עִם preposition with (Aramaic עִם, , Sabean עם DHM^{Epigr. Denkm. 12} Hom^{Chrest. 51}; compare Arabic (but see Prät^{BAS. i. 26})), suffix עִמִּי₄₆ and עִמָּדִי₄₅ (probably akin to Arabic side, beside: compare √ ענד), without difference of meaning (עמי in Pentateuch Genesis 31:31; Genesis 39:7,12,14; Exodus 33:12; Leviticus 26:21,23,27,40 [H] Numbers 22:19; Joshua-Kings 13 t.; Psalm 42:9; Psalm 86:17; Job 10:17; Ruth 1:11; Esther 7:8; in Daniel 7 t.; Ezra, Nehemiah, Chronicles 11 t.: עמדי in Pentateuch Genesis [J E] 14 t., Exodus 17:2; Leviticus 25:23; Deuteronomy 5:28; Deuteronomy 32:34,39; Judges Samuel 7 t.; Psalm 23:4; Psalm 50:11; Psalm 55:19; Psalm 101:6; Job 14 t., Ruth 1:8); עִמְּךָ, עִמְּכָה 1 Samuel 1:26, עִמָּ֑ךְ; עִמּוֺ, עִמָּהּ; עִמָּ֫נוּ; עִמָּכֶם; עִמָּם₂₇ (Genesis 18:16, etc.: Genesis-Kings 20 t.; Nehemiah 13:25; not Ezra, Chronicles), and עִמָּהֶם₂₃ (chiefly late: Numbers 22:12; Deuteronomy 29:16 (24 עמם), Jonah 1:3; Job 1:4, and 19 t. Nehemiah Ezra Chronicles): —

1 of fellowship and companionship (Latin cum), as Genesis 13:1 ולוט עמו and Lot with him, Genesis 18:16; Genesis 19:30; Genesis 24:54 הוא והאנשׁים אשׁר עמו, וכל ישׂראל עמו Joshua 7:24 al.; + often peculiar to Chronicles, Ezra are clauses introduced by ועמהם ֗֗֗ 1 Chronicles 12:34; 1 Chronicles 13:2; 1 Chronicles 15:8 +, Ezra 8:13,14 (Aramaic Ezra 5:2) +; so ועמו ֗֗֗ 1 Chronicles 12:28; 2Chronicles 17:14-18; 26:17; Ezra 8:3-12,33. Coupling substantives, together with, chiefly in poetry: Deuteronomy 12:23 לא תאכל הנפשׁ עם הבשׂר, Joshua 11:21; Judges 16:3; Ecclesiastes 7:11; 2 Samuel 1:24 שָׁנִי עִם עֲדָנִים, Deuteronomy 32:14 עִם חֵלֶב כרים, Deuteronomy 32:14; Deuteronomy 32:24; Deuteronomy 32:25; Amos 4:10; Isaiah 25:11; Isaiah 34:7; Jeremiah 6:11; Jeremiah 51:40; Nahum 3:12; Psalm 66:15 אעשׂה בקר עם עתודים, Psalm 81:3; Psalm 83:8; Psalm 87:4; Psalm 89:14; Psalm 104:25 +, Songs 1:11; Songs 4:13 (twice in verse) כפרים עם נרדים, Songs 4:14; Songs 4:14; Songs 5:1 (3 t. in verse). Unusually, Esther 9:25 אמר עם הספר he ordered in conjunction with writing, in a written order. Poetic or late uses: Psalm 42:9 ובלילה שִׁירֹה עמי, Psalm 89:22 אשׁר יָדִי תִּכּוֺן עמו, Psalm 89:25; in Job of the companionship of sufferings or prosperity, Job 6:4 תִצֵּי שַׁדַּי עמדי, Job 17:2 אם לא הֲתֻלִים עמדי, Job 29:6 וְצוּר יָצוּק עִמדי פלגי שׁמן, Job 29:20 כבודי חָדָשׁ עמדי, 2 Chron 14:5 ואין עמו מלחמה, 2 Chron 16:19 ישׁ עמך מלחמות, 2 Chronicles 28:10 עִמָּכֶם אֲשָׁמוֺת. Hence, in particular a. of aid, Exodus 23:5; Deuteronomy 22:4; 1 Chronicles 12:19; especially of God, Genesis 21:22 אלהים עמך, Genesis 26:3 ואהיה עמך, Genesis 26:33; Genesis 31:3,5; Exodus 3:12; Joshua 1:5; Isaiah 8:10 כי עמנו אל Psalm 23:4; Psalm 46:8; Psalm 46:12; Job 29:5 + often (compare אֵת, Genesis 39:2,3,21,23; Isaiah 43:5 +): so הִתְחַזַּק עם 1 Chronicles 11:10; 2Chronicles 16:9; Daniel 10:21, עָזַר עם 1 Chronicles 12:21, כי גם ידם עם דוד 1 Samuel 22:17; 2 Samuel 3:12; 1 Chronicles 4:10 (compare Exodus 23:1, and II.אֵת

a.). With the help of (= Greek σύν), 1 Samuel 14:45 כי עם אלהים עשׂה היום הזה, Daniel 11:39 (rare).

b. Of actions done jointly with another, as ירשׁ עם inherit with, Genesis 21:10, כרת ברית עם Genesis 26:28 + often, חָלַק (חִלֵּק) עם to share with Joshua 22:8; Isaiah 53:12 +; compare Deuteronomy 10:9 חֵלֶק וְנַחֲלָה עִם אֶחָיו, Deuteronomy 18:1.

c. If the common action be of the nature of a contest or combat, עִם is with in the sense of against: so often with נִלְחַם to fight, נִשְׁמַּט to dispute, נֶאֱבַק to wrestle, רִיב to strive (see these verbs), Genesis 26:20; Genesis 30:8; Genesis 32:29; בּא בְּמִשְׁמָּט עם to enter into judgment with Isaiah 3:14 +, Job 14:3 (הֵבִיא), עִם ׳רִיב לי Hosea 4:1 +; hence, without a verb expressing the idea explicitly, Psalm 94:16 מי יקום לי עִם מְרֵעִים in the struggle with evil-doers ? v^b Psalm 55:19 כי בְרַבִּים היו עמדי for as many are they in combat with me, Job 9:14 אֶבְחֲרָה דְבָרַי עמו in the contest with him, Job 10:17b; Job 16:21; perhaps צָדַק עִם Job 9:2; Job 25:4 (compare

4b end).

d. Of dealing with a person, or of the relation in which one stands with, or towards, another: as עשׂה חסד עם to do kindness with Genesis 24:12 + often (in 1 person observe that in this phrase עמדי, not עמי, is regul. used, Genesis 19:19; Genesis 20:13; Genesis 40:14; 1 Samuel 20:14; 2 Samuel 10:2 ["" 1 Chronicles 19:2 עמי: here only], al.), עשׂה טוב עם Genesis 26:29 +, see also Genesis 20:9; Genesis 31:29; Deuteronomy 33:21; Judges 15:3; Job 10:12; Job 13:20; Job 42:8; Psalm 86:17 (compare אִתְּכֶם Deuteronomy 1:30; Deuteronomy 10:21; and Aramaic Daniel 3:32), Psalm 119:124; Psalm 126:2 (1 Samuel 12:24), Job 33:29; הֵיטִיד עם Genesis 32:10,13 +, הֵרַע עִם Genesis 31:7; רָצָה עם be well pleased with Psalm 50:18; Job 34:9; דִּבֶּר עם to speak with (subject usually God) Exodus 19:9 + (see דִּבֶּר 3e), hence דָּבָר עִם Judges 18:7,28; 2 Samuel 3:17; 1 Kings 1:7; Job 15:11 דָּבָר לָאַט עמך a word (spoken) Gently with thee, compare Job 11:5 ויפתח שׂפתיו עמך; יֵאָמֵן עם2Chronicles 1:9: and with adjectives תמים עם perfect with (i.e. toward) Deuteronomy 18:13; Psalm 18:24, שָׁלֵם עם 1 Kings 8:61 +; compare וְלִבָּם לֹא נָכוֺן עִמּוֺ Psalm 78:37, 2 Samuel 21:4; 2 Samuel 23:5; 1 Kings 3:6 (עמך), Micah 6:8 הַצְנֵעַ לֶכֶת עִם אֱלֱהָיו, Psalm 73:22 toward thee, 1 Chronicles 19:6; Hosea 12:1 (?); also הָלַךְ קְרִי עִם Leviticus 26:21ff. (7 t.), מַמְרִים הֱיִיתֶם עם Deuteronomy 9:7,24; Deuteronomy 31:27; 2Chronicles 16:10; 26:19; Psalm 85:5; Job 10:17 a.

e. Of a common lot, Genesis 18:23 האף תספה צדיק עם רשׁע together with the wicked, Genesis 18:25; Job 3:14,15; Isaiah 38:11; Psalm 26:9 אל תאסף עם חטּאים נפשׁי, v^b Psalm 28:3 (twice in verse), Psalm 69:29; Job 30:1; 1 Chronicles 24:5; hence like, Psalm 73:5 ועם אדם לא יְנֻנָּ֑עוּ with (i.e. like) men (in General), Psalm 106:6 חטאנו עם אבותינו, Ecclesiastes 2:16 ואיך ימות הֶחָכָם עם הכסיל i.e. like the fool.

f. Of equality or resemblance Generally (poetry), Job 9:26 חָֽלְפוּ עִם אֳנִיּוֺת אֵבֶה they pass by with, i.e. as swiftly as, skiffs of reed, Job 37:18 תרקיע עמו שׁחקים i.e. like him, Job 40:15 אשׁר עשׂיתי עמך; so נִמְשַׁל עִם Psalm 28:1; Psalm 143:7, נֶחְשַׁב עִם Psalm 88:5.

g. Of time, = as long as, Psalm 72:5 יִירָאוּךָ עם שׁמשׁ as long as the sun endureth (compare Aramaic Daniel 3:33; Daniel 4:31; also see Amos. i. 15, 16 cum sole et luna semper Aratus erit); at the time of (?) 2 Chronicles 21:19 (but read perhaps מֵחָלְיוֺ); and with infinitive (late), Ezra 1:11; עִם הֵעָלוֺת הַגּוֺלָה (compare ἅμα τῷ followed by infinitive Judges 3:21; Judges 9:33; also עִם Ecclus 40:14).

2 Of a locality, close to, beside: Genesis 25:11 וישׁב יצחק עם נאר לחי ראי beside the well of, etc., Genesis 35:4 תַּחַת הָאֵלָה אשׁר עם שׁכם (so, after אשׁר, Joshua 7:2; Judges 9:6; Judges 18:22; 2 Samuel 13:23), Joshua 19:46 (?), Judges 18:3 הֵמָּה עִם בֵּית מִיכָה (so Judges 19:11; 2 Samuel 20:8), 1 Samuel 10:2; 2 Samuel 6:7 וַיָּ֫מָת ׳שָׁם עִם אֲרוֺן הא, 2 Samuel 19:38; 2 Samuel 24:16; 1 Kings 1:9; 1 Chronicles 13:14 by the house of O., in its own house (see Be), 1 Chronicles 21:15 (2 Samuel 24:16), 2Sam 26:16 (compare אֵת

2). By a person, Deuteronomy 5:28 וְאַתָּה עֲמֹד מֹּה עמדי by me, 1 Samuel 1:26 הַנִּצֶּבֶת עִמְּכָה +; of one living near another, Exodus 22:24; Leviticus 25:35,36,39,47.

3 Of persons, עִם is specifically

a. in the house or family or service of (apud, chez): Genesis 23:4 גֵּר וְתוֺשָׁב עמך (figurative of ׳י Leviticus 25:23; Psalm 39:13), Genesis 27:44; Genesis 29:14 וַיֵשֶׁב עִמּוֺ, Genesis 29:25 עבדתי עמך I have served with thee (so Genesis 29:30, compare Deuteronomy 15:16), Genesis 31:38; Leviticus 25:6,40 (twice in verse); Leviticus 25:50,53; Deuteronomy 22:2; Deuteronomy 23:17; Judges 17:10; 2 Samuel 19:34; 1 Kings 11:22; compare 1 Samuel 2:21 ׳עם י i.e. at his sanctuary.

b. In the possession of (Latin penes): Genesis 24:25 straw, etc., is עִמָּנוּ, Genesis 31:32; Deuteronomy 17:19 והיתה עמו with him, at his side, Deuteronomy 29:16; Job 28:14 וְיָם אָמַר אֵין עִמָּדִי; = stored up with, Deuteronomy 32:34 כָּמֻס עִמָּדִי Job 27:13 (but read here probably מֵאֵל; compare Job 20:29); of ethical or mental attributes, 1 Samuel 25:25 וּנְבָלָה עִמּוֺ, Job 12:13 עִמּוֺ חָנְמָה וּגְבוּרָה, Job 12:16; Job 25:2; Psalm 130:7; 2Chronicles 19:3,7. compare figurative Psalm 36:10 כי עמך מְקוֺר חַיִּים.

c. In the custody or care of, 1 Samuel 9:23 שִׂים אֹתָהּ עִמָּ֑ךְ; 1 Samuel 22:23 כִּי מִשְׁמֶרֶת אַתָּה עִמָּדִי: compare Job 17:3 עָרְבֵנִי עִמָּ֑ךְ be surety for me with thyself.

d. Beside = except, Deuteronomy 32:39 אֵין אלהים עִמָּדִי, Psalm 73:25 ועמך לא חפצתי בארץ and beside thee I delight not (in aught that is) upon earth (al. in comparison of thee, 1f), 2 Chron 14:10 וְאֵין עִמְּךָ לַעֲזֹר there is none beside thee to help, 2 Chronicles 20:6; perhaps Hosea 9:8 (Hi Ke; but very dubious, see Commentaries). compare אֵת 1b.

e. With = friendly with, Genesis 31:2 כי איננו עמי (synonym Genesis 31:5 אֶל towards), 2 Kings 10:15 לְבָבִי עִם לְבָֽבְךָ, Proverbs 23:7 וְלִבּוֺ בַל עִמָּ֑ךְ.

4 Idiomatic of a thought or purpose present with one: —

a. ׳עִם לְבַב פ, especially in Deuteronomy and the later Deuteronomic style, Deuteronomy 8:5 וְיָדַעְתָּ עִם לְבָבְךָ thou shalt know with thy heart, Deuteronomy 15:9 פן יהיה דבר עם לבבך בליעל a wicked thought with thy heart, Joshua 14:7 I brought back word כָאשׁר עם לבבי ׳היה עם לְבַב פ, especially of a purpose, 1 Kings 8:17 ויהי עם ׳לבב דוד לִבְנוֺת וגו i.e. it was David's purpose to build, etc., 1 Kings 8:18; 1 Kings 8:18; 1 Kings 10:2 (= 2 Chronicles 6:7,8 (twice in verse); 2Chronicles 9:1), 1 Chronicles 22:7; 1 Chronicles 28:2 (both based on 1 Kings 8:17, etc.), 2Chronicles 1:11; 24:4; 29:10; rather differently, to muse or talk with one's heart, Psalm 77:7; Ecclesiastes 1:16.

b. עִם alone, = in one's consciousness, whether of knowledge or memory or purpose (compare אֵת 3b; W^{AG ii. § 66}): Numbers 14:24 עֵקֶב הָֽיְתָה רוּחַ אַחֶרֶת עִמּוֺ i.e. operating in his mind, 1 Kings 11:11 יען אשׁר היתה זאת עמך, 1 Chronicles 28:12 the pattern of all אשׁר היה בָרוּחַ עמו that was in spirit (i.e. mentally) with him, Psalm 50:11 וְזִיז שָׂדַי עִמָּדִי is with me (i.e. is known to me; "" ידעתי), probably also Psalm 73:23; Psalm 139:18 (= in thy thought and care); Job 9:35 לא כן אנכי עמדי not so am I with myself (my consciousness — or conscience — does not tell me that I need dread him), Job 10:13 ידעתי כי זאת עמך i.e. that this was thy purpose ("" אֵלֶּה צָפַנְתָּ בִּלְבָבֶ֑ךָ), Job 15:9 ולא עמנו הוא and is not with us (= in our knowledge; "" וְלֹא נֵדָ֑ע), Job 23:10 כי ידע דרך עמדי the way of which I am conscious (De; Ew Di the way attending me, my usual way), Job 23:14 וְכָהֵנָּה רַבּוֺת עמו i.e. he has many such purposes, Job 27:11 אֲשֶׁד עִם שַׁדָּי לֹא אֲכַחֵד i.e. his purposes or principles of action. Also sometimes in the judgment or estimation of, 1 Samuel 2:26 טוֺב עִם, 2 Samuel 6:22 נִכְבַּד עִם, perhaps צָדַק עִם Job 9:2; Job 25:4 (Ges Bu; but Ew as

1c, Hi De beside, in comparison of).

5 Metaph. together with = in spite of, notwithstanding Nehemiah 5:18 וְעִם זֶה (compare W^{AG ii. § 57}; in Hebrew בְּ is the more usual synonym). — In 1 Samuel 16:12 אַדְמֹנִי עִם יְפֵה עֵינַיִם (compare 1 Samuel 17:42 עִם יְפֵה מַרְאֶה), if text correct, יפה must be a neuter substantive, with beauty of eyes; but read probably (Gr Bu) עֶלֶם a youth (1 Samuel 17:56; 20:22) for עם (see HPS; Che^{Expos. T. x. 521} אַדְמֹנִי עֶצֶם, compare Lamentations 4:7). מֵעִם₇₂ from with or beside (= παρὰ with a Genitive: compare מֵאֵת): hence

a. after verbs of departing, taking, removing, etc., Genesis 13:14 אַחֲרֵי הִמָּרֶדֿ לוֺט מֵעִמּוֺ, Genesis 26:16 לֵךְ מֵעִמָּנוּ, 1 Samuel 10:2,9; 1 Samuel 14:17 מי הלך מעמנו, 2 Samuel 1:2; 1 Samuel 16:14 סרה מעם שׁאול ׳ורוח י, 1 Samuel 18:12; 2 Kings 2:9 בטרם אֶלָּקַח מעמך; 2 Samuel 15:28 עַד בּוֺא דָבָר מֵעִמָּכֶם; of heart turning ׳מעם י Deuteronomy 29:17; 1 Kings 11:9; after שׁאל to ask, Exodus 22:13; Deuteronomy 10:12 ׳מה י שֹׁאֵל מֵעִמָּ֑ךְ, 1 Samuel 1:17; 1 Samuel 20:28 (Niph`al), Isaiah 7:11 +; דרשׁ to require, Deuteronomy 18:19; Deuteronomy 23:22, 1 Kings 14:5 (to inquire); יצא מֵעִם פרעה from (being) with Phoenician Exodus 8:8; Exodus 8:25; Exodus 8:26; Exodus 9:33 +: compare 2 Samuel 3:26; 1 Samuel 18:13 ויסירהו שׁאול מעמו; and מַעִם מְּנֵי Genesis 44:29; Job 1:12. Sq. a word denoting a place, Genesis 48:12 וַיּוֺצֵא יוֺסֵָף אֹתָם מֵעִם בִּרְכָּיו, Exodus 21:14 מֵעִם מִזְבְּחִי (compare 1 Samuel 2:33), Judges 9:37 מֵעִם טַבּוּר הארץ, 1 Samuel 20:34 מֵעִם הַשֻּׁלְחָן; Job 28:4 מֵעִם גָּר away from, far from (si vera lectio).

b. Genesis 24:27 אשׁר לא עזב חסדו מעם אֲדֹנִי (compare with הכרית 1 Samuel 20:15, הסיר 2 Samuel 7:15; 1 Chronicles 17:13 ("" 2 Samuel 7:15 מן), הפיר Psalm 89:34); Ruth 4:10 לאֹיִֿכָּרֵת שֵׁם מֵעִם.

c. From the possession, or custody, of (compare עִם 3b, c): so with גזל Genesis 31:31, ערב to take in pledge Genesis 44:32, גנב Exodus 22:11, יצא (subject a slave; compare עם 3a) Leviticus 25:41; Deuteronomy 15:16 (compare with שִׁלַּח חָפְשִׁי Deuteronomy 15:12,13,18; Jeremiah 34:14, הִנָּצֵל Deuteronomy 23:16), לקח 2 Samuel 3:15, קנה 2 Samuel 24:21.

d. Expressing origination or authorship: 1 Samuel 20:7 כִּי כָֽלְתָה הָרָעָה מֵעִמּוֺ, 1 Samuel 20:9; 1 Samuel 20:33 (compare מֵאֵת Esther 7:17); especially of ׳י (compare מֵאֵת

c), Genesis 41:32 ׳נָכוֺן הַדָּבָר מֵעִם הא is established from, on the part of, God, 1 Kings 2:33 ׳שׁלום ֗֗֗ מעם י, 1 Kings 12:15 (2 Chronicles 10:15) כִי הָֽיְתָה סִבָּה ׳מעם י, Isaiah 8:18 signs and portents ׳מעם י, Isaiah 28:29 יצאה ׳גם זאת מעם י, Isaiah 29:6; Psalm 121:2 ׳עֶזְרִי מעם י Ruth 2:12. And of a judgment proceeding from any one: 2 Samuel 3:28 ׳נקי מעם י = pronounced guiltness by ׳י, Job 34:33 הֲמֵעִמְּךָ at thy judgment shall he requite ? (compare מִן

2d end).

עִם₂₂ preposition with (Biblical Hebrew עִם: so ᵑ7 Syriac () and General Aramaic); — suffix עִמִּי Daniel 3:32, עִמָּךְ Ezra 7:13, עִמֵהּ Daniel 2:22, עִמְּהוֺן Ezra 5:2; —

1. a. together with, Daniel 2:18,43; Daniel 7:13 עִםעֲֿנָנֵי שְׁמַיָּא, Ezra 5:2 +; whose dwelling, portion, etc., is with Daniel 2:11,22; Daniel 4:12; Daniel 5:21.

b. to speak with Daniel 6:22, to make war with Daniel 7:21; to do with ( = towards) Daniel 3:32 דִּי עֲבַד עִמִּי (compare Psalm 86:17), compare Ezra 6:8; שַׁוִּי עִם to make like to Daniel 6:21.

2 of time, Daniel 3:33 = Daniel 4:31 עִםדָּֿר וְדָר (co-exists) with all Generations (compare Biblical Hebrew 1g); Daniel 7:2 עִםלֵֿילְיָא during the night.