I. רָעָה₁₆₇ verb pasture, tend, graze (Assyrian rê°û, verb pasture, noun ruler, Tel Amarna ru—i (as Canaanism) Wkl^{No. 181, 11}; Arabic , Ethiopic Aramaic רְעָא, , all = Biblical Hebrew); —

Qal Perfect3masculine singular consecutive וְרָעָה Micah 5:3 +, 1 singular suffix consecutive זּרְעִיתִים Ezekiel 34:13, 3plural suffix consecutive וְרָעוּם Jeremiah 23:4, etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular יִרְעֶה Isaiah 27:20 +, jussive יֵ֫רַע Job 20:26, suffix יִרְעֶנָּה Psalm 80:14, וַיִרְעֵם Psalm 78:72 (׳וַיַּר

Hiph`il van d. H.), etc.; Imperative masculine singular רְעֵה Micah 7:14 +, suffix רְעֵם Psalm 28:9; feminine singular רְעִי Songs 1:8; masculine plural רְעוּ Genesis 29:7; Infinitive construct לִרְעוֺת Genesis 37:12 +, etc.; Participle רֹעֶה Genesis 30:36 +, suffix רֹעִי Psalm 23:1 +; feminine singular רֹעָה Genesis 29:9; Proverbs 25:19, etc.; —

1 transitive

a. pasture, tend (pascere), literal, with accusative צאֹן Genesis 30:31,36; Genesis 37:12 (all J), Exodus 3:1 (E), 1 Samuel 17:15; 1 Samuel 25:16; Isaiah 61:5, accusative of asses Genesis 36:24 (P), kids Songs 1:8; accusative (צאֹן) omitted Genesis 29:7; Genesis 37:13 (ב location) Genesis 37:16 (all J), Songs 1:7 ("" הִרְבִּיץ), Job 24:2 (ᵐ5 Me Siegf Bu וְרֹעוֺ); — metaphor גֹּרֶן וָיֶקֶב לֹא יִרְעֵם Hosea 9:2, but read יֵדָעֵם ᵐ5 We Now GASm; מָוֶת יִרְעֵם Psalm 49:15.

b. figurative of ׳י, accusative of person, Genesis 48:15 (E) God, who shepherded me; with accusative of people, as flock Hosea 4:16; Isaiah 40:11; Micah 7:14 (בְּשִׁבְטֶ֑ךָ), Ezekiel 34:13 (pregnantly, with אֶל location), Ezekiel 34:14; Ezekiel 34:15 (+ הִרְבִּיץ), Ezekiel 34:16; Psalm 28:9.

c. figurative of ruler, and teacher, accusative of people, as flock, 2 Samuel 5:2 = 1 Chronicles 11:2; 2 Samuel 7:1 = 1 Chronicles 17:6; Psalm 78:72; Jeremiah 3:15; Jeremiah 23:2,4; Ezekiel 34:2,3,8,10,23 (twice in verse); Zechariah 11:4,7 (twice in verse); Zechariah 11:9; of teaching, יִרְעוּ רַבִּים שִׂפְתֵי צַדִּיק Proverbs 10:21; with ב of people Psalm 78:71; absolute Micah 5:3; with accusative of person reflexive pastured (fed, enriched) themselves Ezekiel 34:2,8,10.

d. especially participle רֹעֶה, etc., as substantive = shepherd, herdsman: (I) literal, צאֹן רֹעֵה Genesis 4:2; Genesis 46:32,34; Genesis 47:3 (all J), ׳רֹעֶה בַּצּ Genesis 37:2 (E), 1 Samuel 16:11; 1 Samuel 17:34; רֹעֵי מִקְנֶה Genesis 13:7 (twice in verse) (J); ׳(ה)ר alone, singular Amos 3:12 7t. (all in simile); רֹעָה shepherdess, Genesis 29:9 (J); כְּלִי רֹעֶה אֱוִילִי Zechariah 11:15 (see כְּלִי 2c), as symbol; plural (הָ)רֹעִים Amos 1:2; Exodus 2:17,19 (J) 1 Samuel 21:8 (׳אַבִּיר הָר; Gr Dr Bu Kit Löhr חָרָצִים ׳א; ᵐ5 Lag^{BN 45} HPS אֹבִיל הָעְַיָרִים, but compare We) + 8 t. + Isaiah 31:4 (simile), Isaiah 38:12 (read רֹעִים for רֹעִי Perles²⁹ Du Che^Hpt compare Di), compare (suffix) Genesis 13:8 (twice in verse) (J); כְּלִי הָרֹעִים 1 Samuel 17:40 (see כְּלִי

3); — בֵּידעֵֿקֶד הָרִעִיס. (2) figurative of ruler (as often Assyrian; compare Greek (Homer) ποιμένα λαῶν), absolute singular Jeremiah 17:16 **figurative of prophet (but Aq Symm ᵑ6 Gie Du Co מֵרָעָה); Zechariah 10:2; Zechariah 11:16; Zechariah 13:7b + 8 t. Jeremiah, Ezekiel; suffix of ׳י, רֹעִי Isaiah 44:28 (of Cyrus), Zechariah 13:7a.; Zechariah 13:17 (read רֹעִי הָאֱוִילִי We Now GASm); absolute plural Isaiah 56:11; Jeremiah 2:8; Jeremiah 3:15; Micah 5:4; Zechariah 10:3; Zechariah 11:5,8 18t. Jeremiah Ezekiel 34, + (of Assyrian leaders) Nahum 3:18; ׳רֹעֵי יִשׂ Ezekiel 34:2; צאֹנוֺ רֹעֵי Isaiah 63:11 (but read רֹעֵה [of Moses] ᵐ5 Targam Di Du and others). (3) epithet of ׳רֹעִי ׃ י ׳י Psalm 23:1, ׳רֹעֵה יִשׂ Psalm 80:2, ׳רֹעֶה אֶבֶן יִשׂ Genesis 49:24 (poem in J; read construct רֹעֵה. compare Commentaries); מֵרֹעֶה אֶחָד Ecclesiastes 12:11 De Wild, < president of assembly of sages Siegf SS.

2 intransitive feed, graze:

a. literally of cows, sheep, etc.: with ב location Genesis 41:2,18 (E), 1 Chronicles 27:29; with accusative of pasture Isaiah 30:23; with עַל location Zephaniah 2:7 (עֲלֵי הַיָּם for ᵑ0 עֲלֵיהֶם, see Now); אֶלמֿוּל location Exodus 34:3 (J); absolute Isaiah 5:17; Isaiah 11:7 ("" רבץ; but see רעה below) Isaiah 27:10 ("" id.), Isaiah 65:25; Jonah 3:7; Job 1:14.

b. figurative of idolater, Isaiah 44:20 he feedeth on ashes (accusative); compare Hosea 12:2 Ehpraimitic source feedeth on wind (acc); אִוֶּלֶת ׳מִּי כְסִילִים יִר Proverbs 15:14 (so Vrss Qr; Kt פני for פי) the mouth of fools feeds on folly (Toy; Buhl √ II. רעה, Gerber¹⁶² below III. רעה); in Canticles, with ב location, figurative of lover Songs 2:16; Songs 6:2,3; of breasts (like gazelles) Songs 4:5.

c. figurative, of Israel as flock Isaiah 14:30 ("" רבץ), read (יַ֯) בְּכָרֹי in my pasture(s), for ᵑ0 בְּכוֺרֵי, Koppe Ew Di Du (otherwise Che^Hpt, compare Marti); Zephaniah 3:13 ("" id..); with עַלדְּֿרָכִים Isaiah 49:9; with accusative of pasture-land Jeremiah 50:19; Micah 7:14; Ezekiel 34:14b ( + אֶל location), Ezekiel 34:18; Ezekiel 34:19; hence crop, strip, i.e. devastate, of conqueror, with accusative of land Micah 5:6, cf; אֶתיָֿדוֺ Jeremiah 6:3; so יִרְעוּךְ קָדְקֹד; Jeremiah 2:16; accusative of Israel under figure of vine (subject foes, as beasts) Psalm 80:14.

d. subject wind, with accusative of person Jeremiah 22:22, i. e. drive them away; subject fire, with accusative of thing, יֵרַע Job 20:26, but read perhaps יֵרָע,

Niph`al (Ol Di Hoffm Siegf Bu; otherwise Du). רֹעֶה עֲקָרָה֯ Job 24:21 is difficult; Bu חֵרַע for ׳ר; more radical conjectures in Du.

Niph`al possibly Job 20:26, see 2d above

Hiph`il Psalm 78:72 van d. H., see 1c above

רֹעֶה shepherd, רֹעָה shepherdess, see √ 1 d. above

II. [רָעָה] verb probably associate with (compare Schulth^69ff. but also Nö^{ZMG iiv (1900), 154 f.}; Assyrian ru°a, ruttu, neighbour, fellow (masculine and feminine; compare Jäger^{BAS i. 483,486}); so Bedouin , master, owner, Wallin^{ZMG v (1851), 9} Jayakar^{JA xxi. 851}; Ethiopic marriage; Arabic , Ethiopic yoke; Late Hebrew רֵעוּת friendship is from Biblical Hebrew רֵעַ); —

Qal Imperative masculine singular וּרְעֵה אֱמוּנָה Psalm 37:3 cherish faithfulness (Hup-Now RV Che Du Dr); > feed seocurely (Bae; I.רעה; feed on (his) faithfulness AmRV); Participle כְסִילִים רֹעֶה Proverbs 13:20 one associating with fools, so ׳זֹלְלְים ר Proverbs 28:7, זוֺנוֺת ׳ר Proverbs 29:3 (Thes and others think these figurative from I. רעה, see 2b).

Hithpa`el2masculine singular אַלתִּֿתְרַע אֶתבַּֿעַל אָ֑ף Proverbs 22:24 do not make companionship with a bad-tempered man; perhaps also 3 feminine plural תִּתְרָעֶינָה Isaiah 11:7 (Lag^{Or. i. 21}; Deceased Wife's Sister 399 Brd Du Che Hpt) cow and bear shall be each other's companions; + Infinitive construct הִתְרָעֹת Proverbs 18:24 (Toy, for ᵑ0 הִתְרֹעֵעַ) there are [יֵשׁ, for אִישׁ] friends (merely) to be companions (see II. רעע near the end).

[רָעָה] verb denominative Pi`el be a special friend; — Perfect3masculine singular מֵרֵעֵהוּ אֲשֶׁר רֵעָה לוֺ Judges 14:20 his comrade who had been 'best man' (GFM) to him.

רעה (√ of following; compare Biblical Hebrew III. רעה).