אָדוֺן noun masculine^{Malachi 3:1} lord (Phoenician אדן) — ׳א Psalm 12:5 #NAME?אֲדוֺן Joshua 3:11 +; plural אֲדֹנִים Isaiah 26:13 +; construct אֲדֹנֵי Deuteronomy 10:17 +; suffix אֲדֹנֵינוּ 1 Samuel 25:14 + etc.; (אֲדֹנִי, אֲדֹנַי, אֲדֹנָי are variations of Masoretic pointing to distinguish divine reference from human. Plural, with few except an intensive plural of rank; word takes suffix as plural in all other person; so doubtless here. Orig. reading probably in all cases אֲדֹנַי (see Dalm^{Der Gottesname Adonaj}; Lag^{BN 188 makes} אֲדֹנָי an Aramaic formative); אֲדֹנִי now found in J 51 t.; in E Genesis 31:35; Genesis 32:19; Genesis 42:10; Exodus 21:5; in P Genesis 23:6,11,15; Numbers 36:2 (twice in verse); often Samuel & Kings; in Chronicles only in sources, 1 Chronicles 21:3 (3 t. in verse); 1 Chronicles 21:23 (= 2 Samuel 24:3,22) 2Chron 2:13; 2 Chronicles 2:14; Isaiah & Jeremiah only in historical parts Isaiah 36:8,9,12; Jeremiah 37:20; Jeremiah 38:9; elsewhere Daniel 1:10; Daniel 10:16,17,19; Daniel 12:8; Zechariah 1:9; Zechariah 4:4,5,13; Zechariah 6:4; Psalm 110:1; Judges 4:18; Judges 6:13; Ruth 2:13; בִּי אֲדנָי Exodus 4:10,13; Joshua 7:8 (J) Judges 6:15; Judges 13:8 is referred to God, but בִּי אֲדנִי Genesis 43:20; Genesis 44:18; Numbers 12:11 (J) 1 Samuel 1:26; 1 Samuel 25:24; 1 Kings 3:17,26 reference to human superiors. There is uncertainty as to אֲדֹנָ֯י Genesis 18:3; Genesis 19:18; אֲדֹ֯נַי Genesis 19:2) —

1 singular lord, master (1) reference to men: (a) superintendent of household, or of affairs Genesis 45:8,9 (E) = Psalm 105:21; (b) master Psalm 12:5; (c) king Jeremiah 22:18; Jeremiah 34:5; (2) reference to God, הָאָדוֺן יהוה the Lord Yahweh (see יהוה) Exodus 23:17; Exodus 34:23 (Cov't codes); אֲרוֺן כָּלהָֿאָרֶץ Lord of the whole earth Joshua 3:11,13 (J) Psalm 97:5; Zechariah 4:14; Zechariah 6:5; Micah 4:13; צֻבָאוֺת ׳י ׳הָא, earlier Isaiah 1:24; Isaiah 3:1; Isaiah 10:33; Isaiah 19:4 (אֲדֹנָי Isaiah 10:16 in common MT; not Massora, doubtless scribal error); ׳הָא Malachi 3:1; אָדוֺן Psalm 114:7.

2 plural lords, kings Deuteronomy 10:17 = Psalm 136:3; Isaiah 26:13; elsewhere intensive plural of rank, lord, master, (1) reference to men: (a) proprietor of hill Samaria 1 Kings 16:24; (b) master Genesis 40:7 (E) Exodus 21:4 (twice in verse); Exodus 21:6,8,32 (Cov't code) Genesis 24:9 + (J, 11 t.) Deuteronomy 23:16; Judges 19:11,12 13t. Samuel & Kings; Job 3:19; Psalm 123:2; Proverbs 25:13; Proverbs 27:18; Proverbs 30:10; Isaiah 24:2; Amos 4:1; Zephaniah 1:9; Malachi 1:6 (twice in verse); (c) husband Judges 19:26,27; Psalm 45:12; (d) prophet 2 Kings 2:3,5,16; (e) governor Nehemiah 3:5; (f) prince Genesis 42:10,30,33 (E) Genesis 44:8 (J) 1 Samuel 29:10; (g) king Genesis 40:1 (E) Judges 3:25 40t. Samuel & Kings; Chronicles only in sources 1 Chronicles 12:19 compare 1 Samuel 29:4; 2Chronicles 13:6; 18:16 = 1 Kings 22:17; Isaiah 19:4; Isaiah 22:18; Isaiah 36:12; Isaiah 37:4,6; Jeremiah 27:4; (2) reference to God Malachi 1:6; אֲדֹנֵי הָאֲדֹנִים Lord of lords Deuteronomy 10:17 = Psalm 136:3; אֲדֹנֵינוּ Psalm 135:5; Psalm 147:5; Nehemiah 8:10; אֲדֹנֵינוּ ׳י Psalm 8:2; Psalm 8:10; Nehemiah 10:30; ׳אֲדֹנַיִח י Isaiah 51:22 (probably = thy husband, Yahweh); אֲדֹנָיו Hosea 12:15 (possibly error for אֲדֹנָי).

3 suffix 1 singular (אֲדֹנַי) אֲדֹנִי (1) reference to men: my lord, my master, (a) master Exodus 21:5 (Cov't code) Genesis 24:12 +, Genesis 44:5 (J, 20 t.) 1 Samuel 30:13,15; 2 Kings 5:3,20,22; 2 Kings 6:15; (b) husband Genesis 18:12 (J); (c) prophet 1 Kings 18:7,13; 2 Kings 2:19; 2 Kings 4:16,28; 2 Kings 6:5; 2 Kings 8:5; (d) prince Genesis 42:10 (E), Genesis 23:6,11,15 (P), Genesis 43:20; Genesis 44:18 +, Genesis 47:18, + (J, 12 t.); Judges 4:18; (e) king 1 Samuel 22:12 + (Samuel & Kings 75 t.); (f) father Genesis 31:35 (E); (g) Moses Exodus 32:22; Numbers 11:28; Numbers 12:11; Numbers 32:26,27 (J); Numbers 36:2 (twice in verse) (P); (h) priest 1 Samuel 1:15,26 (twice in verse); (i) theophanic angel Joshua 5:14; Judges 6:13; (j) captain 2 Samuel 11:11; (k) General recognition of superiority Genesis 24:18; Genesis 32:5 + Genesis 33:8 +; Genesis 44:7 + (J, 13 t.), Ruth 2:13; 1 Samuel 25:24 + (15 t.); (2) reference to God: אֲדֹנָי

a. my Lord Genesis 20:4 (? E) Exodus 15:17 (Samaritan יהוה) elsewhere in Hexateuch, J; Genesis 18:3(?); Genesis 18:27,30,31,32; Genesis 19:2,18(?) Exodus 4:10; Exodus 4:13; Exodus 5:22; Exodus 34:9; Numbers 14:17; Joshua 7:8; also Judges 6:15; Judges 13:8; not Samuel; 1 Kings 22:6; 2 Kings 19:23; not Chron. except memorials Ezra 10:3 (reference to Ezra) Nehemiah 1:11; Nehemiah 4:8; Wisdom Literature only Job 28:28 (doubtless scribal error for יהוֺה of many MSS.); not Hosea; Isaiah 37:24; Isaiah 38:14,16 (historical part); exile Isaiah 49:14 (compare Isaiah 51:22); Micah 1:2; Psalm 16:2 + (47 t., chiefly this sense, except below b.; compare אֱלֹהַי וַאדֹנָי my Lord and my God Psalm 35:23; (writers that use אֱלֹהִים seldom use אֲדֹנָי);

b. Adonay proper name of God, parallel with Yahweh, substitution for it often by scribal error, & eventually supplanting it. In earlier Isaiah 3:17 + (19 t. seeming to belong here), Amos 7:7,8; Amos 9:1; Ezekiel 18:25,29; Ezekiel 33:17,20; Ezekiel 21:14 (probably ׳אֲדֹנָי י as in usual phrase); Zechariah 9:4; Malachi 1:12,14; Lamentations 1:14 + (14 t.) Psalm 2:4; Psalm 37:13; Psalm 78:65; Psalm 90:17 (? יהוה) Psalm 110:5 (Dalman puts most of these below (a); — many cases are doubtful); 1 Kings 3:10,15 (Masoretic אדני for יהוה compare Dalm 2 Kings 7:6; Dalm rightly questions; he reads יהוה). The phrases אֲדֹנָי אֱלֹהַי Psalm 38:16; Psalm 86:12, Adonay my God; אֲדֹנָי הָאֱלֹהִים Daniel 9:3, אֱלֹהֵינוּ ׳א Daniel 9:9,15, הָאֵל ׳א Daniel 9:4 favour taking ׳א Daniel 1:2; Daniel 9:7,8 (יהוה ?) Daniel 9:16; Daniel 9:17; Daniel 9:19; Daniel 9:19; Daniel 9:19 as the divine name.

4 אֲדֹנָי יהוה (a) my Lord Yahweh (see יהוה) Genesis 15:2,8 (JE) Joshua 7:7 (J, ᵐ5 omit ׳י) Deuteronomy 3:24; Deuteronomy 9:26; Judges 6:22; Judges 16:28; 2 Samuel 7:1 (6 t.) 1 Kings 2:26; 1 Kings 8:53; probably Amos 3:7,8; Amos 7:2,4,5; Amos 9:8; Jeremiah 1:6; Jeremiah 4:10; Jeremiah 14:13; Jeremiah 32:17,25; Ezekiel 4:14; Ezekiel 8:1; Ezekiel 9:6; Ezekiel 11:13; Ezekiel 20:49; Ezekiel 37:3 (׳יָדַע כִּי אֲני א ׳י) Ezekiel 13:9; Ezekiel 23:49; Ezekiel 24:24; Ezekiel 28:24; Ezekiel 29:16 inappropriate in mouth of God; strike out אֲדֹנָי (Co) or read אֱלֹהֵיכֶם ׳י (Dalm); Micah 1:2; Zephaniah 1:7; Obadiah 1; Zechariah 9:14; Psalm 71:5; Psalm 71:16; Psalm 73:28; (b) apparently proper name Adonay Yahweh Isaiah 25:8; Jeremiah 44:26; exile Isaiah 40:10 + (10 t., but Isaiah 61:1,11 read יהוה, ᵐ5); (c) uncertain whether (a) or (b) in prophetic formula אָמַר ׳י ׳א Isaiah 7:7; Isaiah 28:16; Isaiah 30:15; Isaiah 49:22; Isaiah 51:4; Isaiah 65:13; Jeremiah 7:20; Amos 1:8; Amos 3:11; Amos 5:3; Amos 7:6; Obadiah 1; Ezekiel (131 t.); ׳י ׳נְאֻם א Isaiah 56:8; Jeremiah 2:22; Amos 3:13; Amos 4:5; Amos 8:3,9,11; Ezekiel (80 t.); ׳י ׳דְּבַראֿ Ezekiel 6:3; Ezekiel 25:3; Ezekiel 36:4; ׳י ׳נִשְׁבַּע א Amos 4:2; Amos 6:8; ׳י ׳כֹּה הִרְאַנִי א Amos 7:1,4; Amos 8:1.

5 יהוה אֲדֹנָי Yahweh my Lord Psalm 68:21; Psalm 109:21; Psalm 140:8; Psalm 141:8; Habakkuk 3:9.

6 אֲדֹנָי יהוה צְבָאוֺת (a) my Lord Yahweh ‚. (see צבאות) Psalm 69:7; Amos 9:5; Isaiah 10:23; Isaiah 22:5,12; Isaiah 28:22 compare ׳אֱלֹהֵי הַצְבָאוֺת א ׳י, Yahweh, the God of Hosts my Lord Amos 5:16; (b) a divine name, Adonay, Yahweh ‚. Jeremiah 46:10 (twice in verse); Jeremiah 50:25; (c) uncertain are ׳צ ׳י ׳כֹּה אָמַר א Isaiah 10:24; Isaiah 22:14,15; ׳נְאֻם א ׳צ ׳י Isaiah 3:15; Jeremiah 2:19; Jeremiah 49:5; Jeremiah 50:31.