Qal Perfect3feminine singular שָׁמֵ֑מָה Ezekiel 35:15, etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular יִשֹּׁם; 1 Kings 9:8 +, 3 masculine plural יָשֹּׁ֫מּוּ Job 17:8; Psalm 40:16, etc.; Imperative masculine plural שֹׁ֫מוּ Jeremiah 2:19; Infinitive construct (?) metaplastic שַׁמוֺת Ezekiel 36:3 (Ges^{§ 67r}, but see infra); — תֵּשַׁם, etc. (see [יָשַׁם]) are placed here by most; Ezekiel 6:6 reads תִּישָׁ֑מְנָה, see Ges § 67 p dd; — Participle שׁוֺמֵם Lamentations 3:11 (see also

Po-.); feminine שֹׁמֵמָ֔ה (Ges^{§ 84a} s) 2 Samuel 13:20 +; plural שׁוֺמֵמִין Lamentations 1:14, etc.; —

1 be desolated, of Tamar 2 Samuel 13:20 (i.e. deflowered, or deserted; others appalled), of person elsewhere late Lamentations 1:16; נְתָנַנִי שֹׁמֵמָה Lamentations 1:13, ׳שָׂמַ֫נִי שׁ Lamentations 3:11; participle as feminine noun בְּנֵי שׁוֺמֵמָה Isaiah 54:1 (opposed to בְּעוּלָה) [Daniel 8:13 #NAME?

Po-.]; usually of land, etc. (sometimes=deserted), Isaiah 49:8; Ezekiel 33:28 (מֵאֵין עוֺבֵר), Ezekiel 35:12 (read שָֽׁמְמוּ Qr Co Toy Krae; >Kt שׁממה), Ezekiel 35:15; הֶחְָרָבוֺת הַשֹּׁמִמוֺת Ezekiel 36:4 ("" הֶעָרִים הַנֱּעֶזָבוֺת שַׁמּוֺת) Ezekiel 36:3 is probably corrupt, Co שְׁאָט as Ezekiel 36:5, Hi-Sm from שׁמה = נשׁם, Toy reads נָשֹׁם, Krae נָשֹׁם; — participle feminine plural as noun = desolate places Isaiah 49:19; Isaiah 61:4 (both "" חֳרָבוֺת), Isaiah 61:4 (compare שְׁמָמָה Isaiah 62:4); = desolations Daniel 9:18,26.

2 be appalled, awestruck, usually at (עַל) judgments on others, Leviticus 26:32 (H), Jeremiah 2:12 (see II. [ חָרֵב]), Ezekiel 26:16; Ezekiel 27:35; Ezekiel 28:19; Isaiah 52:14; Job 17:8, compare 1 Kings 9:8 2Chronicles 7:12; Jeremiah 18:16; Jeremiah 19:8; Jeremiah 49:17; Jeremiah 50:13; on oneself Psalm 40:16 (עַלעֵֿקֶב). — Isaiah 42:14 see [נשׁם].

Niph`al Perfect3feminine singular נָשַׁ֫מָּה Jeremiah 12:11 +, 3 plural נָשַׁ֫נּוּ Zephaniah 3:6 +; Participle feminine נְשַׁמָּה Ezekiel 36:34 +, etc.; — =

Qal: 1. be desolated, of roads Leviticus 26:22 (H), Isaiah 33:8, bamoth Amos 7:9 ("" יֶחֱרָ֑בוּ), altars Ezekiel 6:4; compare Ezekiel 25:3; Ezekiel 32:15; Zephaniah 3:6; Zechariah 7:14; Joel 1:17; Psalm 69:26; of lands Ezekiel 29:12; Ezekiel 30:7; Ezekiel 36:34,35, cities Isaiah 54:3 (opposed to יוֺשִׁיבוּ), compare Ezekiel 36:35; Amos 9:14; Jeremiah 33:10; הַנְּשַׁמָּה Ezekiel 36:36 the desolated (that is, land, in figure).

2 be appalled Jeremiah 4:9; Lamentations 4:5; Ezekiel 4:17; Ezekiel 30:7, with עַל of thing Job 18:20.

Po` Participle

1 וֵָ˜אשְׁבָה מְשׁוֺמֵם Ezra 9:3I sat appalled, compare Ezra 9:4

2 transitive appalling, causing horror (Dr^{Dan 150 f.}): (הַ)שִּׁקּוּץ מְשֹׁמֵם Daniel 11:31, + perhaps Daniel 9:27 a (see שִׁקּוּץ); so also שֹׁמֵם ׳שִׁוּ Daniel 12:11 (on ׳שׁ v, Ges^{§ 52s}), הַמֶּשַׁע שֹׁמֵם Daniel 8:13 the crime causing horror, and ׳שׁ as noun horror-causer, appaller, Daniel 9:27b.

Hiph`il Perfect2masculine singular הֲשִׁמּ֫וֺתָ Job 16:7, etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular יַשּׁים (Ges^{§ 67y}) Jeremiah 49:20; Jeremiah 50:45, 3masculine plural suffix וַיְשִׁמֵּם 1 Samuel 5:6, 1plural נַשִּׁים Numbers 21:30, etc.; Imperative masculine plural הָשַׁמּוּ (Ges^{§ 67v}) Job 21:5; Infinitive absolute הַשְׁמֵם Micah 6:13; Participle מַשְׁמִים Ezekiel 3:15; —

1 devastate, ravage, accusative of person 1 Samuel 5:6; Ezekiel 20:26; Hosea 2:14 (figurative of vine), Job 16:7; accusative of location Leviticus 26:31,32 (H) Jeremiah 10:25; Ezekiel 30:12,14; Psalm 79:7, so (accusative omitted) Numbers 21:30 (poem in J E), Micah 6:13; — Ezekiel 14:8 see שִׂים

Hiph`il 2. a. appal, accusative of person, with עַל at, Jeremiah 49:20; Jeremiah 50:45; Ezekiel 32:10.

b. inwardly transitive, וָאֵשֵׁב ׳מִשׁ Ezekiel 3:15 shewing horror, Job 21:5 (Bu Niph`al הִשַּׁמוּ).

Hoph`al Infinitive construct כָּליְֿמֵי הָשַּׁמָּה (that is הָאָרֶץ) Leviticus 26:34 (H) all the days of (its) being desolate, so Leviticus 26:35; 2Chronicles 36:21; Aramaizing, בָּהְשַׁמָּה (Ges^{§ 67y}) Leviticus 26:43.

Hithpo`el Imperfect3masculine singular יִשְׁתּוֺמֵם Psalm 143:4, etc.; —

1 be appalled, astounded, כִּי that, because, Isaiah 59:16; Isaiah 63:5; עַל of thing Daniel 8:27; ׳עבּתוֺכִי יִשְׁתּ Psalm 143:4 (compare 1 plural נשתומם Ecclus. 43:24).

2 cause oneself desolation, ruin, Ecclesiastes 7:16.