Brown-Driver-Briggs
לָשׁוֺן noun masculineJosh 7:21 and (more often)
feminineIsaiah 28:11 tongue (Late Hebrew
id.; also Assyrian
lišânu; Arabic
; Ethiopic
; Aramaic
לִשָּׁן,
לִישָּׁן,
(all
li-); Zinjirli
לשן DHM
Sendsch. 59); — absolute
׳ל Exodus 4:10 +;
הַלָּשֹׁן Joshua 15:2; construct
לְשׁוֺן Joshua 7:21 +; suffix
לְשׁוֺנִי 2 Samuel 23:2;
לְשֹׁנוֺ Exodus 11:7 2t.;
לְשׁוֺנוֺ Judges 7:5;
Esther 1:22;
לְשׁוֺנְךָ Psalm 34:14;
לְשׁוֺנְכֶם Isaiah 59:3, etc.; plural
לְשֹׁנוֺת absolute
Psalm 31:21;
Isaiah 66:18; construct
Zechariah 8:23; suffix
לְשֹׁנֹתָם Genesis 10:20,31; —
1 tongue of men,
a. used in lapping Judges 7:5; cleaving to the palate (חֵק), in thirst Lamentations 4:4, so as to produce dumbness Job 29:10 ("" קוֺל נֶחְבָּא), Psalm 137:6; Ezekiel 3:26 ("" נֶאֱלַם); cleaving to jaws (מַלְקוֺחַ) Psalm 22:16; בַּצָּמָא נָשָׁ֑תָּה ׳ל Isaiah 41:17 their tongue for thirst is parched; תִּמַּק בְּפִיהֶם ׳לְ Zechariah 14:12 (of ׳יs judgment); a choice morsel is held ׳תַּחַת ל Job 20:12 (figurative of mischief), compare Psalm 10:7 (ready to be uttered), Psalm 66:17 ("" מֶּה), Songs 4:11.
b. usually as organ of speech, both good and bad (especially Psalms, Proverbs, often "" מֶּה, שָׂפָה); — ׳כְּבַד ל Exodus 4:10 (J) heavy of tongue; ׳מַעֲנֵה ל Proverbs 16:1, מִלָּתוֺ עַללְֿשׁוֺנִי 2 Samuel 23:2, compare Proverbs 31:26; Psalm 139:4 (׳בִּל), הֲיֵשׁ בִּלְשׁוֺנִי עַוְלָה Job 6:30; ׳מָוֶת וְחַיִּים בְּיַד ל Proverbs 18:21, compare Proverbs 21:23; Proverbs 25:15; of (false) prophets, ׳הַלֹּקְהִים ל Jeremiah 23:31; subject of verb of speaking, בֶּר Di — בִחִכִּי דִּבְּרָה לְשׁוֺנִי Job 33:2; Psalm 12:4; Psalm 37:30; compare (Jeremiah 9:7 below and) ֗֗֗ תְּמַהֵר ׳ל לְדַבֵּר Isaiah 32:4, לְשׁוֺנִי עֵט סֹפֵר מָהִיר Psalm 45:2, i.e. as swift as a rapid scribe's stylus; subject of הָגָה Isaiah 59:3; Job 27:4; Psalm 35:28; Psalm 71:24; subject of נִשְׁבַּע Isaiah 45:23; תִּהַלַךְ בָּאָרֶץ ׳ל Psalm 73:9; of hostile speech, insolence, etc., Joshua 10:21 (J E; object of I. חָרַץ q. v., compare
3 below), Jeremiah 18:18; Isaiah 3:8; ׳זַעַם ל Hosea 7:16 (but text dubious, compare We Now), חֶרֶב חַדָּה ׳ל Psalm 57:6, compare Psalm 64:4; כְּמוֺ ׳נָחָשׁ שָֽׁנְנוּ ל Psalm 140:4; תָּקוּם אִתָּךְ ׳כָּללֿ Isaiah 54:17; ׳הֶאֱרִיךְ ל Isaiah 57:4; further, Jeremiah 9:2; Jeremiah 9:4; as instrument of seductive flattery (הֶחֱלִיק), without בְּ, Psalm 5:10; Proverbs 28:33, compare ׳נָכְרִיָּה חֶלְקַת לָ Proverbs 6:24;. of falsehood Psalm 78:36 (compare below); of slander (compare לושֵׁן) ׳רָגַל עַללֿ Psalm 15:3, אִישׁ לָשׁוֺןPsalm 140:12, compare סָ֑תֶר ׳לְ Proverbs 25:33; ׳חָטָא בְּל Psalm 39:2; compare Psalm 64:9 (text dubious, see Hup Che Bae); moral qualities ascribed to: — as arrogant Psalm 12:5 (compare Psalm 12:4 above); as devising injuries, ׳הַוּוֺת תַּחְשֹׁב ל Psalm 52:4, compare הַוֺת ׳לְ Proverbs 17:4; תַּצְמִיד מִרְמָה ׳ל Psalm 50:19 nectere fraudem; ׳מֵרָ֑ע נְצֹר ל Psalm 34:14 ׅ "" (וּשְׂפָתֶיךָ מִדַּבֵּר מִרְמָה; often of lying tongue: לְשׁוֺן שֶׁקֶר Proverbs 6:17; Proverbs 12:19; Proverbs 21:6; Proverbs 26:28; Psalm 109:2; מִרְמָה ׳לְ Psalm 52:6; רְמִיָּה ׳לָ Micah 6:12; Psalm 120:2; Psalm 120:3; תַּרְמִית ׳לְ Zephaniah 3:13; תַּהְמֻּכוֺת ׳לְ Proverbs 10:31, and ׳נֶהְמָּךְ בִּל Proverbs 17:20; עֲרוּמִים׳ל Job 15:5; also מִרְמָה דִּבֵּ֑ר ׳ל Jeremiah 9:7; on the other hand צַדִּיק ׳לְ Proverbs 10:20; חֲכָמִים ׳ל Proverbs 12:18; Proverbs 15:2; ׳מַרְמֵּה לָ Proverbs 15:4; לִמּוּדִים ׳לְ Isaiah 50:4. — Note phrases ׳שׁוֺט ל Job 5:21 scourge of (the) tongue, רִיב לְשֹׁנוֺת Psalm 31:21; מַּלַּג לְשׁוֺנָם Psalm 55:10: also ׳בַּעַל הַלּ Ecclesiastes 10:11 (of serpent-charmer), and ׳וַתֵּעֲלוּ עַלשְֿׂפַת ל Ezekiel 36:3. — On tongue of ׳י (once), see 4 below
c. organ of singing, subject of רָנַן Psalm 51:16; Psalm 126:2; Isaiah 35:6, עָנָה Psalm 119:172.
2 = language Deuteronomy 28:49; Jeremiah 5:15 and later, namely: Ezekiel 3:5,6 (׳כִּבְדֵי ל, "" עִמְקֵי שָׂפָה, but strike out ᵐ5 Manuscripts Co SgfrKauAT), Isaiah 28:11 ("" אַחֶרֶת ׳ל, לַעֲגֵי שָׂפָה, figurative of ׳יs unintelligible dealings); ׳עַם ֗֗֗ נִלְעַג ל Isaiah 33:19 ("" עִמְקֵי שָׂפָה); Isaiah 66:18 ("" גּוֺיִם), Zechariah 8:23; Genesis 10:5,20,31 (all P), Nehemiah 13:24; Esther 1:22 (twice in verse); Esther 3:12; Esther 8:9 (twice in verse); Daniel 1:4.
3 tongue of animals: dog Exodus 11:7 (J; object of I. חָרַץ q. v.; compare 1b), Psalm 68:24; adder Job 20:16 (subjectof תַּהֲרֹג); crocodile Job 40:25.
4 tongue of fire, devouring, כֶּאֱכֹל קַשׁ לְשׁוֺן אֵשׁ Isaiah 5:24; compare of ׳י, וּלְשׁוֺנוֺ כְּאֵשׁ אֹכָ֑לֶת Isaiah 30:27 ("" שְׂפָתָיו מָֽלְאוּ זַעַם).
5 = (tongue-shaped) wedge of gold Joshua 7:21,24 (JE). **So Assyrian lišânu; see MeissnZAW xxlii {1905}, 151 f. JohnsAssyrian Deeds 2, 281.
6 = (tongue-shaped) bay of sea Isaiah 11:15; Joshua 15:2,5; Joshua 18:19 (all P).
לִשָּׁן noun masculineDaniel 3:7 tongue (ᵑ7 Syriac; see Biblical Hebrew לָשׁוֺן, √ לשׁן ); — tongue = language, figurative for people: absolute ׳עַם אֻמָּה וְל Daniel 3:29; plural emphatic וְלִשָּׁנַיָּא ׳א ׳ע Daniel 3:4; Daniel 3:7; Daniel 4:31; Daniel 5:19; Daniel 6:26; Daniel 7:14 (compare Biblical Hebrew לָשׁוֺן
2, Isaiah 66:18).
מָא see מָה. below
