proper name, of a mountain Lebanon (Phoenician לבנן; Assyrian Labnanu, etc., Schr^{COT on 1 Kings 5:13}, Dl^{Par. 103 ff.}; Egyptian Ra-m­n-n WMM^{Asien u.Europa,197ff.}; Arabic compare further Rob^{BR ii, 435ff.}493GASm^Geogr.45ff. Buhl^{Geogr.110 and references}; name probably from whiteness of its cliffs Rob^{BR ii, 493}); — wooded mountain-range on northern border of Israel [usually with article ׳הַלּ (51 t.); without articleלְבָנוֺן, in poetry and late Hosea 14:8; Nahum 1:4; 2 Kings 19:23 = Isaiah 37:24; Ezekiel 31:15,16; Isaiah 14:8; Isaiah 29:17; Isaiah 33:9; Isaiah 40:16; Jeremiah 18:14; Habakkuk 2:17; Zechariah 10:10; Zechariah 11:1; Psalm 29:6; Songs 4:8 (twice in verse); Songs 4:11,15; with ה locative לְבָב֫וֺנָה 1 Kings 5:28a]; perhaps first mentioned in defining a locality, as הַר הַלְּבָנוֺן, Judges 3:3 (E according to GFM; this combination only here), but also in early prophets, then in D, and later; — in defining a locality Joshua 9:1; ׳בִּקְעַת הַלּ Joshua 11:17; Joshua 12:7 (side of Baal Gad); as a marked feature, in describing extent of land Deuteronomy 1:7; Deuteronomy 3:25; Deuteronomy 11:24; Joshua 1:4; Joshua 13:5 (כָּלהַֿל) Joshua 13:6 (all D), 1 Kings 9:19 2Chronicles 8:6; Jeremiah 22:26; Zechariah 10:10; ׳אשׁהַל׳ר Jeremiah 22:6 (figurative of royal house of Judah), as a height Songs 4:8 (twice in verse); ׳מִגְדַּל הַל Cant 7:5 i.e. a tower built on Lebanon; ׳שֶׁלֶג ל Jeremiah 18:14 snow of L.; L. as source of streams Songs 4:15; ׳יֵין ל Hosea 14:8; most often, however, as bearing forests, especially of cedars, ׳אַרְזֵי הַלּ Judges 9:15 (in allegory; perhaps J, according to GFM), Isaiah 2:13; Isaiah 14:8; Psalm 29:5; Psalm 104:16, compare 1 Kings 5:13; 1 Kings 5:20; 1 Kings 5:23; 1 Kings 5:28 (twice in verse); 2Chron 2:7 (twice in verse); 2Chronicles 2:15, 2 Kings 14:9 (twice in verse) = 2Chronicles 25:18 (twice in verse) (in allegory), Jeremiah 22:23; Ezekiel 17:3; Ezekiel 27:5; Ezekiel 31:3,15,16; Zechariah 11:1; Ezra 3:7; Psalm 92:13; Songs 3:9; Songs 5:15 (simile of majestic figure); ׳מֶּרַח ל Nahum 1:4; ׳כְּבוֺד הַלּ Isaiah 35:2; Isaiah 60:13; לְכַרְמֶל ׳וְשָׁב ל Isaiah 29:17 ׅ "" (יַעַר ׳יַרְכְּתֵי ל with the same reference Isaiah 37:24 = 2 Kings 19:23; ׳הַלּ = trees of Lebanon Hosea 14:6; Isaiah 10:34; Isaiah 40:16; Psalm 29:6; Psalm 72:16; ׳ל Isaiah 33:9 figurative, as mourning; ׳חֲמַס ל Habakkuk 2:17 i.e. violence done to Lebanon, probably by cutting down its trees; ׳בֵּית יַעַר הַלּ a royal mansion of Solomon, 1 Kings 7:2; and 1 Kings 10:17,21 2Chronicles 9:16,20; ׳ל as home of wild beast 2 Kings 14:9 2Chronicles 25:18 (in allegory); רֵיחַ לְבָנוֺן, of the odour of cedar forests Songs 4:11, compare Hosea 14:7 (in simile; We thinks ׳ל here to be a specific plant).