עֵד₆₉ noun masculine^{Deuteronomy 17:6} witness (probably from reiterating, hence emphatically affirming); — ׳ע absolute Genesis 31:48 +, construct Exodus 20:16 +; suffix עֵדִי Job 16:19; plural עֵדִים Numbers 35:30 +, construct עֵדֵי Psalm 27:12; Psalm 35:11; suffix עֵדַי Isaiah 43:10,12, etc.; —

1 witness, testimony, evidence, of things: heap of stones Genesis 31:44,48,52 (JE), torn animal Exodus 22:12 (E), song of Moses Deuteronomy 31:19,21 (J), law-book Deuteronomy 31:26 (D), witness of ׳י against Israel; altar east of Jordan, with בֵּין, Joshua 22:27,28,34 (P), compare Isaiah 19:20; Job's evil condition Job 16:8; the moon Psalm 89:38.

2 witness, a person:

a. God, in heaven for Job Job 16:19; on earth, for Samuel 1 Samuel 12:5 (twice in verse) + 1 Samuel 12:6 ᵐ5 Th and most, Jeremiah Jeremiah 42:5; see also 1 Samuel 20:12 (insert עֵד before ׳י ᵑ6 Dr Bu Kit Löhr HPS); against persons Jeremiah 29:23; Malachi 3:5, nations Micah 1:2; between (בֵּין persons Genesis 31:50 (E).

b. Davidic dyn., to nations Isaiah 55:4.

c. witnesses, of transfer of property Jeremiah 32:10,12,25,44, betrothal Ruth 4:9,10,11; usually of testimony in court, and in civil and social relations, with בְּ against, Numbers 5:13; Joshua 24:22; 1 Samuel 12:5 +, with קום rise up against Psalm 27:12; Psalm 35:11; עָנָה עֵד שֶׁקֶר בְּ answer (in court) as a false witness against Exodus 20:16 = עֵד שָׁוְא Deuteronomy 5:17; Proverbs 25:18; לְפִי עֵדִים Numbers 35:30 (P); עַלמִּֿי עֵדִ(יםׅ Deuteronomy 17:6 (twice in verse) at the mouth of witnesses, so Deuteronomy 19:15 (twice in verse). — False witness is שֶׁקֶר ׳ע Exodus 20:16; Deuteronomy 19:18 (twice in verse); Psalm 27:12; Proverbs 6:19; Proverbs 14:5; שְׁקָרִים ׳ע Proverbs 12:17; Proverbs 19:5,9; כְּזָבִים ׳ע Proverbs 21:28; חִנָּם ׳ע Proverbs 24:28; בְּלִיַּעַל ׳ע Proverbs 19:28; חָמָס ׳ע witness of (i.e. supporting) violence Exodus 23:1 (E) Deuteronomy 19:16; Psalm 35:11. Faithful witness is אֱמוּנִים ׳ע Proverbs 14:5; אֱמֶת ׳ע Jeremiah 42:5; Proverbs 14:25.