גּוֺי₅₆₁ noun masculine^{Genesis 12:2} nation, people (Late Hebrew id. Gentiles, Phoenician גו community, , Sabean גו id., DHM^{ZMG 1883, 348}) — ׳ג Genesis 12:2 121t.; suffix 1 singular גּוֺיִ Zephaniah 2:9, גּוֺיֶ֑ךָ Psalm 106:5, גּוֺיֵךְ Kt Ezekiel 36:13,14,15 (Qr wrongly גּוֺיַיִךְ compare Co, who strike out Ezekiel 36:15); plural גּוֺיִם Genesis 10:5 410t. + Qr Genesis 25:23; Psalm 79:10 (Kt גיים) + 6 t. Ezekiel (variant reading emended Co); construct גּוֺיֵי Genesis 18:18 8t., גּוֺיֵ2Chronicles 32:13; Ezra 6:21 (compare Baer's notes); suffix גּוֺיֵהֶם Genesis 10:5,20,31,32; —

1 nation, people Genesis 10:5 (twice in verse); Genesis 10:20,31,32 (twice in verse) (all P) +; Isaiah 2:2,4 (twice in verse) = Micah 4:2,3(twice in verse); Job 12:23 (twice in verse); Job 34:29 ; Proverbs 14:34; כֹּל גּוֺיֵי הָאָרֶץ Genesis 18:18; Genesis 22:18; Genesis 26:4 (all J); Deuteronomy 28:1.

a. specifically of descendants of Abraham, גּוֺי גָּדוֺל Genesis 12:2; compare Genesis 18:18 (both J), גּוֺיִם Genesis 17:6, הֲמוֺן גּוֺיִם Genesis 17:4,15 (all P); of Sarah גּוֺיִם Genesis 17:16 (P); of Ishmael גּוֺי Genesis 21:13, גָּוֺי גָּדוֺל Genesis 21:18 (both E), גּוֺי גָּדוֺל Genesis 17:20 (P); of Jacob גּוֺי וּקְהַל גּוֺיִם Genesis 35:11 (P), גּוֺי גָּדוֺל Genesis 46:3 (E); of Ephraim ׳מְלֹא הַגּ Genesis 48:19 (J); of Moses גּוֺי גָּדוֺל Exodus 32:10 (J) compare Numbers 14:12 (J) Deuteronomy 9:14; of Jacob and Esau as two nations Genesis 25:23 (J).

b. definitely of Israel Exodus 19:6 (קָדוֺשׁ ׳גּ) Exodus 33:13 (both J E), Deuteronomy 4:6 (הַגּוֺי הַגָּדוֺל הַזֶּה, said by heathen compare Deuteronomy 4:7; Deuteronomy 4:8) see also Deuteronomy 4:34, Deuteronomy 26:5 compare Psalm 33:12; Psalm 83:5 (said by enemies) Jeremiah 31:36; Jeremiah 33:24; Ezekiel 37:22; in narrative Joshua 3:17; Joshua 4:1; Joshua 5:8 (JE), Joshua 5:6 (D), Joshua 10:13 (in poetry, no article); of Israel and Judah as two nations Ezekiel 35:10 (said by heathen) Ezekiel 37:22; of Judah Isaiah 26:2,15 (twice in verse); compare Isaiah 58:2; Isaiah 60:22; Micah 4:7; once my people Zephaniah 2:9 ("" עַם); thy people Psalm 106:5 (i.e. of ׳י), compare also Ezekiel 36:13,14 (read Kt); especially of Israel and (or) Judah as sinful, rebellious Deuteronomy 32:28; Judges 2:20; Isaiah 1:4; Isaiah 10:6; Jeremiah 5:9,29; Jeremiah 7:28; Jeremiah 9:8; Jeremiah 12:17; Ezekiel 2:3 (strike out ᵐ5 Co) Haggai 2:14; Malachi 3:9. — Note. This definite reference to Israel and (or) Judah is comparatively rare; in Hexateuch not P (yet see Genesis 17:4,5,6,16; Genesis 35:11 P); seldom in exile & post-exile prophets; not Chronicles —

c. usually of non-Hebrew peoples Exodus 9:24; Exodus 34:10 (JE) Leviticus 25:44 (H) Numbers 14:15 (J) Deuteronomy 15:6 (twice in verse); 1 Kings 5:11; 1 Chronicles 14:17; 1 Chronicles 16:20; Isaiah 11:10,12 + often; opposed to Israel as ׳עם י 2 Samuel 7:23; 1 Chronicles 17:21 (twice in verse) etc., see עם, compare also Numbers 23:9; note especially גְּלִיל הַגּוֺיִם Isaiah 8:23 circle or district of the nations (see גָּלִיל); also ׳חֲרשֶׁת הַגּ Judges 4:2,13,16 Charosheth of the nations, & מֶלֶךְ גּוֺיִם לְגִלְגָּ֖ל Joshua 12:23 king of nations (peoples, tribes) belonging to Gilgal (ᵐ5 Di to the district, i.e 'Galilee'); especially of these peoples as heathen: idolatrous Leviticus 8:24,28 (P) Leviticus 20:23 (H) 1 Kings 14:24; 2 Kings 17:8,11,15,26,29 (twice in verse); 2Chronicles 28:3; 32:13 +, Ezra 6:21; Ezekiel 5:6 +; hostile Genesis 15:14 (J) Leviticus 26:33,38,45 (H) Deuteronomy 4:27; Deuteronomy 9:4,5; Deuteronomy 18:9; 1 Chronicles 16:35; Jeremiah 5:15; Ezekiel 4:13 #NAME? Jeremiah Ezekiel, etc.; in simile Ezekiel 20:32; Ezekiel 25:8; sometimes "" עַם Psalm 33:10; Psalm 33:12; Isaiah 11:10; Jeremiah 6:18, see also Isaiah 2:2,4 compare with Micah 4:1,3.

2 figurative of swarm of locusts Joel 1:6; of all species of beasts Zephaniah 2:14.

3 גּוֺיִם Genesis 14:1,9 probably mutilated proper name see below

גּוֺיִם proper name, of a people Genesis 14:1,9, in phrase תִּדְעָל מֶלֶךְ גּוֺיִם Tid`al king of Goim; probably a Babylonian (Elamitic, etc.) name corrupted; H. Rawlinson proposes Gutî a people northeast of Babylonia COT on Genesis 14:1; also KGF^{258and elsewhere}; compare also Dl^{Pa 233 f}.

גול see גיל.