I. seldom of things בִּלְבַב יַמִּים in the Midst of the seas Jonah 2:3 (poetry); עד לבב השׁמים unto the midst of heaven Deuteronomy 4:11 (so ⅏ but ᵑ0 לב).

II. usually of men:

1 the inner man in contrast with the outer, כלה שׁארי ולבבי my flesh and my heart (soul) doth fail Psalm 73:26; antithesis with garments Joel 2:13; hands Psalm 73:13; Lamentations 3:41 ?; eyes Numbers 15:39 (H) 1 Samuel 16:7; ears Ezekiel 3:10; mouth Deuteronomy 30:14; speech Psalm 28:3; Psalm 78:18; מְתֹפֲפֹת עַללִֿבְבֵהֶן tabering upon their breasts Nahum 2:7 (inner for outer).

2 the inner man, indefinite the soul, comprehending mind, affections and will, or, in connection with certain verbs, having more specific reference to some one of them. בכללֿבב ובכלנֿפשׁ with all the heart and with all the soul Deuteronomy 4:29; Deuteronomy 6:5; Deuteronomy 10:12; Deuteronomy 11:13; Deuteronomy 13:4; Deuteronomy 26:16; Deuteronomy 30:2,6,10; Joshua 22:5; Joshua 23:14; 1 Kings 2:4; 1 Kings 8:48 (= 2 Chronicles 6:38 לב ?) 2 Kings 23:25; 2Chronicles 15:12; 34:31 ( = 2 Kings 23:3 לב ?) Jeremiah 32:41; abbreviated בכללֿבב 1 Samuel 7:3; 1 Samuel 12:20,24; 1 Kings 14:8; 2 Kings 10:31; 2Chronicles 15:5; 22:9; 31:21; Psalm 86:12; Psalm 111:1; Jeremiah 29:13; Joel 2:12; אשׁר בלבב what is in the heart (mind) Deuteronomy 8:2; 1 Samuel 9:19; 1 Samuel 14:7; 2 Samuel 7:3 ( = 1 Chronicles 17:2) 2 Kings 10:30; 2Chronicles 32:31; compare Job 10:13; Psalm 84:6 (?); עם לבב with the heart (mind), with ידע Deuteronomy 8:5, שִׂיחַ Psalm 77:7, usually with היה, of a thought or purpose, Deuteronomy 15:9; Joshua 14:7; 1 Kings 8:17,18 (twice in verse) ( = 2Chronicles 6:7,8 (twice in verse)) 2Chronicles 10:2 ( = 2 Chronicles 9:1) 1 Chronicles 22:7; 1 Chronicles 28:2; 2Chronicles 1:11; 29:10 (compare 2 Chronicles 24:4 לב); כלבב according to the heart 1 Samuel 13:14; 1 Samuel 14:7; Psalm 20:7. We may add Deuteronomy 5:26; Deuteronomy 11:16,18; Deuteronomy 17:17; 1 Samuel 2:35; 2 Samuel 19:15; 1 Kings 8:39 (twice in verse) ( = 2Chronicles 6:30 (twice in verse)) 2Chronicles 11:2,3 (לב an error) 2 Chronicles 11:4; 2 Chronicles 11:9; 1 Chronicles 12:17; 1 Chronicles 22:19; 1 Chronicles 28:9; Psalm 62:9; Psalm 86:11; Psalm 139:23; Isaiah 7:2; Daniel 11:27,28.

3 specific reference to mind (characteristic of לבב):

a. אַנְשֵׁי לֵבָב men of mind Job 34:10,34; גם לי לבב I also have a mind Job 12:3; ׳הוֺלֵלוֺת בִּל madness is in (their) mind Ecclesiastes 9:3 (?); ,וַתִּגְנֹב לְבָבִי and thou didst steal my mind Genesis 31:26 (E, the לֵב of Genesis 31:20 should be corrected to לבב compare 'steal me' Genesis 31:27).

b. knowledge, with ידע Deuteronomy 8:5; Deuteronomy 23:14; 1 Kings 2:44; הבין Isaiah 6:10; Isaiah 32:4; חֲכַם לֵבָב wise of mind Job 9:4; לְבַב חָכְמָה mind of wisdom Psalm 90:12.

c. thinking, reflection, with חשׁב Isaiah 10:7; Zechariah 7:10; Zechariah 8:17; (שׂיּח Psalm 77:7 above); ׳יצר מחשׁבות ל conception of thoughts of mind 1 Chronicles 29:18; ׳מַשְׂכִּיּוֺת ל imaginations of (their) mind Psalm 73:7; ׳מוֺרָשֵׁי ל possessions (thoughts) of (my) mind Job 17:11; שׂם לבב set the mind, consider Haggai 2:15,18 (twice in verse), with לְ Deuteronomy 32:46, על Haggai 1:5,7.

d. of memeory שׂם בלבב lay up in the mind 1 Samuel 21:13; Job 22:22; ׳השׁיב אל ל lay to heart, call to mind Deuteronomy 4:39; Deuteronomy 30:1; 2Chronicles 6:37 ( = 1 Kings 8:47 לב ?); ׳עלה על ל come upon the mind Jeremiah 51:50; Ezekiel 38:10 (compare לֵב 3d); ׳סוּר מל depart from the mind Deuteronomy 4:9; ׳שׁמר בתוך ל keep in the midst of (thy) mind Proverbs 4:21; ׳על ל upon the mind Deuteronomy 6:6.

4 specific reference to inclinations, resolutions determinations of the will (characteristic of ׳ל): ׳הכין ל set the mind, with אֶל 1 Samuel 7:3; 1 Chronicles 29:18, לְ2Chronicles 20:33 לדרשׁ2Chronicles 19:3; 30:19; Ezra 7:10; אֶל׳הטה ל Joshua 24:23 (E) 1 Kings 8:58; לדרשׁ ׳נתן ל 1 Chronicles 22:19, compare 2Chronicles 11:16; פנה מעם ׳ל mind turn away from Deuteronomy 29:17; Deuteronomy 30:17; ׳פ ׳יֵהָפֵךְ ל Pharaoh's mind was changed Exodus 14:5 (E).

5 specific reference to conscience לא יחרף לבבי my heart (conscience) shall not reproach me Job 27:6.

6 specific reference to moral character (characteristic of ׳ל): God tries the ׳ל 1 Chronicles 29:17:

a. ׳ישֶׁר ל uprightness of heart Deuteronomy 9:5; 1 Chronicles 29:17; Psalm 119:7 (?); ׳יִשְׁרֵי ל2Chronicles 29:34; ׳יִשְׁרַת ל 1 Kings 3:6; יָשָׁר ׳ל 2 Kings 10:15 (3 t. in verse); ׳תָּסלֿ integrity of heart Genesis 20:5,6 (E) 1 Kings 9:4; Psalm 78:72; Psalm 101:2; שָׁלֵם (עִםׅ ׳ל heart perfect (with) 1 Kings 8:61; 1 Kings 11:4; 1 Kings 15:3,14 (= 2 Chronicles 15:17) 2 Kings 20:3 (= Isaiah 38:3 לֵב ?) 1 Chronicles 12:39; 1 Chronicles 29:19; 2Chronicles 16:9; 19:9; 25:2; ׳בַּרלֿ pure in heart Psalm 24:4; ׳בָּרֵי ל Psalm 73:1. We may add 2 Kings 22:19 2Chronicles 34:27; Nehemiah 9:8; Jeremiah 32:40.

b. it is the seat of naughtiness 1 Samuel 17:28 (?), erring Psalm 95:10; is forward Psalm 101:4.

c. seat of pride, Psalm 101:5; Isaiah 9:8; Isaiah 10:12; Isaiah 60:5 (?) Ezekiel 28:5,6 (?) Daniel 8:25; ׳רָם ל heart is lifted up Deuteronomy 8:14; Deuteronomy 17:20; Ezekiel 31:10; Daniel 11:12.

d. is circumcised Deuteronomy 10:16; Deuteronomy 30:6; Jeremiah 4:4, or uncircumcised Leviticus 26:41 (H); is hardened ׳אמּץ ל Deuteronomy 2:30; Deuteronomy 15:7; 2Chronicles 36:13; ׳כבּד ל 1 Samuel 6:6 (?); ׳הקשׁה ל Psalm 95:8.

7 = the man himself (meaning characteristic of נֶפֶשׁ) ׳אמר בל say in the heart (to oneself) Deuteronomy 7:17; Deuteronomy 8:17; Deuteronomy 9:4; Deuteronomy 18:21; Psalm 4:5; Isaiah 14:3; Isaiah 47:8; Isaiah 49:21; Jeremiah 5:24; Jeremiah 13:22; Zephaniah 1:12; Zephaniah 2:15; ללבב Hosea 7:2 (?); ׳דבר בל Psalm 15:2; ׳ברכו בל Job 1:5; ׳התברך בל Deuteronomy 29:18; יְחִי לְבַבְכֶם let your heart (you yourselves) live Psalm 22:27; Psalm 69:33 (compare Psalm 119:175).

8 specifically as the seat of the appetites (for which usually נֶפֶשׁ) ׳סעד ל stay the heart (with food) Psalm 104:15; Judges 19:8 (?); יִיטַב לְבָבֶ֑ךָ that thine heart may be merry (with wine) Judges 19:9 (?); יַיִן ׳יְשַׂמַּח ל wine gladdens the heart Psalm 104:15.

9 specifically of seat of the emotions and passions (for which usually נפשׁ):

a. of joy Isaiah 30:29; Jeremiah 15:16; Ezekiel 36:5, gladness Deuteronomy 28:47, desire Proverbs 6:25 (?); דבּר ׳על ל speak into the heart (comfortably) 2 Chronicles 32:6 (elsewhere לֵב).

b. of trouble 1 Kings 8:38; Psalm 25:17; Psalm 73:21; weakness, faintness Leviticus 26:36 (H) Deuteronomy 20:3,18; 2Chronicles 13:7; Isaiah 1:5; Isaiah 7:4; Jeremiah 51:46, grief Deuteronomy 15:10; 1 Samuel 1:8 sorrow Psalm 13:3, fear Deuteronomy 28:67, dismay Isaiah 21:4, astonishment Deuteronomy 28:28, anger Deuteronomy 19:6, hate Leviticus 19:16 (H); ׳ימּס ל the heart melteth Deuteronomy 20:8; Joshua 2:11; Joshua 5:1; Joshua 7:5 (all D) Isaiah 13:7; Isaiah 19:1; ׳המס ל Deuteronomy 1:28 (so read probably also Joshua 14:8, where לֵב error).

10 seat of courage (for which usually רוּחַ), יָעֵר כֹּחוֺ וּלְבָבוֺ stir up his power and his courage Daniel 11:25; יַאֲמֵץ לְבַבְכֶם let your heart take courage Psalm 31:25.

לְבַב noun masculine^{Dan 4:13} heart (see Biblical Hebrew; so Egyptian Aramaic S-C^{B 12}+); — construct ׳ל Daniel 4:13; Daniel 7:4; suffix לִבְבָח Daniel 2:30; Daniel 5:22, בֵהּ- Daniel 4:13; Daniel 5:20,21.