I. צָפוֺן₁₅₃ noun feminine^{Isaiah 43:6} north (as the hidden, dark; compare Thes Lewy^{Fremdw. 188 f.}; perhaps Phoenician צפל north); — absolute ׳צ Jeremiah 26:26 +, צָפֹ֫נָה northward Genesis 13:14 +, oftener צָפ֫וֺנָה Jeremiah 3:12 +, also צָפ֫וֺנָה = צָפוֺן Jeremiah 1:13 + (after prepositions and stative construct; compare Ges^{§ 90e}); construct מִצְּפוֺן לְ Joshua 8:11 +, also מִצְּפוֺן Joshua 19:14 Gi (compare Benn; van d. H. Baer ׳מִצָּ), מִצְּפ֫וֺנָה לְ Judges 21:19; (׳צ occurs oftenest in Ezekiel [46 t.], Joshua [25 t.], Jeremiah [25 t.], Daniel [9 t.]); — north (opposite south, east, west) Genesis 13:14; Genesis 28:14 (both J), Exodus 27:11 (P), +; ׳מְּאַת צ north side Exodus 26:20; Joshua 15:5 + (see מֵּאָה); so ׳צֶלַיע צ Exodus 26:35, ׳רוּחַ הַצּ Ezekiel 42:17, compare עַליֶֿרֶךְ הַמִּזְבֵּחַ צָפ֫וֺנָה 2 Kings 16:14; ׳גְּבוּל צ Numbers 34:7,9 north boundary; ׳יַתְכְּתֵי צ remote parts of north Isaiah 14:13 (as divine abode), Ezekiel 38:6,15 + (see [ יַרְכָה]); ׳שַׁעַר הַצּ Ezekiel 40:35 +, ׳מֶּתַח צ Ezekiel 42:2; ׳רוּחַ צ Ezekiel 25:23 north wind, and so ׳צ alone Songs 4:16; toward the north is צָפ֫וֺנָה Joshua 13:3 #NAME?אֶלצָֿפוֺן Ecclesiastes 1:6, ׳אֶלהַֿצּ Ezekiel 42:1, אֶלהַֿצָּפ֫וֺנָה Ezekiel 8:14, לַצָּפוֺן Ezekiel 40:23, דֶּרֶךְ הַצָּפוֺן Ezekiel 40:20, צָפ֫וֺנָה ׳ד Ezekiel 8:5 (twice in verse) +, etc.; especially (in Jeremiah, Ezekiel, etc.) of quarter whence invaders were to come, e. g. Assyrians Isaiah 14:31, compare Zephaniah 2:13, Babylonians Jeremiah 6:1,22; Jeremiah 15:12; Jeremiah 46:20,24 (׳עַםצֿ), Jeremiah 47:2, Ezekiel 26:7, Cyrus against Babylonian Isaiah 41:25, compare Jeremiah 50:3,9,41; Jeremiah 51:48; more vaguely, Jeremiah 1:14,15 (׳מַמְלְכוֺת צ), Jeremiah 4:6; Jeremiah 10:22; Jeremiah 13:20; Jeremiah 25:9,26 (׳מַלְכֵי הַצּ); of Gog's host Ezekiel 38:6,15; Ezekiel 39:2; ׳נְסִיכֵי צ Ezekiel 32:30 (apparently of nearer [Aramaean?] princes); ׳אֶרֶץ צ Jeremiah 31:8 is region of Carchemish, but Zechariah 2:10; Zechariah 6:6,8 (twice in verse) of Babylon; ׳מֵאֶרֶץ צ (sometimes + other countries) the exiles and dispersed are to return Jeremiah 3:18; Jeremiah 16:15 = Jeremiah 23:8; Jeremiah 31:8, compare Isaiah 43:6; Isaiah 49:12; ׳מֶלֶךְ הַצּ Daniel 11:6,7,8,11,13,15,40 denotes successive Seleucidae.