H8074. shamem

[שָׁמֵם‎] verb be desoleted, appalled (connection of meanings not clear) (Late Hebrew id.; Jewish-Aramaic שְׁמַם‎ Ithpe`el be dazed); —

Qal Perfect3feminine singular שָׁמֵ֑מָה‎ Ezekiel 35:15, etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular יִשֹּׁם‎; 1 Kings 9:8 +, 3 masculine plural יָשֹּׁ֫מּוּ‎ Job 17:8; Psalm 40:16, etc.; Imperative masculine plural שֹׁ֫מוּ‎ Jeremiah 2:19; Infinitive construct (?) metaplastic שַׁמוֺת‎ Ezekiel 36:3 (Ges^{§ 67r}, but see infra); — תֵּשַׁם‎, etc. (see [יָשַׁם‎]) are placed here by most; 6:6 reads תִּישָׁ֑מְנָה‎, see Ges § 67 p dd; — Participle שׁוֺמֵם‎ Lamentations 3:11 (see also

Po-.); feminine שֹׁמֵמָ֔ה‎ (Ges^{§ 84a} s) 2 Samuel 13:20 +; plural שׁוֺמֵמִין‎ Lamentations 1:14, etc.; —

1 be desolated, of Tamar 2 Samuel 13:20 (i.e. deflowered, or deserted; others appalled), of person elsewhere late Lamentations 1:16; שֹׁמֵמָה נְתָנַנִי‎ 1:13, שׁ ׳שָׂמַ֫נִי‎ 3:11; participle as feminine noun שׁוֺמֵמָה בְּנֵי‎ Isaiah 54:1 (opposed to בְּעוּלָה‎) [Daniel 8:13 +?

Po-.]; usually of land, etc. (sometimes=deserted), Isaiah 49:8; Ezekiel 33:28 (עוֺבֵר מֵאֵין‎), 35:12 (read שָֽׁמְמוּ‎ Qr Co Toy Krae; >Kt שׁממה‎), 35:15; הַשֹּׁמִמוֺת הֶחְָרָבוֺת‎ 36:4 ("" שַׁמּוֺת הַנֱּעֶזָבוֺת הֶעָרִים‎) 36:3 is probably corrupt, Co שְׁאָט‎ as 36:5, Hi-Sm from שׁמה‎ = נשׁם‎, Toy reads נָשֹׁם‎, Krae נָשֹׁם‎; — participle feminine plural as noun = desolate places Isaiah 49:19; 61:4 (both "" חֳרָבוֺת‎), 61:4 (compare שְׁמָמָה‎ 62:4); = desolations Daniel 9:18, 26.

2 be appalled, awestruck, usually at (עַל‎) judgments on others, Leviticus 26:32 (H), Jeremiah 2:12 (see II. [ חָרֵב‎]), Ezekiel 26:16; 27:35; 28:19; Isaiah 52:14; Job 17:8, compare 1 Kings 9:8 2 Chronicles 7:12; Jeremiah 18:16; 19:8; 49:17; 50:13; on oneself Psalm 40:16 (עַלעֵֿקֶב‎). — Isaiah 42:14 see [נשׁם‎].

Niph`al Perfect3feminine singular נָשַׁ֫מָּה‎ Jeremiah 12:11 +, 3 plural נָשַׁ֫נּוּ‎ Zephaniah 3:6 +; Participle feminine נְשַׁמָּה‎ Ezekiel 36:34 +, etc.; — =

Qal: 1. be desolated, of roads Leviticus 26:22 (H), Isaiah 33:8, bamoth Amos 7:9 ("" יֶחֱרָ֑בוּ‎), altars Ezekiel 6:4; compare 25:3; 32:15; Zephaniah 3:6; Zechariah 7:14; Joel 1:17; Psalm 69:26; of lands Ezekiel 29:12; 30:7; 36:34-35, cities Isaiah 54:3 (opposed to יוֺשִׁיבוּ‎), compare Ezekiel 36:35; Amos 9:14; Jeremiah 33:10; הַנְּשַׁמָּה‎ Ezekiel 36:36 the desolated (that is, land, in figure).

2 be appalled Jeremiah 4:9; Lamentations 4:5; Ezekiel 4:17; 30:7, with עַל‎ of thing Job 18:20.

Po` Participle

1 מְשׁוֺמֵם וֵָאשְׁבָה‎ Ezra 9:3I sat appalled, compare 9:4

2 transitive appalling, causing horror (Dr^{Dan 150 f.}): מְשֹׁמֵם (הַ)שִּׁקּוּץ‎ Daniel 11:31, + perhaps 9:27 a (see שִׁקּוּץ‎); so also ׳שִׁוּ שֹׁמֵם‎ 12:11 (on ׳שׁ‎ v, Ges^{§ 52s}), שֹׁמֵם הַמֶּשַׁע‎ 8:13 the crime causing horror, and ׳שׁ‎ as noun horror-causer, appaller, 9:27b.

Hiph`il Perfect2masculine singular הֲשִׁמּ֫וֺתָ‎ Job 16:7, etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular יַשּׁים‎ (Ges^{§ 67y}) Jeremiah 49:20; 50:45, 3masculine plural suffix וַיְשִׁמֵּם‎ 1 Samuel 5:6, 1plural נַשִּׁים‎ Numbers 21:30, etc.; Imperative masculine plural הָשַׁמּוּ‎ (Ges^{§ 67v}) Job 21:5; Infinitive absolute הַשְׁמֵם‎ Micah 6:13; Participle מַשְׁמִים‎ Ezekiel 3:15; —

1 devastate, ravage, accusative of person 1 Samuel 5:6; Ezekiel 20:26; Hosea 2:14 (figurative of vine), Job 16:7; accusative of location Leviticus 26:31-32, (H) Jeremiah 10:25; Ezekiel 30:12, 14; Psalm 79:7, so (accusative omitted) Numbers 21:30 (poem in J E), Micah 6:13; — Ezekiel 14:8 see שִׂים‎

Hiph`il 2. a. appal, accusative of person, with עַל‎ at, Jeremiah 49:20; 50:45; Ezekiel 32:10.

b. inwardly transitive, ׳מִשׁ וָאֵשֵׁב‎ Ezekiel 3:15 shewing horror, Job 21:5 (Bu Niph`al הִשַּׁמוּ‎).

Hoph`al Infinitive construct הָשַּׁמָּה כָּליְֿמֵי‎ (that is הָאָרֶץ‎) Leviticus 26:34 (H) all the days of (its) being desolate, so 26:35; 2 Chronicles 36:21; Aramaizing, בָּהְשַׁמָּה‎ (Ges^{§ 67y}) Leviticus 26:43.

Hithpo`el Imperfect3masculine singular יִשְׁתּוֺמֵם‎ Psalm 143:4, etc.; —

1 be appalled, astounded, כִּי‎ that, because, Isaiah 59:16; 63:5; עַל‎ of thing Daniel 8:27; יִשְׁתּ ׳עבּתוֺכִי‎ Psalm 143:4 (compare 1 plural נשתומם‎ Ecclus. 43:24).

2 cause oneself desolation, ruin, Ecclesiastes 7:16.