H2763. charam

I. [חָרַם‎] verb Hiph`il ban, devote, exterminate (MI<sup>17</sup> החרמתה‎ of devoting, dedicating a city to Chemosh, in clause with כי‎ explaining massacre of all inhabitants; the altar-hearth of ׳י‎ there was dragged before Chemosh; be prohibited, forbidden, unlawful, become sacred; II. make, pronounce sacred, inviolable; Ethiopic prohibit from common use, consecrate to God, esteem unlawful; Palmyrene חרם‎ = consacrÈ Vog<sup>No 35</sup>; Nabataean id., Eut<sup>p. 28</sup>; Sabean מחרם‎ sanctuary, temple, Os<sup>ZMG 1865, 176. 252</sup>, חרמתן‎ DHM<sup>ZMG 1875, 594</sup>; Aramaic אַחֲרִים‎, and especially anathematize, excommunicate; see also We<sup>Skizzen iii, 165</sup>, Dr<sup>Sm 100 ff.</sup>, RS<sup>Semitic i. 140</sup> (150)) — Hiph`il Perfect הֶהֱרִים‎ Joshua 8:26 5t.; הֶחֱרִם‎ 10:28; 2masculine singular וְהַחֲרַמְתָּ֫ה‎ 1 Samuel 15:18; 1singular הֶחֱרַמְתִּי‎ 15:20; וְהַחֲרַמְתִּ֫י‎ Numbers 21:2; 2feminine singular וְהַחֲרַמְתְּ(יׅ‎ consecutive Micah 4:13 (so ᵑ7 ᵑ6 ᵑ9 ᵐ5‎ RV most; ᵑ0‎1singular), see Ges^{§ 44}, R. 4; plural הֶחֱרִימוּ‎ 1 Samuel 15:9; 2 Chronicles 32:14 etc.; (1 Samuel 15:3 read ᵐ5 והחרמתו‎ We Dr); Imperfect יַחֲרִם‎ Leviticus 27:28; וַיַּחֲרֵם‎ Numbers 21:3; Joshua 10:37; suffix וַיַּחֲרִימָהּ‎ 10:1; 1plural וַנַּחֲרֵם‎ Deuteronomy 2:34; 3:6 etc.; Imperative הַחֲרֵם‎ 13:16; plural הַחֲרִימוּ‎ Jeremiah 51:3; suffix הַחֲרִימוּהָ‎ 50:26; Infinitive absolute הַחֲרֵם‎ Deuteronomy 3:6 4t.; construct הַחֲרִים‎2 Chronicles 20:23; Daniel 11:44; suffix הַחֲרִימָם‎ Joshua 11:20 4t.; — ban, devote (especially religiously, followed by objects hostile to the theocracy [see especially Exodus 22:19 Hoph`al]; this involved Generally their destruction; when a city was 'devoted' the inhabitants were put to death, the spoil being destroyed or not according to the gravity of the occasion [contrast Joshua 6:17, 21; 1 Samuel 15:3 with Deuteronomy 2:34f. 3:6-7,], compare MI¹⁷ החרמתה כמש לעשתר‎ to Ashtar-Chemosh I devoted it, i.e. the city Nebo); —

1 most often of devoting to destruction cities of Canaanites and other neighbours of Israel, exterminating inhabitants, and destroying or appropriating their possessions:

a. Israel and her leaders subject Numbers 21:2-3,(destruction according to vow), Joshua 6:21 (compare ליהוה חֵרֶם‎ 6:17; all J); in 6:18 read תַּחְמְדוּ‎ (for תַּחֲרִימוּ ᵑ0‎, see Di VB); 8:26 (ᵐ5‎, not ᵐ5‎^L, omit verse), 10:1 (JE), Deuteronomy 2:34; 3:6 (twice in verse); 7:2 (twice in verse) (commanded through Moses, compare for underlying thought 7:4; 7:5; 7:6), 20:17 (twice in verse) (commanded by ׳י‎), Joshua 2:10; 10:28, 35, 37, 39, 40 (divine command), 11:11-12, 20, 21 (divine command 11:12; 11:20; all D), 1 Samuel 15:3, 8, 9 (twice in verse); 15:15, 18, 20 (divine command 15:3; 15:18; 15:20, compare 15:11; 15:22; 15:23); quite secondary is simple exterminate 1 Kings 9:21; 1 Chronicles 4:41.

b. secondary meaning destroy, exterminate, also with other nations subject: — 2 Kings 19:11 = Isaiah 37:11 2 Chronicles 32:14; 20:23; Jeremiah 50:21, 26 (both by divine command), 51:3; Daniel 11:44.

c. God as subject, figurative all nations and their armies Isaiah 34:2; the nations of Western Asia Jeremiah 25:9; the tongue of the Egyptian sea (by drying it up) Isaiah 11:15 (but read perhaps החריב‎ with ᵑ7 ᵑ9 ᵑ6 ᵐ5‎).

d. so also of devoting even Israelites: a city of Israel for worshipping other gods Deuteronomy 13:16; residents of Jabesh-Gilead for not joining in campaign against Benjamin Judges 21:11.

2 devote to ׳י‎: for sacred uses ליהוה החרים‎ the spoil of the nations Micah 4:13; private possessions, whether a man, animal, or field Leviticus 27:28 (P).

Hoph`al Imperfect יָחֳרַם‎ Leviticus 27:29; Ezra 10:8; יָחֳרָ֑ם‎ Exodus 22:19; —

1 be put under the ban, devoted (to death), for worshipping other gods than ׳י‎ Exodus 22:19 (J E; earliest use of word in OT); for some other theocratic offence Leviticus 27:29 (P; see Di).

2 devoted, i.e. forfeited, to the temple treasures Ezra 10:8. — On חרם‎ see especially Di (Kn) Leviticus 27:28; Ew^{Antiq. 75. 78}, Dr 1 Samuel 15:33.

II. [חָרַם‎] verb slit (nose, lip, ear, etc.), mutilate, especially face (Arabic perforate, pierce, slit the partition between the nostrils, or the lip, or the lobe of the ear) —

Qal Passive participle שָׂרוּעַ אוֺ חָרֻם אוֺ מִּסֵּחַ אוֺ עִוֵּר אִישׁ‎ a man blind or lame or mutilated in the face (in nose, lip, ear, etc.), or too long in a limb Leviticus 21:18 (H), see Di (Kn).