הַר₅₅₈ noun masculine^{Genesis 7:19} mountain, hill, hill-country (Late Hebrew id., plural הָרִים, הֲרָרִים; Phoenician הר CIS^{i. 3, 17}; Sabean suffix הרתהמו DHM^{ZMG 1876, 673}); — ׳ה absolute Joshua 17:18 +; with article הָהָר Exodus 3:12 +; with ָ  ה locative הֶ֫רָה Genesis 14:10, הָהָ֫רָה Genesis 12:8 12t.; construct הַר Genesis 10:30 +; suffix הַרֲרִי Psalm 30:8, הֲרָרִי Jeremiah 17:3; הַרְכֶם Psalm 11:1; הַרֲרָם Genesis 14:6; plural הָרִים Deuteronomy 11:11 +; with article הֶהָרִים Genesis 7:19 +; construct הָרֵי Genesis 8:4 27t.; הַרֲרֵי Deuteronomy 33:15 8t. (all poetry); suffix הָרַי Isaiah 14:25; Isaiah 49:11; Zechariah 14:5 + Ezekiel 38:21 (B Co חרדה), הָרָ֑י Isaiah 65:9; הָרָיו Ezekiel 35:8; Malachi 1:3; הֲרָרֶיהָ Deuteronomy 8:9; —

1 mountain, hill (these often not sharply distinguished, but):

a. specifically mountain, high elevation, often in all the literature; — e. g. הַר סִינַי Mount Sinai (properly, the Mount of Sinai; so always) Exodus 19:11,18,20,23; Exodus 24:16; Exodus 31:18; Exodus 34:2,4,29,32; Leviticus 7:38; Leviticus 25:1; Leviticus 26:46; Leviticus 27:34; Numbers 3:1; Numbers 28:6; Nehemiah 9:13 (see סִינַי); also הָהָר = id., Exodus 19:2 10t. Exodus 19 (Exodus 19:18 read הָעָם, so Manuscripts ᵐ5 Di) Exodus 20:18; Exodus 24:4 6t. Exodus 24; Exodus 25:40; Exodus 26:30; Exodus 27:8; Exodus 32:1,15,19; Exodus 34:2,3(twice in verse); Exodus 34:29; = הֵר חוֺרֵב Exodus 33:6 (see חֹרֵב), also אֶלהַֿר הָאֱלֹהִים חֹרֵ֑בָה Exodus 3:1, עַד הַר הָאֱלֹהִים חֹרֵב 1 Kings 19:8; further הָהָר = id., Deuteronomy 4:11 (twice in verse); Deuteronomy 5:4,5,19,20; Deuteronomy 9:9 10t. Deuteronomy 9.. 10, 1 Kings 19:11; = הַר הָאֱלֹהִים Exodus 4:27; Exodus 18:5; Exodus 24:13 (all J E) = הַר יחוה Numbers 10:33 (compare Di); see further הֹר הָהָר Hor the mount (so always) Numbers 20:22 10t. Numbers; Deuteronomy 32:50; = חָחָר Numbers 20:28 (twice in verse); הַר נְבוֺ Deuteronomy 32:49; Deuteronomy 34:1 = הָהָר Deuteronomy 32:50; = הַר הָעֲבָרִים הַזֶּה Numbers 27:12; Deuteronomy 32:49, compare (לִפְנֵי נְבוֺ) הָרֵי הָעֲבָרִים Numbers 33:47,48; הַר גְּרִזִּים Mt. Gerizim Deuteronomy 11:29; Deuteronomy 27:12; Joshua 8:33; ראֹשׁ הַרגְּֿרִזִּים Judges 9:7; הַר עֵֹיבָ֑ל Mt. Ebal Deuteronomy 11:29; Deuteronomy 27:4; Deuteronomy 24:13; Joshua 8:30,33; also הַר חֶרְמוֺן Mt. Hermon Deuteronomy 3:8; Joshua 11:17; Joshua 12:1,5; Joshua 13:5,11; 1 Chronicles 5:23; compare Deuteronomy 4:48 הַר שִׂיאֹן הוּא חֶרְמוֺן (see חֶרְמוֺן), & הַר בַּעַל חֶרְמוֺן (see id., & בעל חרמון below בעל); הַר חַלְּבָנוֺן Mt. Lebanon Judges 3:3, compare מְרוֺם הָרִים יַרְכְּתֵי לְבָנוֺן 2 Kings 19:23 = Isaiah 37:24 (see לבנון); הַר הַכַּרְמֶ֑ל Mt. Carmel 1 Kings 18:19,20; 2 Kings 2:25; 2 Kings 4:25 (see כרמל); הָהָר = id., 2 Kings 4:27, apparently also 2 Kings 1:9; הַר תָּבוֺר Mt. Tabor, Judges 4:6,12,14, compare Jeremiah 46:18 תָּבוֺר בֶּהָרִים (opposed to כַּרְמֶל בַּיָּם); הַר הַגִּלְבֹּעַ 1 Samuel 31:1,8; 2 Samuel 1:6, also (poetry) ׳הָרֵי בַּגּ 2 Samuel 1:21 (compare Dr); הַרחֶֿרֶס Judges 1:35 (Stu עָר חֶרֶס) compare חֶרֶס; הַר הַזֵּיתִים Zechariah 14:4 (twice in verse) Mount of Olives, (opposed to גֵּיא) compare הָהָר אֲשֶׁר מִקֶּדֶם לָעִיר Ezekiel 11:23; also בָּהָר אֲשֶׁר עַלמְּֿנֵי יְרוּשָׁלַםִ 1 Kings 11:7 (place of Solomon's idolatry) = הַרהַֿמַּשְׁחִית 2 Kings 23:13 mountain of the destroyer (same combination in another, figurative sense Jeremiah 51:25), others derive ׳הַמ here from משׁח anoint, and render as = Mt. of Olives (cited as הר המשׁחה Talmud, Shabb. 56 b), compare Hoffm^{ZAW 1882, 175}; אַחַד הֶהָרִים in land of Moriah Genesis 22:2; mountains about Jerusalem in General, יְרוּשָׁלַםִ הָרִים סָבִיב לָהּ Psalm 125:2; compare also Psalm 121:1 ("" יהוה); הָהָר of citadel of Jerusalem Isaiah 22:5; of temple hill הַר הַבַּיִת Micah 3:12 = Jeremiah 26:18; ׳הַר בֵּיתיֿ Isaiah 2:2 = Micah 4:1; 2Chronicles 33:15; also הֲרָרִי בַּשָּׂדֶה Jeremiah 17:3; further הַר צִיּוֺן Mt. Zion Isaiah 4:5; Isaiah 8:18; Isaiah 10:12; Isaiah 18:7; Isaiah 24:23; Isaiah 29:8; Isaiah 31:4; Isaiah 37:32; Micah 4:7; Lamentations 5:18; Obadiah 17.. Joel 3:5; Psalm 48:3; Psalm 48:12; Psalm 74:2; Psalm 78:68; Psalm 125:1 (see also צִיּוֺן); compare הַר בַּ֯יתצִֿיּוֺן Isaiah 10:32, ׳הַר בַּת צ Isaiah 16:1; ׳הַריֿ Isaiah 2:3 = Micah 4:2; Isaiah 30:29; Psalm 24:3; (id. of Horeb Numbers 10:33 J E); צְבָאוֺת ׳הַריֿ הַר הַקֹּדֶשׁ Zechariah 8:3, הַרקָֿדְשִׁי Zephaniah 3:11; Obadiah 16; Ezekiel 20:40; Isaiah 11:9 = Isaiah 65:25, compare Isaiah 56:7; Isaiah 57:13; Isaiah 65:11; Joel 2:1 ("" צִיּוֺן) Joel 4:17 ("" id.) Psalm 2:6 ("" id.) Psalm 3:5; Psalm 15:1; Psalm 43:3; Psalm 48:2; see further הַרקָֿדְשִׁי יְרוּשָׁלַםִ Isaiah 66:20 compare Daniel 9:16 & הַר הַקֹּדֶשׁ יְרוּשָׁלַםִ Isaiah 27:13; also הַר צְבִיקֹֿדֶשׁ Daniel 11:45; הַרהַֿקֹּדֶשׁ Jeremiah 31:23; even הַר קֹדֶשׁ אֱלֹהַי Daniel 9:20; other designations of temple-hill are הָהָר חָמַד לְשִׁבְתּוֺ ׳א Psalm 68:17, & הַר מְרוֺם יִשְׂרָאֵל Ezekiel 17:23; Ezekiel 20:40 ("" הַרקָֿדְשִׁי); הַר קֹדֶשׁ אֱלֹהִים Ezekiel 28:14 of the distant abode of God (or gods?) so הַר אֱלֹהִים Ezekiel 28:16 (הַראֱֿלֹהִים Psalm 68:16 is General, a God's mountain, i.e. a majestic mountain, likewise in simile כְּהַרֲרֵיאֵֿל מִשְׁמָּטֶיךָ Psalm 36:7); — הַר הָאֱלֹהִים elsewhere of Horeb (Sinai) Exodus 4:27; Exodus 18:5; Exodus 24:13; 1 Kings 19:8 (see above). Note particular הַרמֿוֺעֵד Isaiah 14:13 mountain of meeting or of assembly, i.e. the dwelling-place of the gods, according to Babylonian conception, here represented as in the far north, see especially Che De Di, Dl^{Pa 117 ff.} COT^{on the passage} Jr^57ff. Jen^{Kosmologie 23.} Upon the mountain is עָלהָֿהָר compare וַתֵּבְךְּ עַלבְּֿתוּלָיהָ עַלהֶֿהָרִים Judges 11:38, & the peculiar phrase וְאֵלְכָה וְיָרַדְתִּי עַלֿ הֶהָרִים Judges 11:37; go up upon עָלָה אָלֿ Exodus 19:23; Exodus 24:13; Exodus 34:4 (all J E); compare accusative in הַעַל אֹתָם הֹר הָהָר Numbers 20:25; speak with one upon is דבר בהר Exodus 31:18; Exodus 34:32; Numbers 3:1 (all P), Leviticus 25:1 (H), compare command, give commands, law, etc., בהר Leviticus 7:38; Leviticus 26:46; Leviticus 27:34 (all P or H); other phrases with בְּ upon (literally in, i.e. in the midst of a group of mountains) Exodus 34:3 בְּכָל (JE) Exodus 25:40; Exodus 26:30; Exodus 27:8; Numbers 28:6 (all P), Isaiah 13:4; but בְּחֹרֵב Psalm 106:19 = at Horeb, בְּהֹר הָהָר Numbers 33:37 at Mt. Hor; go down from the mountain is יָרַד מִןהָֿהָר Exodus 32:1,15 (both J E) Exodus 34:29 (twice in verse) (both P), compare Judges 9:36 etc.

b. mountain-range הַרבָּֿשָׁן Psalm 68:16 (twice in verse) = הַראֱֿלֹהִים Psalm 68:16; = הַרגַּֿבְנֻנִּים Psalm 68:16, הָרִים גַּבְנֻנִּים Psalm 68:17 (of the Jebel Hauran: see בשׁן).

c. mountain, indefinite, Job 14:18 ("" צוּר); usually plural mountains, in General, or the mountains, especially in poetry & the higher style; often figurative; הָרִים, הֶהָרִים, covered by flood Genesis 7:20 compare Genesis 7:19; Genesis 8:5; covered by waters & freed therefrom by word of God (at creation) Psalm 104:6; a chief work of God (in creation) Amos 4:13; Psalm 65:7; Psalm 90:2; Proverbs 8:25 ("" גְּבָעוֺת); weighed by God Isaiah 40:12; removed and overturned in anger of God Job 9:5 compare Psalm 46:3; Psalm 46:4; devastated by God Isaiah 42:15 ("" גְּבָעוֺת) compare Jeremiah 9:9; smoking at God's touch Psalm 104:32; Psalm 144:5; melting at presence of ׳י Judges 5:5; Micah 1:4; Psalm 97:5; Isaiah 63:19; Isaiah 64:2; trembling Isaiah 5:25 compare Jeremiah 4:24 ("" גְּבָעוֺת), Nahum 1:5 ("" id.), Habakkuk 3:10; called to witness Yahweh's dealings with his people Micah 6:2 ("" הָאֵתָנִים מֹסְדֵי אָ֑רֶץ) compare Micah 6:1 ("" הַגְּבָעוֺת), entreated to cover the guilty Hosea 10:8 ("" גְּבָעוֺת); addressed by ׳י also Ezekiel 6:3 ("" גְּבָעוֺת, opposed to אֲפִיקִים, גֵּאָוֺת); specifically, mountains of Israel summoned to hear ׳י and addressed by him Ezekiel 36:1 (twice in verse); Ezekiel 36:4,8; Ezekiel 37:22; Ezekiel 38:8; Ezekiel 39:2,4; summoned to praise ׳י Psalm 148:9 ("" גְּבָעוֺת) compare Isaiah 44:23; Isaiah 49:13; Isaiah 55:12 ("" גְּבָעוֺת); leaping in praise of ׳י Psalm 114:4; Psalm 114:6 (both "" גְּבָעוֺת); הַרֲרֵיקֶֿדֶם Deuteronomy 33:15 ("" גִּבְעוֺת עוֺלָם); הַרֲרֵיעַֿד Habakkuk 3:6 ("" id.); הַרֲרֵיעַֿד also Psalm 76:5 (according to ᵐ5 Bi Che; ᵑ0 has טֶרֶף for עַד), and probably Genesis 49:26 for ᵑ0 הוֺרַי עַד ("" גִּבְעֹת עוֺלָם) compare Di.

d. high mountain הַר גָּבֹהַּ Isaiah 30:25 ("" גִּבְעָה נִשָּׂאָה) compare Isaiah 40:9; Isaiah 52:7; הַר גָּכֹהַּ מְאֹד Ezekiel 40:2; הַר גָּבֹהַּ וְתָלוּל Ezekiel 17:22; plural הֶהָרִים הַגְּבֹהִים Genesis 7:19; Psalm 104:18 ("" סְלָעִים), הָרָמִים ׳הֶה Isaiah 2:14 as symbol of strength and pride ("" הַגְּבָעוֺת הַנִּשָּׂאוֺת), compare הֶהָרִים Ezekiel 38:20 ("" מַדְרֵגוֺת, חוֺמָה).

e. opposite valley or plain Joshua 12:8 (D; opposed to מִדְּבָּר, אֲשֵׁדוֺת, עֲרָבָה, שְׁפֵלָה), compare Deuteronomy 1:7, also Jeremiah 17:26 (opposed to שְׁפֵלָה); Genesis 19:17 (J; opposed to כִּכָּר); often opposed to גַּיְא 2 Kings 2:16; Ezekiel 31:12 (figurative) Ezekiel 32:5 (id.) Ezekiel 35:8 ("" גִּבְעָה), Ezekiel 36:4 ("" id.), Isaiah 40:4 ("" id.), opposed to בִּקְעָה Deuteronomy 8:7; Deuteronomy 11:11; Psalm 104:8; opposed to מִדְבָּר Lamentations 4:19 (compare Joshua 12:8 above); בֵּין הָרִים Psalm 104:10 is "" בַּנְּחָלִים; see also וְלֹאאֱֿלֹהֵי עֲמָקִים ׳אֱלֹהֵי הָרִים י 1 Kings 20:28, compare 1 Kings 20:23 (opposed to מִישׁוֺר); note also הַר הָעֵמֶק Joshua 13:19 (P), & גֵּיאהָֿרַי, גֵּיהָֿרִים Zechariah 14:5 (twice in verse); further מִדְבַּר הָרִים Psalm 75:7 mountainous desert Vrss. & most modern (Baer מִדְבָּר but compare De); mountain-ward is הֶ֫רָה Genesis 14:10.

f. mountains as hiding-places: — הַמִּנְהָרוֺת אֲוֶר בֶּהָרִים Judges 6:2 the burrows (Stanley, VB) which are in the mountains; compare Psalm 11:1; Jeremiah 16:16 ("" גִּבְעָה); הָפַךְ מִשֹּׁרֶשׁ הָרִים Job 28:9 (of mining), see also Deuteronomy 8:9.

g. mountains as running-place of gazelles 1 Chronicles 12:8; of leopards הַרֲרֵי נְמֵרִים Songs 4:8; hunting-ground for partridges 1 Samuel 26:20; עוֺף הָרִים Psalm 50:11; compare Psalm 11:1 (figurative); wandering-place of lost sheep (figurative) Nahum 3:18; 1 Kings 22:17; Jeremiah 50:6 compare Jeremiah 50:6 ("" גִּבְעָה), Ezekiel 34:6 ("" כָּלגִּֿבְעָה רָמָה) 2 Chronicles 18:16.

h. grazing-places for cattle בְּהֵמוֺת בְּהַרֲרֵיאָֿ֑לֶףPsalm 50:10 (read אֵל for אלף Ol Bi Che), compare יְתוּר הָרִים Job 39:8 of pasture of wild ass; also (si vera lectio) בּוּל הָרִים Job 40:20, i.e. mountains as furnishing food for hippopotamus; see further Songs 4:6; Songs 8:14; Proverbs 27:25.

i. as place of field and vineyards2Chronicles 26:10 (opposed to שְׁפֵלָה, מִישׁוֺר) Isaiah 7:25; see also הַמַּצְמִיחַ הָרִים חָצִיר Psalm 147:8 compare Haggai 1:11; figurative Psalm 72:3 ("" גְּבָעוֺת); in promise יִטְּפוּ הֶהָרִים עָסִיס וְהַגְּבָעוֺת תֵּלַכְנָה חָלָב Joel 4:18 compare Amos 9:13;

j. as kindled into flame (i.e. their forests; in simile) Psalm 83:15.

k. as scene of massacre, (figurative) Isaiah 34:3 melting with blood; as place of battle array, height 1 Samuel 17:3 (twice in verse).

1 as places of illicit worship Isaiah 65:7 ("" גְּבָעוֺת) compare Jeremiah 3:6 & apparently Jeremiah 3:25 ("" id.) so הַרגָּֿבֹהַּ וְנִשָּׂא Isaiah 57:7, הֶהָרִים הָרָמִים Deuteronomy 12:2 ("" הַגְּבָעוֺת); but Ezekiel 18:6,15 read perhaps הַדָּם for הרים compare RS^{K 310} & Ezekiel 33:25. masculine in various combinations צַד הָהָר 1 Samuel 23:26 (twice in verse); 2 Samuel 13:34 side of the mountain, צֵלַע הָהָר 2 Samuel 16:13 id.; מֹץ הָרִים Isaiah 17:13 chaff of mountains; זֶרֶם הָרִים Job 24:8 mountain-shower; צֵל הֶהָרִים Judges 9:36 shadow of the mountains; מִבֵּין שְׁנֵי הָרִים וְהֶהָרִים הָרֵי נְחשֶׁת Zechariah 6:1; top of mountain usually ראֹשׁ הָהָר Numbers 14:40,44; 1 Samuel 26:13; 2 Kings 1:9; as place for beacon Isaiah 30:17 ("" גִּבְעָה), (compare הַרנִֿשְׁמֶּה Isaiah 13:2 & נְשׂאֹנֵֿס הָרִים Isaiah 18:3), ראֹשׁ הֶהָרִים Isaiah 2:2 = Micah 4:1, ראֹשׁ הָרִים Isaiah 42:11 ("" סֶלַע as dwelling-place) see also Psalm 72:16; רָאשֵׁי הֶהָרִים Genesis 8:5; as lurking-places for ambuscade Judges 9:25,36, placesfor altars Ezekiel 6:13 ("" גִּבְעָה רָמָה), for sacrifice Hosea 4:13 ("" הַגְּבָעוֺת); ראֹשׁ הָהָר Joshua 15:8 = mountain-ridge, compare Joshua 15:9; Judges 16:3; תּוֺעֲפוֺת הָרִים Psalm 95:4; foundations of mountains מוֺסְדֵי הָרִים Deuteronomy 32:22; Psalm 18:8 ("" מוֺסְדוֺת הַשָּׁמַיִם 2 Samuel 22:8); compare לְקִצְבֵי הָרִים יָרַדְתִּי Jonah 2:7.

noun in figure uses: תָּדוּשׁ הָרִים וְתָדֹק וּגְבָעוֺת כַּמֹּץ תָּשִׂים Isaiah 41:15 figurative of Israel's overcoming its foes; יִתְנַגְּפוּ רַגְלֵיכֶם עַלהָֿרֵי נָ֑שֶׁף Jeremiah 13:16 of encountering hopeless calamities; הֶהָרִים Isaiah 54:10 as less permanent & changeless than Yahweh's kindness ("" גְּבָעוֺת); הַר הַמַּשְׁחִית Jeremiah 51:25 & הַר שְׂרֵפָה Jeremiah 51:25 figurative of Babylon.

2 hill-country, mountain-region,

a. opposed to plain, etc.: — dwelling-place of Canaanites, הָהָר Numbers 13:17,29 (of promised land; opposed to אֶרֶץ הַנֶּגֶב, הַיָּם & יַדהַֿיַּרְדֵּן); בָּֽעֲרָבָה בָּהָר וּבַשְּׁפֵלָה וּבַנֶּגֶב וּבְחוֺף הַיָּם Deuteronomy 1:7; בָּהָר וּבָֽעֲרָבָה נֶגֶב כִּנְַּרוֺת וּבַשְּׁפֵלָה וּבְנָפוֺת דּוֺר מִיָּם Joshua 11:2; בָּהָר וּבַשְּׁפֵלָה וּבָֽעֲרָבָה וּבָֽאֲשֵׁדוֺת וּבַמִּדְבָּר וּבַנֶּגֶב Joshua 12:8; compare Joshua 9:1; Joshua 10:40; Judges 1:9; הָהָר indefinite (the hill-country, the mountains, in General) 2Chron 2:1 (place for hewing wood) so v.2 Chronicles 2:17; Nehemiah 8:15 (place for cutting boughs), etc.

b. of a particular mountain-region, hill-country: הַר הָאֱמֹרִי Deuteronomy 1:7 (compare Deuteronomy 1:7) Deuteronomy 1:19 (compare Deuteronomy 1:24), also Joshua 10:6; of Amalekites Judges 12:15; of Ephraim Joshua 17:15; Joshua 19:50; Joshua 20:7; Joshua 21:21; Joshua 24:30,33; Judges 3:27; Judges 4:5; Judges 7:24; Judges 9:48; Judges 17:1 6t. Judges 17; 1 Samuel 1:1; 1 Samuel 9:4; 1 Samuel 14:22; 2 Samuel 20:21; 1 Kings 4:8; 1 Kings 12:25; 2 Kings 5:22; 1 Chronicles 6:52; 2Chronicles 13:4; 15:8; 19:4; Jeremiah 4:15; Jeremiah 31:6; Ephraim and Gilead Jeremiah 50:19 (compare also (ה)הר Joshua 17:16,18; Judges 3:27); of Israel Joshua 11:16,21, cf. הָרֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל Ezekiel 6:2; Ezekiel 19:9; Ezekiel 33:28; Ezekiel 34:13; Ezekiel 35:12; הָרֵי מְרוֺם יִשְׂרָאֵל Ezekiel 17:23; Ezekiel 20:40 ("" הַרקָֿדְשִׁי) Ezekiel 34:14; עָרֵי הָהָר i.e. in mountain-country Deuteronomy 2:37 (of Ammonites), Jeremiah 32:44; Jeremiah 33:13; hill-country of Judah Joshua 11:21; Joshua 15:48; Joshua 18:12; Joshua 20:7; Joshua 21:11; 2Chronicles 21:11 (הָרֵי יהודה) 2 Chronicles 27:4; abode of Jebusites Joshua 11:3.

הַרֲרִי, הֲרָרִי, הַרֲרָם, הַרֲרִי, הֲרָרֶיהָ see הר.