4:14 (P); ׳חֵטְא ח Lamentations 1:8; חֵטְא ׳אשׁר ח Deuteronomy 19:15.
3 incur guilt, penalty by sin, forfeit: וחטאתי לך כל הימים Genesis 43:9 I shall incur the blame of sinning against thee all my days, compare Genesis 44:32 (J); with accusative חוֺטֵא נפשׁ for feiting oneself, one's life Proverbs 20:2; Habakkuk 2:10 according to most, yet see below
1 — ׳והביא אשׁמו אשׁר ח Leviticus 5:7 he shall bring his trespass-offering which he has incurred by sin; ׳קרבנו אשׁר ח Leviticus 5:11; מןהֿקדשׁ ׳את אשׁר ח ישׁלּם Leviticus 5:16 what he hath incurred by taking of the holy thing he shall pay.
Pi`el Perfect חִטֵּא Leviticus 14:52; suffix חִטְּאוֺ Numbers 19:19, חִטֵּאתָ Exodus 29:36 2t.; 3 plural חִטְּאוּ Ezekiel 43:22 (twice in verse); Imperfect יַיְחַטֵּא Leviticus 8:15; suffix וַיְהַטְּאֵהוּ Leviticus 9:15, תְּחַטְּאֵנִי Psalm 51:9, אֲחַטֶּנָּה Genesis 31:39, וַיְחַטְּאוּ2Chronicles 29:24; Infinitive חַטֵּא Leviticus 14:49; Ezekiel 43:23; Participle הִמְחַטֵּא Leviticus 6:19; —
1 bear loss: אָנֹכִי אֲחַטֶּנָּה I bare the loss of it Genesis 31:39 (E; lit I let it be missing ? possibly read אֲחֻטּנה I was made to miss it ?).
2 make a sin-offering: with suffix referring to שׁעיר Leviticus 9:15 (P); to sin-offering Leviticus 6:19 (P); על המזבח upon the altar Exodus 29:36 (P; not cleanse the altar RV); את דמם המזבחה ׳ח2Chronicles 29:24 made a sin-offering with their blood on the altar.
3 purity from sin: the altar, by putting the blood of the sin-offering on its horns, Leviticus 8:15 (P), Ezekiel 43:20,22 (twice in verse); Ezekiel 43:23; the sanctuary, by applying to it the blood of the sin-offering Ezekiel 45:18.
4 purity from uncleanness: the house of the leper by application of the mixture of living water and blood of the bird Leviticus 14:49,52 (P); a person, by application of then mixture of living water and ashes of the red heifer Numbers 19:19 (P), by sprinkling with a hyssop spring Psalm 51:9.
Hiph`il Perfect הֶחֱטִיא 1 Kings 14:16 17t., הֶחֶטִ֯י (Kt error for החטִיא) 2 Kings 13:6; suffix הֶחֱטִיאָם 2 Kings 17:21; plural הֶחֱטִיאוּ 1 Kings 16:13; Nehemiah 13:26; Imperfect יַחֲטִא Judges 20:16; 2 Kings 21:11; תַּחֲטִיא Deuteronomy 24:4; וַתַּחֲטִא 1 Kings 16:2; 1 Kings 21:22; plural יַחֲטִיאוּ Exodus 23:33; Infinitive הַחֲטִיא Ecclesiastes 5:5; 1 Kings 16:19; Jeremiah 32:35 (Qr), הַחֲ֯טִי Jeremiah 32:35 (Kt error); Participle plural construct מַחֲטִיאֵי Isaiah 29:21; —
1 miss the mark: קֹלֵעַ בָּאֶבֶן אֶלהַֿשַּׂעְרָה וְלֹא יַחֲטִא Judges 20:16 slinging with stones at an hair and would not miss.
2 induce or cause to sin: with accusative Exodus 23:33(JE), Nehemiah 13:26; elsewhere in the phrase החטיא את ישׂראל (he) caused Israel to sin 1 Kings 14:16; 1 Kings 15:26,30,34; 1 Kings 16:2,13,19,26; 1 Kings 21:22; 1 Kings 22:53; 2 Kings 3:3; 2 Kings 10:29,31; 2 Kings 13:2,6,11; 2 Kings 14:24; 2 Kings 15:9,18,24,28; 2 Kings 23:15; with suffix reference to Israel 2 Kings 17:21; את יהודה 2 Kings 21:11,16; Jeremiah 32:35 (sometimes with 2nd accusative — חטאת, or אשׁר reference to חטאת: — 1 Kings 15:26,34; 1 Kings 16:26; 2 Kings 17:21; 2 Kings 21:16; peob. also 1 Kings 14:16; 1 Kings 15:30; 1 Kings 16:13; no 2nd accusative 1 Kings 16:2,19; 1 Kings 21:22; 1 Kings 22:53; 2 Kings 21:11; 2 Kings 23:15; Jeremiah 32:35; the rest are ambiguous).
3 bring into guilt, condemnation, punishment: מחטיאי אדם Isaiah 29:21 who bring a man into condemnation; לא תחטיא את הארץ Deuteronomy 24:4 thou shalt not bring the land into guilt; אל תתן אתפֿיך לחטיא אתבֿשׂרך Ecclesiastes 5:4 do not permit thy mouth to bring thy flesh into punishment.
Hithpa`el Imperfect יִתְחַטָּא Numbers 19:12 4t., יִתְחַטְּאוּ Numbers 8:21; יִתְחַטָּ֑אוּ Job 41:17, תִּתְחַטְּאוּ Numbers 31:19, תִּתְחַטָּ֑אוּ Numbers 31:20; —
1 miss oneself, lose oneself, figurative for be bewildered, beside oneself, מִשְּׁבָרִים יִתְחַטָּאוּ Job 41:17 by reason of consternation they are beside themselves ("" יגורו are afraid).
2 purity oneself from uncleanness, only in P:
a. Levites Numbers 8:21.
b. those in contact with thedead Numbers 19:12,13,20; Numbers 31:19,20; with בְּ, בְּמֵי נִּדָּה Numbers 31:23; by a mixture of ashes of the red heifer with fresh water Numbers 19:12.
