H5676. eber

I. עֵ֫בֶר‎₉₁ noun masculine^{1 Samuel 14:40} region across or beyond, side (on formation compare Ba^{NB 144}; compare especially Assyrian êbru, êbirtu, id., êbirtan, adverb beyond); — ׳י‎ absolute 14:4 +; construct Joshua 24:4 +; suffix עֶבְרוֺ‎ Isaiah 47:15; plural construct עֶבְרֵי‎ 7:20; Jeremiah 48:28 (si vera lectio, see below); suffix עֲבָרָיו‎ 1 Kings 5:4; Jeremiah 49:32 (read probably עֶבְרֵיהֶם‎, so Vrss), עֶבְרֵיהֶם‎ Exodus 32:15; —

1 region across or beyond anything (usually wady, river, or sea), mostly with preposition:אַרְנוֺן בְּעֵבֶר‎ Numbers 21:13 (JE) Judges 11:18, compare Jeremiah 25:22; ׳אֶלעֿ הַיָּם‎ Deuteronomy 30:13 b, לַיָּם מַעֵבֶר‎ 30:13 a beyond the sea; ׳מֵע לְנַהֲרֵיכֿוּשׁ‎ Isaiah 18:1, compare ׳עַדמֵֿע‎ 1 Kings 4:12 (מִן‎ on the side of, on, see מִן‎

1c; so usually with ׳ע‎); but also (rarely) ׳מֵע‎ from the other side of Zephaniah 3:10; Job 1:19; 2 Chronicles 20:2; absolute ׳הַע‎ 1 Samuel 26:13 to the other side (that is, of a ravine; after וַיַּעֲבֹר‎); הָעֵמֶק בְּעֵבֶר‎ 31:7, read perhaps הָע ׳בְּעָרֵי‎, so Klo Bu HPS; פִיפָֿ֑חַת בְּעֶבְרֵי‎ Jeremiah 48:28 beyond the mouth of a chasm is dubious; Gie proposes בַתֹּת כֵפֵי בְּחֹרֵי‎ in the rock-holes of the precipices; especially (chiefly Hexateuch, 37 t.) ׳ע הַיַּרְדֵּן‎ (30 t.), or (less often, Joshua 13:32 13t.), יְרֵחוֺ לְיַרְדֵּן לַיַּרְדֵּן,‎ (only with ׳מֵע‎), of either east Jordan (36 t.) or west Jordan land (9 t.) according to standpoint of speaker or writer:

A. east Jordan (from standpoint of writer) Genesis 50:10-11, (J) Joshua 17:5 (JE) Deuteronomy 1:1, 5; 4:41, 46, 47, 49; Joshua 1:14; 12:1; 13:8 (D), Numbers 22:1; 32:19; 34:15; Joshua 13:27, 32; 14:3; 20:8 (P), Judges 7:25; 10:8; 1 Samuel 31:7; Isaiah 8:23; 1 Chronicles 6:63; 12:37; from standpoint of speaker, Joshua 7:7 (JE), 24:8 (E), 1:15; 2:10; 9:10; 18:7; 22:4 (D), Judges 5:17; in Numbers 35:14 (Moses speaks) it is land opposed to to Can., compare 32:32; in Deuteronomy 3:8 (Moses speaks) writer (D) ascribes his own standpoint to Moses; (often further topographical note is added, e.g. מִזְרָ֫חָה‎ 4:49 +, הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ מִזְרַח‎ Joshua 1:15 +, etc.); יִשְׂר בְּנֵי ׳אֶלעֵֿבֶר‎ 22:11 toward the region opposite the sons of Israel apparently also refers to east side (see Steuern on text).

B. West Jordan (9 t.), from standpoint of speaker Deuteronomy 3:20, 25 (Moses), also 11:30 (but here + הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ מְכוֺא‎, and in all following some special designation of West), + יָ֫מָּה‎ Joshua 5:1 (D; from standpoint of those just crossed), 12:7 (opposite East 12:1-6), 22:7 (id.; Kt מעבר‎, Qr בְּעֵבֶר‎), compare 9:1 (as 5:1); + וָהָ֑לְאָה‎ Numbers 32:19 a (opposite East v^b); in 1 Chronicles 26:30 ׳ע ׳מֵע ׳לַיַּר מַעֲרָ֑בָה‎ seems = side (see below). Also ׳בְּע הַנָּהָר‎ beyond the river (Euphrates) Joshua 24:2, 14, 15 (E; Kt Qr ׳מֵע‎), ׳מֵע‎ 2 Samuel 10:16 = 1 Chronicles 19:16 beyond, and 1 Kings 14:5 to the other side of (see מִן‎ 1c); ׳מֵע‎ from beyond the river only Joshua 24:3 (E), in all these = beyond the Euphrase eastward, from standpoint of those west of Euphrase; so plural הַנּ ׳בְּעֶבְרֵי‎ Isaiah 7:20; possibly also ׳ע‎ alone (si vera lectio) in the difficult passage Numbers 24:24; ׳ע הַנָּהָר‎ = region beyond the river (Euphrase) westward (from standpoint of those in Babylonia or Persia) Nehemiah 2:7, 9; 3:7; Ezra 8:36; also 1 Kings 5:4 (twice in verse) (written in Babylonian; compare Biblical Aramaic עֲבַר‎, and Dr^{Intr (6) 504}). **Compare late Assyrian ebir nari Schr^{KB iv. 304, l. 7 from below; KAT 3. 188, 437}.

2 (Opposite) side, side: ׳מֵע הַלָּז‎ 1 Samuel 14:1 on yonder side seems transition to this meaning; ׳מֵהָע מִזֶּה‎ twice, 14:4 = on one side, on the other side, so ׳לְע אֶחָד‎ twice 14:40; even עִבְרֵיהֶם מִשְּׁנֵי‎ Exodus 32:15 (E) on their two sides (i.e. of tablets); ׳אֶלעֿ בָּ֑יְתָה הָאֵפוֺד‎ 28:26 (P) toward the inner side of theephod; in 1 Kings 7:20, 30 ׳ע‎ apparently = at the side of or opposite, but the architectural details are obscure; מִסָּבִיב מִכָּלעֲֿבָרָיו‎ 5:4 on all sides of him, round about, מִכָּלעֲֿבָרָיו‎ Jeremiah 49:32 (read עֶבְרֵיהֶם‎ Vrss Gie) from all sides of them (all directions, = מִכָּלסְֿבִיבָ֑יִךְ‎ 49:5); יֵלֵ֑כוּ מָּנָיו אֶלעֵֿבֶר‎ to the side of their faces (i.e. in front, straight forward) they (always) went Ezekiel 1:9, 12; 10:22, compare ׳עַלעֿ מָּנֶיהָ‎ Exodus 25:37 to give light upon the space in front of it; תָּעוּ לְעֶבְרוֺ אִישׁ‎ Isaiah 47:15 they wander away each in his own direction (regardless of thee). — On 1 Chronicles 26:30 see above