I. מָּתַח verb open (Late Hebrew id.; Phoenician פתח; Assyrian pitû, patû; Sabean פתח Os^{ZMG xix (1865), 197}; Arabic ; Ethiopic ; Aramaic מְּתַח, ; Nabataean, Palmyrene פתח); —

Qal Perfect3masculine singular ׳פ 2 Kings 15:16 +, etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular יִפְתַּח Exodus 21:33 +; 3 masculine plural suffix יִפְתָּחוּם Nehemiah 13:19, etc.; Imperative masculine singular מְּתַחִ 2 Kings 13:17 +; feminine singular מִּתְחִיּ Songs 5:2; masculine plural מִּתְחוּ Joshua 10:22 +; Infinitive absolute מָּתֹחַ Deuteronomy 15:8 +; construct לִפְתֹח Ezekiel 21:27 +; Participle active מֹּתֵחַ Judges 3:25 +; pass. מָּתוּחַ Jeremiah 5:16 +, etc.; — open sack, שַׂק, Genesis 42:27 (E), אַמְתַּחַת Genesis 43:21; Genesis 44:11 (J), skin-bottle (נאוד). Judges 4:19, hamper (תֵּדָה) Exodus 2:6 (E), pit (בּוֺר) Exodus 21:33 (E; i. e. uncover it), mouth (מִּי) of cave Joshua 10:22 (JE), grave Ezekiel 37:12,13 (to bring forth dead), of. (in figurative) Jeremiah 5:16; Psalm 5:10; כְּלִי פָתוּחַ Numbers 19:15; (P) open vessel; door (דֶּלֶת; sometimes opposed to סָגַר) Judges 3:25 + Judges 3:25 (object omitted), Judges 19:27; 1 Samuel 3:15; 2 Kings 9:3,10; 2Chronicles 29:3; Job 31:32 (c.ל person); figurative of Leb. Zechariah 11:1; דַּלתֵי שָׁמַיִם Psalm 78:23 (of ׳י, sending rain); ׳ד = city-gates Nehemiah 13:19; Isaiah 45:1("" שְׁעָרִים; ׳י subject, with לפְנֵי); ׳ד omitted Songs 5:2,5,6; gate (שַׁעַר), of land Nahum 3:13 (Infinitive absolute + Imperfect

Niph`al q. v.), compare Ezekiel 25:9, שׁער of temple (- court) Ezekiel 46:12 (with ל, person), Psalm 118:19 (id.), city Isaiah 26:2, object omitted Deuteronomy 20:11; 2 Kings 15:16; window, חַלּוֺן, 2 Kings 13:17 (twice in verse),אֲרֻבּוֺת הַשָׁמַיִם (by ׳י sending rain) Genesis 8:6(J), Malachi 3:10; city Jeremiah 13:19, עִיר מְּתוּחָה Joshua 8:17 (JE); absolute וְלאֹ סגר ׳פ Isaiah 22:22 (twice in verse); — Isaiah 14:17 is dubious, Gr Perles^{Anal. 28. 42} Kit (in Di) read ׳לַאֲסִירָיו לאֹפֿ בֵּיתהַֿכֶּלֶא; > Bu Che Marti אֲסִירָיו לאֹ מִּתַּח אִישׁ לְבֵיתוֺ; storehouse, armoury Genesis 41:56; Jeremiah 50:25 (of ׳י), Jeremiah 50:26 (for destruction), figurative of sky, for rain Deuteronomy 28:12 (with ל person; of ׳י ), compare open בָּ֑ר, expose for sale, Amos 8:5; open womb, i.e. grant offspring Genesis 29:31; Genesis 30:22 (J); open mouth (מֶּה) to cry, speak Ezekiel 21:27; Job 3:1; Daniel 10:16, hence = speak Isaiah 53:7 (twice in verse); Job 33:2; Psalm 39:10; Psalm 78:2 (בְּמָשָׁל), Psalm 109:2 (with עַל person), Proverbs 24:7; Proverbs 31:8 (with ל person), Proverbs 31:9; Proverbs 31:26 (בְּחָכְמָה); Psalm 49:5 either utter, declare, propound riddle, or open up, expound; have power of speech Psalm 38:14; of ׳י giving power of (prophetic) speech Ezekiel 3:27; Ezekiel 33:22, giving speech to ass Numbers 22:28 (J); open mouth, to eat Ezekiel 3:2, of earth, to swallow up, Numbers 16:32: Numbers 26:10, compare (מֶּה omitted) Psalm 106:17; open lips, to speak Job 11:5 (with עִם person), Job 32:20 (Gi Job 32:21); of ׳י opening man's lips Psalm 51:17, man's ear Isaiah 50:5 (Assyrian uznâ puttû); of eyes only passive participle, with אֶל 1 Kings 8:29 2Chronicles 6:20; 1 Kings 8:52; Nehemiah 1:6, with ל2Chronicles 6:40 (by zeugma), 2 Chronicles 7:15 (all of ׳י's favour); open hand, in giving Deuteronomy 15:8,11 (c, ל person, + infinitive absolute), of ׳י Psalm 104:28; Psalm 145:16; book Nehemiah 8:5 (twice in verse), letter Nehemiah 6:5; open river (channel) Isaiah 41:18 (of ׳י), rock, letting out water, Psalm 105:41 (id.); open sword, = draw it Ezekiel 21:33; Psalm 37:14; of root שָׁרְשִׁי פָתוּחַ אֱלֵימָֿ֑יִם Job 29:19, i.e. with no obstacle intervening. — תִּפְתַּח אֶרֶץ Isaiah 45:8 is dubious; verb not elsewhere intransitive; Du Che^Hpt Marti proposes רַחְמָהּ as object; Gr Kit (in Di) read תִּמָּתַח.

Niph`al Perfect3masculine singular נִפְתַּח Isaiah 5:27, etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular יִמָּתַח Ezekiel 24:27, יִמָּתֵ֑חַ Ezekiel 44:2 +, etc.; Infinitive construct הִמָּתֵחַ Isaiah 51:14; Participle נִפְתָּח Zechariah 13:1; — be opend, of girdle Isaiah 5:27 (i.e. loosened), compare of captive Isaiah 51:14, and, of calamity, Jeremiah 1:14 be let loose (with עַל person); gates Nahum 2:7; Nahum 3:13 (of land, thrown open to (ל) enemy), Ezekiel 44:2; Ezekiel 46:1 (twice in verse); Nehemiah 7:3; impersonal of man shut in by God Job 12:14; of windows of heaven Genesis 7:11 (P), compare Isaiah 24:18 (of future destruction); the heavens themselves Ezekiel 1:1(for visions); fountain Zechariah 13:1; wine (-skin, with negative) Job 32:19; mouth, in speech Job 24:27; Job 33:22; ears Isaiah 35:5.

Pi`el Perfect3masculine singular מִּתַּח Job 30:11 +, מִּתֵּ֑חַ Job 12:18 +, etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular יְפַתַּח; Isaiah 28:24, 1singular אֲפַתֵּחַ Isaiah 45:1, etc.; — Infinitive abs מַּתֵּחַ Isaiah 58:6 construct, id. Psalm 102:21; Participle מְפַתֵּ֑חַ 1 Kings 20:11; — loose:

1 free, i.e. ungird, camels Genesis 24:32 (J): loins of kings Isaiah 45:1 (i.e. disarm them); set free, with suffix person Psalm 105:20; Jeremiah 40:4 (with מִן); with accusative בְּנֵי תְמוּתָה Psalm 102:21.

2 loosen (and remove) sack-cloth Isaiah 20:2 (c.מֵעַל ), Psalm 30:12; armour 1 Kings 20:11 (object omitted; opposed to חָגַר); bonds Job 12:18; Psalm 116:16, compare Isaiah 58:6; Job 39:5; cord Job 30:11; Job 38:11; loosen ground Isaiah 28:24 (in tillage; compare Vogelst^{Land wrirthschaft 38}, Assyrian puttû).

3 open gates Isaiah 60:11, doors Job 41:6 (figurative of crocodile's jaws); ear Isaiah 48:8 (read probably either מִּתַּחְתִּי, מָּתַחְתִּי [ᵐ5 Du Marti], or נִפְתְּחָה [Gr Che Kit in Di]; buds Cant 7:13 (of blossom; object omitted; or intransitive, as sometimes Arabic see Dozy).

Hithpa`el Imperative masculine plural התפתחו Isaiah 52:2 Kt < Qr feminine singular הִתְמַּתְּחִי (so ᵐ5; of personified Jerusalem) loosen thee (Ges^{§ 54f}) the fetters of thy neck.

II. [מָּתַח] verb Pi`el engrave (Late Hebrew Pi`el id.,מִּתּוּחַ = Biblical Hebrew, and so ᵑ7; Assyrian patâ—u, bore, penetrate; compare perhaps Arabic , ring (compare Frä²⁵²)); — Perfect3masculine singular מִּתַּח2Chronicles 3:7, etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular וַיְפַתַּח 1 Kings 7:36; 2masculine singular תְּפַתַּח Exodus 28:11; Infinitive construct לְפַתֵּחַ2Chron 2:6; 2 Chronicles 2:13; Participle מְפַתֵּחַ Zechariah 3:9; — engrave, with accusative + על, on metal 1 Kings 7:36; 2Chronicles 3:7; Exodus 28:36 (accusative of congnate meaning with verb מִּתּוּחֵי חוֺתָם), on stone Exodus 28:9; with accusative אֶבֶן + accusative of congnate meaning with verb Exodus 28:11(all P); with accusative of congnate meaning with verb only, Zechariah 3:9 (on stone), and, in General, 2Chron 2:6; 2 Chronicles 2:13.

Pu`al Participle feminine plural מְפֻתָּחֹת פִתּוּחֵי חוֺתָם Exodus 39:9 (P) stones engraved with the engravings of signet.

[מְּתַח] verb open (see Biblical Hebrew); —

Pe`al Passive participle feminine plural מְּתִיחָן Daniel 6:11 opened (windows).

Pe>îl (W^{CG 225}) Perfect3masculine plural מְּתִ֫יחוּ Daniel 7:10 books were opened.