2 near the end); plural כֵּנִים Genesis 42:11,19,31,33,34; —

1 right, usually indecl., often as substantive a right thing, especially with vbb. dicendi Exodus 10:29 (J) כֵּן דִּבַּרְתָּ, Numbers 27:7 כֵּן דֹּבְרֹת, Numbers 36:5 (both P); כֵּן יַאֲרִיךְ Proverbs 28:2 (the) right (i.e. order and justice) shall last long (see De Now VB); = adverb aright, of pronunciation Judges 12:6; also with verb agendi Ecclesiastes 8:10 (on Isaiah 33:23 see III. כֵּן below כנן); right well Psalm 65:10; (Che; al. = so); with לֹא, as adjective, not right דְּבָרִים אֲשֶׁר לֹאכֵֿן 2 Kings 17:9 things which were not right (verb agendi); of heart of a fool Proverbs 15:7; Jeremiah 23:10; as substantive = what is not right, upright Jeremiah 8:6; with verb agendi לֹאכֵֿן 2 Kings 7:9 that which is not right we are doing, Jeremiah 48:30 b.

2 veritable, true, כֵּןצְֿדָקָה Proverbs 11:19 the veritable of righteousness = true righteousness; Isaiah 16:6 = Jeremiah 48:30 a may be either their boastings are not true or (Thes Che Di Du Gr Gie and others) the untruth of their boastings (לֹאכֵֿן as compound construct); absolute, in assent to something already said, Right! Correct! True! Joshua 2:4.

3 plural concrete honest (men) Genesis 42:11,19,31,33,34 (all E). — II. כֵּן thus, so, see below; III. כֵּן place, base, see below כנן; IV. [כֵּן], כִּנִּם, כִּנָּם, see below כנן.

I. כֵּן adverb so (PH. Late Hebrew ᵑ7 id.; Syriac is then, Arabic , , but: probably from the demonstrative √ ka, found in כִּי etc., Kö^{ii. 1, 254}); (הִיא) כֶּןהֿוּא Genesis 44:10 4t.: — so (i.e. usually, as has been described or commanded, with reference to what has preceded), mostly of manner, but sometimes also of quantity, quality, or degree:

1. a. Judges 5:31 כן יאבדו so perish thy enemies, Job 5:27 הִיאכֶּןֿ, Job 8:13 כן ארחות כל שׁכחי אל, Proverbs 6:29; Proverbs 8:13; 2 Samuel 16:23; Isaiah 36:6; Isaiah 47:15 כן היו לך, Numbers 13:33 וכן היינו בעיניהם; Numbers 9:16 כָן יהיה תמיד Exodus 10:14 (twice in verse) לא היה כן ארבה׳כמהו וג (i. e. in such numbers), 1 Kings 10:12 כן עצי אלמגים לא בא, 1 Kings 10:20; 2Chronicles 1:12 (twice in verse), Judges 21:14 להם כןולא מצאו and they did not suffice for them so (namely in such numbers of them as there were); 1 Kings 6:26 וכן הכרוב השׁני, Ezekiel 41:7; ׳וכן ל Exodus 27:11; 1 Kings 10:29; Ezekiel 40:16; 2Chronicles 35:12, compare 1 Chronicles 23:30; ׳כן ל Exodus 25:33 (compare Exodus 26:24), Joshua 21:40.

b. the force of כֵּן has sometimes to be elicited from the context : 1 Kings 2:7 כי כן קרבו אלי (that is, with kindness such as that enjoined in v^a), 1 Kings 20:40 כן משׁפטך, Jeremiah 14:10 לנועכן אהבו (i.e. not less than ׳י has withdrawn from them Jeremiah 14:9, Gf Ke; Gie proposes אָכֵן), Psalm 61:9 שִׁמְךָכֵּן אֲזַמְּרָה (Hi כְּצִדְקְךָ, implied in Jeremiah 14:6-8), Psalm 63:3 חֲזִיתִךָכֵּן בַּקֹּדֶשׁ (that is, with the longings of Psalm 63:2), Psalm 63:5 אֲבָרֶכְךָ בְחַיָּיכֵּן (that is כְּרֹב חַסְדְּךָ Psalm 63:4), Psalm 65:10 כִּי כֵן תְּכִינֶהָ (i.e. so Generously, Psalm 65:10), Psalm 90:12 לִמְנוֺת יָמֵינוּ כֵּן הוֺדַע (Hi ׳כְּיִרְאַת י Psalm 90:11), Psalm 127:2 כֵּן יִתֵּן לִידִידוֺ שֵׁנָא (that is, as abundantly; but Che אָכֵן), Proverbs 24:14 (see Proverbs 24:13), Isaiah 52:14 כֵּן מִשְׁחַת מֵאִישׁ מַרְאֵהוּ (sufficiently to justify שׁממו עליך רבים).

c. כן occurs frequently in particular phrases, as (a) with הָיָה, especially ויהי כן and it was so Genesis 1:7,9,11 +, 2 Kings 2:10 if thou seest me taken from thee יהילֿך כן let it be to thee so (that is, as thou desirest), 2 Kings 7:20, with עשׂה (especially וַיַּעַשׂ, וַיַּעֲשׂוּ) Genesis 29:28; Genesis 42:20; Genesis 45:21 + often, Judges 7:16 וְכֵן תַּעֲשׂוּמִמֶּנִּי תִּרְאוּ, + ׳ל Genesis 42:25 ויעשׂ להם כן, Exodus 22:29; Exodus 23:11 ׳כן תעשׂה ל, Deuteronomy 22:3; 2 Samuel 12:31; 1 Kings 11:8 (compare 1 Kings 6:33; 1 Kings 7:18); Genesis 29:26 לא יֵעָשֶׂה כן במקומנו, Genesis 34:7; 2 Samuel 13:12; rarer usages, דִּבֶּר כֵּן Exodus 6:9, אמר כן 1 Kings 22:8, כֵּן אמרתם Ezekiel 11:5; Ezekiel 33:10, ׳אָמֵן כֵּן יאֹמַר י 1 Kings 1:36 (compare Jeremiah 28:6), וגם שׁאול אבי יֹדֵעַ כֵּן 1 Samuel 23:17; אָהֵב כֵּן (idiomatic) to love (it) so, Jeremiah 5:31; Amos 4:5; (b) Genesis 50:3 ימלאו ימי החנֻטים כי כן (compare Judges 14:10; 2 Samuel 13:18; Esther 2:12); (c) alone, אִם כֵּן if it be so Genesis 25:22; Genesis 43:11; כִּיכֵֿןוַיִּרְאוּ 1 Samuel 5:7, יָדַעְתִּי כִּיכֵֿן Job 9:2; (d) לא כן not so (namely as has been described or implied), with a substantive Numbers 12:7 לא כן עבדי משׁה, 2 Samuel 20:21; 2 Samuel 23:5; Psalm 1:4; Job 9:35b כילֿאכֿן אנכי עמדי not so am I with myself (i.e. I am not conscious of being one who would fear him, v^a), with a verb Deuteronomy 18:14 ואתה ׳לא כן נתן לך י (not so, — namely as implied in v^a), 2 Samuel 18:14; Isaiah 10:7 לא כן יְדַמֶּה, לא כן יחשׁב, absolute Genesis 48:18 לא כן אבי, Exodus 10:11.

2 Often, to emphasize the agreement, in answer to כְּ, and כַּאֲשֶׁר: namely

a. כְּ ֗֗֗ כֵּן, (a) Genesis 44:10 = Joshua 2:21 כדבריכם כֶּןהֿוּא according to your words, so be it, 1 Samuel 25:25 כי כשׁמו כֶּןהֿוּא, Psalm 48:11; Proverbs 23:7 כֶּןהֿוּא (after conjunction כְּמוֺ), Ezekiel 42:11 כְּאָרְכָּן כֵּן רָחְבָּן; (b) Leviticus 27:12 כְּעֶרְכְּךָ כֵּן יִהְיֶה, 2 Samuel 13:35; Numbers 8:4; Numbers 9:14; Numbers 15:20; Deuteronomy 8:20; Judges 11:10, so after כְּפִי Numbers 6:21; (c) כְּכֹל ֗֗֗ כֵּן ֗֗֗ 1 Samuel 8:8; 2 Samuel 7:17; Jeremiah 42:5; (d) in similes, (a) 2 Samuel 14:17 כן ׳אדני המלךכמלאך הא, Jeremiah 18:6; Psalm 123:2; Psalm 127:4; Proverbs 10:26; Proverbs 26:8,19; Proverbs 27:8,19; Songs 2:2,3; (β) Joel 2:4 כְּפָרָשִׁים כֵּן יְרוּצוּן, Isaiah 31:5; Isaiah 38:14; Psalm 103:15; Proverbs 26:1,2; (γ) Psalm 42:2 כאיל תערג ֗֗֗ כן׳נפשׁי וג like the hind which etc., Psalm 83:16; Isaiah 61:11; Isaiah 63:14; Job 7:3, so after כמו Isaiah 26:17; (δ) Jeremiah 2:26 גַּנָּב ֗֗֗ כֵּן הוֺבִישׁוּכְּבשֶׁת, Jeremiah 6:7; Jeremiah 34:5 (read כְּמשׂרפות), Ezekiel 22:22 (compare Ezekiel 22:20), Ezekiel 23:44; Ezekiel 34:12; compare (of degree) Ezekiel 35:15 (omitted by ᵐ5 Co), Hosea 4:7 כְּרֻבָּם כֵּן חָָֽטְאוּ לִי. Of time (un-common) 1 Samuel 9:13 כְּבֹאֲכֶם הָעִיר כֵּן תִּמְצְאוּן אֹתוֺ.

b. Ezra 10:12 כן כדבריך עלינו לעשׂות.

c. ֗֗֗ כֵּן ֗֗֗ כַּאֲשֶׁר, (a) Exodus 7:6 כן עשׂו ׳כאשׁר צוה י, Exodus 12:28,50; Exodus 39:43 (compare Exodus 27:8), Numbers 8:22 (compare Numbers 5:4), Numbers 17:26; Numbers 36:10; Joshua 14:5 (all P); Genesis 41:13 כאשׁר פתר כן היה, Joshua 10:1,39; Joshua 11:15; Judges 1:7; Judges 15:11b Psalm 48:9; (b) (frequently) Numbers 2:17 כֵּן יִסָּ֑עוּכאשׁר יַחֲנוּ, Exodus 1:12 (of degree = the more . . . the more) כַּאֲשֶׁר יְעַנּוּ אֹתוֺ כֵּן יִרְבֶּה וְכֵן יִפְרֹץ; (c) Genesis 6:22 אשׁר צוה אתו אלהים כן עשׂהככל, Exodus 39:32,42; Exodus 40:16; Numbers 1:54; Numbers 2:34; Numbers 8:20; Numbers 9:5 (all P), compare Exodus 25:9 (וְכֵן), simil. 2 Samuel 9:11; 2 Kings 16:11, compare Joshua 1:17; Jeremiah 42:20; (d) Exodus 27:8 הֶרְאָה אתך כן יעשׂוכאשׁר, 2 Samuel 16:19; 1 Kings 2:38; Isaiah 20:4; Isaiah 52:14f.; with the same verb repeated Leviticus 24:19,20; Deuteronomy 28:63 כאשׁר שׂשׂ ֗֗֗ כן ישׂישׂ, Joshua 23:15; 1 Samuel 15:33; 1 Samuel 26:24; 1 Kings 1:37; Isaiah 10:11; Jeremiah 5:19; Jeremiah 31:28; Jeremiah 32:42; Jeremiah 42:18; Ezekiel 12:11; Ezekiel 20:36; Zechariah 7:13; Proverbs 24:29; Numbers 14:28 אעשׂהאם לא כאשׁר דברתם כן, Isaiah 14:24, so after הלא Isaiah 10:11, after asseverative כי 2 Samuel 3:9; 1 Kings 1:30; so ֗֗֗ כֵּן ׳כָּלעֻֿמַּת שֶׁ Ecclesiastes 5:15; (e) Judges 7:17b כאשׁר אעשׂה כן תעשׂון, Leviticus 27:14; Numbers 15:14, compare Jeremiah 39:12; (f) in similes, Deuteronomy 12:22; Deuteronomy 22:26; Amos 3:12; Isaiah 65:8; Jeremiah 13:11.

d. כן כאשׁר ֗֗֗ , (a) Exodus 7:10 ׳ויעשׂו כן כאשׁר צוה י, Exodus 7:20; Joshua 4:8; 2 Samuel 5:25; Ezekiel 12:7, compare Genesis 50:12; Numbers 8:3; iron. Amos 5:14 אתּכם כאשׁר ׳אמרתם יהי כן י, Exodus 10:10; (b) Genesis 18:5 כן תעשׂה כאשׁר דברת, Nehemiah 5:12. — Occasionally in poetry כאשׁר is not expressed : Isaiah 54:9 (De), Isaiah 55:9; Jeremiah 3:20; Job 7:9; Hosea 11:2 קראו להם כן הלכו מפניהם (of degree: so = in the same proportion), Psalm 48:6 המה ראו כן תמהו (i.e. in the same measure that they saw); Jeremiah 33:22 (according to many, but dubious; read probably כאשׁר Gie) it is represented by אשׁר (so Isaiah 54:9 Hi Ew Di): Judges 5:15 כ is not expressed. — Nahum 1:12 is probably corrupt; Zechariah 11:11 for כן עניי read כְּנַעֲנֵי. — כֹּה, כָּכָה, כָּזֹאת are synonyms, but differ considerably in usage.

3 With prepositions: —

a. אַחַרכֵּֿן, אַחֲרֵיכֵֿן, מֵאַחֲרֵיכֵֿן, literally after so, i.e. afterwards: see אַחַר.

b. בְּכֵן (late), literally in such circumstances, i.e. thereupon, then, Ecclesiastes 8:10; Esther 4:16 (ᵑ7 בְּכֵין often for אָז; e.g. Exodus 15:1; Syr^Jerusalem = τότε).

c. כֵּןכְּמוֺֿ Isaiah 51:6, according to some, like so, i.e. (Vrss Rabb) in like manner, or (De) like this (accompanied by a contemptuous gesture) = like a mere nothing: but see IV. כֵּן.

d. לָכֵן₂₀₀ according to such conditions, that being so, therefore Numbers 16:11; 1 Samuel 27:6; Psalm 16:9; Psalm 73:6; Psalm 73:10; especially in prophets, where it often introduces, after statement of the grounds, a divine declaration or command: Judges 10:13; 2 Kings 1:6; Amos 4:12; Isaiah 5:13,14,24; Isaiah 7:14; Isaiah 10:16; Isaiah 16:7; Isaiah 27:9; Jeremiah 6:15; Jeremiah 8:10 etc.; ׳לכן כה אמר י 2 Kings 21:12; Isaiah 10:24; Isaiah 28:16; Isaiah 29:22; Isaiah 30:12; Isaiah 37:33; Jeremiah 5:14; Jeremiah 6:21 + often; followed by נאם האדון Isaiah 1:24; ׳נאם י 1 Samuel 2:30; Jeremiah 2:9; ׳לכן הנה ימים באים נאם י Jeremiah 7:32; Jeremiah 16:14; Jeremiah 19:6 +; ׳לכן חי אני נאם י Ezekiel 5:11; Ezekiel 35:6,11; Zephaniah 2:9; הנני ֗֗֗ לכן 1 Kings 14:10; Hosea 2:8; Hosea 2:16; Isaiah 29:14; Jeremiah 16:21; Ezekiel 16:37; Ezekiel 22:19; b Ezekiel 25:4,7,9 +; לכן אֱמֹר Exodus 6:6; Numbers 25:12 (both P), Ezekiel 11:16,17; Ezekiel 14:6; Ezekiel 20:30; Ezekiel 33:25; Ezekiel 36:22; לָכֵן דַּבֵּר Ezekiel 14:4; Ezekiel 20:27; לָכֵן הִנָּכֵא Ezekiel 11:4; Ezekiel 36:3,6; Ezekiel 37:12; Ezekiel 38:14; . . . . לָכֵן שִׁמְעוּ Isaiah 28:14; Isaiah 51:21; Jeremiah 6:18; Jeremiah 44:26 +. In answer to יען, Numbers 20:12 (P), 1 Kings 14:10; 2 Kings 1:16; 2 Kings 21:12; 2 Kings 22:20; Isaiah 29:14; Isaiah 30:13; Jeremiah 19:6 +, Ezekiel 5:8; Ezekiel 13:23 +; so, once, וְלָכֵן Isaiah 8:7; to כי Isaiah 28:16; Jeremiah 35:17; על Jeremiah 9:14; אם Jeremiah 23:38; Jeremiah 42:15. Special usages: — (a) idiomatic, in conversation, in reply to an objection, to state the ground upon which the answer is made; Genesis 4:15 therefore — this being so — whoso killeth Cain, etc., Genesis 30:15; Judges 8:7; Judges 11:8; 1 Samuel 28:2; 1 Kings 22:19; Job 20:2 (ᵐ5 in Genesis Kings Job, not perceiving the idiom, renders οὐχοὕτως (as though לאכֿן): so also strangely, elsewhere, as 1 Samuel 3:14; 2 Kings 1:4,6; 2 Kings 21:12). (b) inferring the cause from the effect, or developing what is logically involved in a statement, Isaiah 26:14b (compare De) therefore thou hast visited and destroyed them (not a consequence of v^{a 'the dead rise not,'} but the development of what is implicit in it), Isaiah 61:7; Jeremiah 2:33; Jeremiah 5:2 (because namely אין אמונה Jeremiah 5:1), Job 34:25; Job 42:3. — Zechariah 11:7 read לִכְנַעֲנֵי הַצּאֹן.

e. עַדכֵּֿן hitherto (of time), as yet Nehemiah 2:16.

f. עַלכֵּֿן₁₄₅ upon ground of such conditions, therefore (introducing, more Generally than לָכֵן, the statement of a fact, rather than a declaration: never used in the phrases noted under לָכֵן), Genesis 20:6; Genesis 42:21; Exodus 5:8,17; Exodus 16:29; Exodus 20:11; 1 Samuel 20:29; 1 Samuel 28:18; 2 Samuel 7:22,27; 1 Kings 20:23; Isaiah 5:25; Isaiah 9:16; Isaiah 13:7,13; Isaiah 15:4,7; Isaiah 16:9,11; Isaiah 17:10; Isaiah 21:3; Jeremiah 5:6,27; Jeremiah 10:21; Jeremiah 12:8; Jeremiah 20:11; Jeremiah 31:3,20; Ezekiel 7:20; Ezekiel 22:4; Ezekiel 31:5 etc., Psalm 1:5; Psalm 42:7; Psalm 45:3 c (the poet's inference from v^{a. b}), Psalm 1:8; Psalm 110:7; Job 6:3; Job 9:22; Job 17:4; Job 20:21 etc., Songs 1:3; and regularly where the origin of a name, or custom, or proverb is assigned, Genesis 2:24 ׳עלכֿן יעזב אישׁ וג, Genesis 10:9 יֵאָמַ֔רעלכֿן, Genesis 11:9 עלכֿן קרא שׁמה בבל, Genesis 16:14; Genesis 19:22; Genesis 21:31; Genesis 25:30; Genesis 26:33; Genesis 29:34; Genesis 29:35; Genesis 30:6; Genesis 32:33; Genesis 47:22; Exodus 13:15; Exodus 15:23; Numbers 18:24; Numbers 21:14,27; Deuteronomy 10:9 (compare Deuteronomy 15:11,15; Deuteronomy 19:7; Deuteronomy 24:18,22), Joshua 7:26; Joshua 14:14; Judges 15:19; Judges 18:12; 1 Samuel 5:5; 1 Samuel 10:12; 1 Samuel 23:28 (? read so 1 Samuel 27:6) 2 Samuel 5:8,20 etc.; הַעַלכֵּֿן Habakkuk 1:17. — Esther 9:26 the 2nd על כן (unless dittograph) points unusually onwards to האגרתעל כל דברי on this account, on account, namely, etc.

II. כֵּן see כון; III. כֵּן see I. כנן; IV. כֵּן see II. כנן. p. 467, below

adverb thus, as follows (Biblical Hebrew כֵּן; ᵑ7 כֵּן, Syriac ); — usually with אֲמַר (אָמַ, etc.; compare Egyptian Aramaic CIS^{ii. 149 A 1, B-C 3} RÉS^{492B 5}), Daniel 2:24 וְכֵן אֲמַרלֵֿהּ, Daniel 2:25; Daniel 4:11; Daniel 6:7; Daniel 7:5,23; Ezra 5:3; Ezra 6:2 וְכֵןכְּֿ תִיב בְּגַוַּהּ.