Lexical Summary saphad: to wail, lament Original Word: סָפַדTransliteration: saphad Phonetic Spelling: (saw-fad') Part of Speech: Verb Short Definition: to wail, lament Meaning: to tear the hair and beat the breasts, to lament, to wail Strong's Concordance lament, mourner, wail A primitive root; properly, to tear the hair and beat the breasts (as Orientals do in grief); generally to lament; by implication, to wail -- lament, mourn(-er), wail. Brown-Driver-Briggs H5594. saphad [סָפַד] verb wail, lament (Late Hebrew id.; סְפַד ᵑ7, ChrPalAramaic id., SchwIdioticon 64; Assyrian [sapâdu]], sipdu, sipittu, mourning, DlHWB 507; compare Amharic dirge PräZMG xxxv (1881), 762); — Qal Perfect3feminine singular וְסָֽפְדָה consecutive Zechariah 12:12, 3plural וְסָֽפְדוּ consecutive 1 Kings 14:13; Zechariah 12:10; Imperfect3feminine singular וַתִּסְמֹּד 2 Samuel 11:26, 2masculine singular תִּסְמֹּד Ezekiel 24:16, 1singular cohortative אֶסְמְּדָה Micah 1:8, 3masculine plural יִסְמְּדוּ Jeremiah 6:16 +, etc.; Imperative masculine plural סִפְדוּ 2 Samuel 3:31 2t.; feminine plural סְפֹ֫דְנָה Jeremiah 49:3; Infinitive absolute סָפוֺד Zechariah 7:5; construct סְפוֺד Ecclesiastes 3:4, לִסְמֹּד Genesis 23:2; 1 Kings 13:29, לִסְמּוֺד Jeremiah 16:5; Participle active plural סֹפְדִים Isaiah 32:12, ׳סוֺ Ecclesiastes 12:5; — wail, lament (with loud cries, etc., see Micah 1:8, and compare DrAmos 5:16), especially for dead, with לְ, 1 Samuel 25:1; 28:3; 1 Kings 14:13, 18; Genesis 23:2 (P) Jeremiah 16:6; 22:18 (twice in verse); 34:5, compare לָהֶם וְאַלתָּֿנֹד לִסְמּוֺד וְאַלתֵּֿלֵךְ 16:5; with עַלֿ over 2 Samuel 1:12; 11:26; 1 Kings 13:30, compare Zechariah 12:10 (see 12:12 below); with לִפְנֵי i.e. marching before (bier) 2 Samuel 3:31 (see Dr); with accusative of congnate meaning with verb Genesis 50:10 (J); absolute 1 Kings 13:29; Ezekiel 24:16 compare 24:23; Ecclesiastes 3:4 (opposed to רקד; compare Psalm 30:12), and participle as substantive Ecclesiastes 12:5 wailers; also, with idea of guilt on part of those wailing, Zechariah 12:12 (compare 12:10 above); over calamity, judgment, with עַלֿ Micah 1:8, absolute Jeremiah 4:8 (both + הֵילִיל), 49:3 and (with fasting) Zechariah 7:5; Joel 1:13. — וגו עַלשְֿׂדֵיחֶֿמֶד סֹפְדִים ׳עַלשָֿׁדַיִם Isaiah 32:12 is dubious; Thes Ew De Che and others upon the breasts smiting (?) for the fields, etc., but read probably שָׂדִים (יִַ֯ם וֺֿת,) GesComm. (q. v.) BuhlLex 13 Skinner and others: over the fields wailing, over the delightful fields, etc. Niph`al Imperfect3masculine plural יִסָּֽפְדוּ לֹא Jeremiah 16:4 they shall not be bewailed, so 25:33. שְׂפֹדְנָה Jeremiah 49:3 Masora, < modern editions ׳ס see ספד. שׂפה (√ of following; compare Late Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; Assyrian šaptu, lip, edge; so Syriac ; Arabic lip, edge). |
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