Brown-Driver-Briggs
אָכַל806 verb eat (Arabic
, Assyrian
akâlu Dl
W, Aramaic
אֲבַל,
) —
Qal Perfect אָכַל Exodus 34:28 +; אָֽכְלָה Numbers 21:28 +; etc. Imperfect יאֹבַל Genesis 49:27 +; וַיּאֹ֫כַל Genesis 25:34 +; וַיּאֹכַ֑ל Genesis 3:6 +; יאֹכֵ֑ל Leviticus 21:22 +; אֹכַל Genesis 24:33 +; וָָֽאֹכַ֫ל Genesis 27:33; וְאֹכֵ֑ל Isaiah 44:19; וָָֽאֹבֵל Genesis 3:12,13; 3plural יאֹכְלוּ Genesis 32:33 +; יאֹכֵ֑לוּ Deuteronomy 18:18 +; etc. (for יוֺכְלוּ Ezekiel 42:5 read יוצלו, יאצלו ᵐ5 Ew Co); suffix יאֹכְלֶנּוּ Leviticus 7:6 +; תּאֹבַלְכֶם Isaiah 33:11, etc., probably also תְּאָכְלֵהוּ Job 20:26, either as secondary form from ׳תּאֹ (Ew§ 253 Di) or textual error (Ges§ 68. 1) > Pi`el, Thes KöI, 389; or Po`el, Ki De MV; Imperative אֱכוֺל 1 Kings 18:41 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute אָכוֺל Genesis 2:16 +; construct אֲכֹל Numbers 26:10 2t.; לֶאֱכֹל Genesis 24:33 +; לְאָכְלָה Jeremiah 12:9; Participle אֹכֵל (אוֺכֵל) Genesis 39:6 +, אֹכֶלֶת Exodus 24:17 +, etc. —
1 eat, human subject Genesis 3:11,18 + often; mostly with accusative Exodus 16:35 +; also followed by מִןֿ (eat of, — some of, — or from) Exodus 34:15; Ruth 2:14 +; followed by בְּ (eat of or at) Exodus 12:43 f; absolute Deuteronomy 2:6 +; as act of worship Genesis 31:54 (compare Genesis 46:1) Exodus 18:12; Exodus 24:11; Exodus 34:15; Deuteronomy 12:7,18; Deuteronomy 14:23,26 +; compare of priests Exodus 29:32; Leviticus 10:13 +; compare אָבַל אֶלהֶֿהָרִים Ezekiel 18:6,11,15; Ezekiel 22:9 + Ezekiel 33:25 עַלהַֿדָּם Co עַלהֶֿהָרִים; (but RSRel. Semitic i. 324 N would emend first 4 by last); eat up, finish eating Genesis 43:2 (with בלה) 1 Kings 13:28 +; אָכַל לֶחֶם = take a meal Genesis 43:25; Exodus 2:20; 1 Samuel 20:24; Jeremiah 41:1 +; so ׳א alone Genesis 43:16; 1 Samuel 20:5 +; לֶחֶם ׳א = eat, get food Genesis 3:19; 2 Kings 4:8 +; Amos 7:12 (i.e. spend one's life) compare Ecclesiastes 5:16; ׳ל ׳לֹא א i.e. fast 1 Samuel 28:20; 1 Samuel 30:12; Ezra 10:6 compare Daniel 10:3; figurative אֶתבְּֿשָׂרוֺ ׳א Ecclesiastes 4:5 (i.e. waste away); eat words Jeremiah 15:16 (i.e. eagerly receive); of adultery, Proverbs 30:20 אָֽכְלָה וּמָֽחֲתָה מִּ֑יהָ וְאָֽמְרָה לֹאֿ פָעַלְתִּי אָֽוֶן׃; eat (taste) good fortune, בַּטּוֺב ׳א Job 21:25; לְמִּי אָבְלוֺ according to his eating, i.e. according to his needs in eating Exodus 12:4; Exodus 16:16,18 also Exodus 16:21; compare Job 20:21 & below אָכְלָה; אָכַל הַמְּרִי 2 Kings 19:29; Amos 9:14, of peaceful enjoyment of results of labour; figurative of receiving consequences of action, good or bad Proverbs 1:31; Proverbs 18:21; Hosea 10:13 compare וַיּאֹכַל גַּםאָֿכוֺל אֶתכַּֿסְמֵּנוּ Genesis 31:15 i.e. he has reaped all the benefit, compare Hosea 7:9; figurative of mourner, אֵפֶר כַּלֶּחֶם אָכָ֑לְתִּי Psalm 102:10 (compare Psalm 80:6 Hiph`il, & Assyrian akâl al âkul, bikîtum kurmatî = food I ate not, weeping (was) my refreshment HptASKT 166 f. Obsev. 1. 21, 22 ZimBP 34. 42); of gods, partaking of sacrifices Deuteronomy 32:38; figurative = destroy Deuteronomy 7:16 (compare Numbers 14:9); compare Jeremiah 10:25; Jeremiah 30:16; Jeremiah 50:7; Hosea 7:7.
2 of beasts, birds, etc., eat, devour; Genesis 37:20,33; Genesis 40:17,19; 1 Kings 13:28; 1 Kings 14:11; 1 Kings 16:4; 1 Kings 21:23,24; Hosea 2:14 +; specifically of locusts Joel 1:4; Joel 2:25; 2Chronicles 7:13 compare Amos 4:9; moth Job 13:28; flies Psalm 78:45; worms Deuteronomy 28:39; also Ezekiel 19:3,6 (of Israel under figure of lion), compare Jeremiah 50:7,17; Jeremiah 51:34; also Hosea 13:8 (of ׳י under fig, of lion), Ezekiel 22:25 (נֶפֶשׁ אָכָ֑לוּ, of false prophets under figure of lion).
3 figurative of fire, devour, consume Leviticus 6:3 (followed by 2 accusative consume offering to ashes) Nahum 3:13; Isaiah 5:24 (in simile), particular of fire from ׳י Leviticus 10:2; Leviticus 16:25; Judges 9:15 f 1 Kings 18:38; 2 Kings 1:10,12,14; 2Chronicles 7:1; compare Amos 1:4,7,10,12,14; Amos 2:2,5; Amos 5:6 +; Deuteronomy 5:22 of fire at Sinai; of ׳י as fire (in judgment) Deuteronomy 4:24 אֱלֹהֶיךָ אֵשׁ אֹכְלָה הוּא ׳כִּי י; compare Deuteronomy 9:3; Isaiah 10:17 ("" בּער) Isaiah 30:27,30; Isaiah 33:14 ("" מוֺקְדֵי עוֺלָם).
4 of sword, devour, slay Deuteronomy 32:42; 2 Samuel 22:26; 2 Samuel 11:25; 2 Samuel 18:8; Hosea 11:6; Jeremiah 2:30; Jeremiah 12:12; compare of devastation of land Isaiah 1:7; Jeremiah 8:16.
5 in Genl. devour, consume, destroy (inanimate subject) of drought Genesis 31:40; of pestilence Ezekiel 7:15; of woods 2 Samuel 18:8; compare Leviticus 26:38 וְאָֽכְלָה אֶתְכֶם אֶרֶץ אֹיְבֵיכֶם; of הַבּשֶׁת Jeremiah 3:24 (see בּשֶׁת).
6 figurative of oppression, devour the poor, etc. Proverbs 30:14; Habakkuk 3:14 compare Psalm 14:4; of bitter enmity לֶאֱכֹל אֶתבְּֿשָׂרִי Psalm 27:2. (compare Job 19:22).
Niph`al Perfect וְנֶאֱבַל consecutive Exodus 22:5 Imperfect יֵאָכֵל Genesis 6:21 +; וַיֵּאָכֵ֫ל Numbers 12:12, etc.; Infinitive absolute הֵאָבֹל Leviticus 7:18; Leviticus 19:7; Participle feminine נֶאֱכֶ֫לֶת Leviticus 11:47; —
1 be eaten by man Exodus 12:46; Exodus 13:3,7; Exodus 21:28; Exodus 29:34; Leviticus 6:9; Leviticus 6:16; Leviticus 6:19; Leviticus 6:23; Leviticus 7:6,15,16 (twice in verse); Leviticus 7:18; Leviticus 11:41; Leviticus 19:6; Leviticus 19:7; Leviticus 19:23; Leviticus 22:30; Lev 28:17; Ezekiel 45:21; of custom, usage Genesis 6:21; Exodus 12:16; Deuteronomy 12:22; Job 6:6; of permission to eat Leviticus 7:19; Leviticus 11:13,34,47 (twice in verse); Leviticus 17:13; with negative be uneatable Jeremiah 24:2,3,8; Jeremiah 29:17.
2 be devoured by fire, consumed Zephaniah 1:18; Zephaniah 3:8; Zechariah 9:4; Ezekiel 23:25.
3 be wasted, destroyed, of flesh Numbers 12:12; Jeremiah 30:16.
Pu`al Perfect אֻכְּלוּ be consumed with fire Nehemiah 2:3,13 compare Nahum 1:10 (figurative); so Participle אֻכָּל (= מְאֻכָּל Ew§ 169 d) Exodus 3:2; by sword Isaiah 1:20 תְּאֻכְּלוּ.
Hiph`il Perfect2masculine singular suffix הֶאֱכַלְתָּם Psalm 80:6, וְהַאֲכַלְתִּ֫י Isaiah 49:26; suffix וְהַאֲכַלְתִּיךָ consecutive Isaiah 58:14; הֶאֱכַלְתִּיח Ezekiel 16:19; וְהַאֲכַלְתִּים consecutive Jeremiah 19:9; Imperfect suffix יַאֲכִלֵנוּ Numbers 11:4,18, etc.; 2masculine singular js. תַּאֲכֵל; 1 singular אוֺכִיל Hosea 11:4; Imperative הַאֲכִילֵהוּ Proverbs 25:21, etc.; Infinitive לְהָכִיל Ezekiel 21:33 (but Co לההל, q. v.); Participle מַאֲבִיל Jeremiah 23:15, etc.; —
1 cause to eat, feed with, followed by 2 accusative subject mostly ׳י; Exodus 16:32; Deuteronomy 8:3,16; Ezekiel 3:2; Jeremiah 19:9; absolute Hosea 11:4; compare Numbers 11:4,18; figurative Jeremiah 9:14; Jeremiah 23:15; Isaiah 49:26; Isaiah 58:14; Ezekiel 16:19; also Psalm 80:6 הֶאֱבַלְתָּם לֶחֶם דִּמְעָ֑ה (compare Psalm 102:10 Qal above); followed by accusative of person + מן Psalm 81:17, but also subject man Proverbs 25:21; 1 Kings 22:27; 2Chronicles 18:26 וְהַאֲכִלֻהוּ לֶחֶם לַ֫חַץ of prison fare; followed by accusative of person only 2 Chronicles 28:15, compare Ezekiel 2:3.
2 cause to devour, object sword Ezekiel 21:33 (but on text see Co).
[אֲכַל] verb eat, devour (Biblical Hebrew); —
Pe`al Perfect3masculine plural אֲכַ֫לוּ Daniel 3:8; Daniel 6:25; Imperfect3masculine singular יֵאכֻל Daniel 4:30; 3feminine singularתֵּאכֻל Daniel 7:23; Imperative feminine singular אֲכֻּ֫לִי Daniel 7:5; Participle feminine singular אָֽכְלָה, Daniel 7:7; Daniel 7:9; —
1 eat, of beast, Daniel 4:30 (accusative of thing).
2 devour, of beast in vision, Daniel 7:5 (accusative of thing), absolute Daniel 7:7; Daniel 7:19; hence figurative of kingdom, devour, devastate, Daniel 7:23 (accusative of earth).
3 in phrase ק־רְצֵיהוֺן ׳א Daniel 3:8 eat their pieces, i.e. slander them, compare Daniel 6:25 (see קְרַץ).
