H8064. shamayim

[שָׁמַי‎] noun masculine^{Deuteronomy 33:28} only plural שָׁמַ֫יִם‎₄₂₁ (Sta^{§324 a}) heavens, sky (Late Hebrew id.; Assyrian šamû plural šamê, šamûtu, also šamâmu, compare Phoenician שמם‎; Sabean סמה‎ Hom^{Chr 46, 124}; Arabic Ethiopic Aramaic שְׁמַיָּא‎ ; Palmyrene, Nabataean שמ(י)ן‎ in proper name (compounded with בעל‎) Lzb¹⁵³ GACooke⁴⁵; on plural form see Ba^{ZMG xiii (1888), 341 f.}); — absolute ׳שׁ‎ Genesis 1:1 +, מָ֑יִם‎- 2:4 +; הַשָּׁמַ֫יְמָה‎ Exodus 9:8 +; construct שְׁמֵי‎ Deuteronomy 10:14 9t.; suffix שָׁמֶיךָ‎ Psalm 8:4 2t., שָׁמָיו‎ Deuteronomy 33:28, שְׁמֵיכֶם‎ Leviticus 26:19, with verb plural, Hosea 2:23; —

1. a. visible heavens, sky, where stars, etc., are Judges 5:20; Genesis 15:5 (J), Deuteronomy 4:19; Genesis 1:14-15, 17 (P), hence הַשּׁ ׳כּוֺכְבֵי‎ 22:17 (JE) = 9 t. (usually as countless), הַשּׁ צְבָא ׳(כָּלֿ)‎ Deuteronomy 4:19; Jeremiah 8:2 + ( ׳צ‎

1c; rarely of angels, ׳צ‎

1b; before which fowl fly Genesis 1:20 (P), compare Deuteronomy 4:17; Jeremiah 8:7; Proverbs 30:19, הַשּׁ ׳עוֺף‎ Genesis 2:19 (J), 1:19 (P) + (עוֺף‎ 1), שׁ ׳צִמֹּר‎ Psalm 8:9, שׁ ׳נִשְׁרֵי‎ Lamentations 4:19; as רָקִיע‎ (q. v.) Genesis 1:8 (P), Psalm 19:2, with waters beneath and above Genesis 1:9 (P, compare 1:7), Psalm 148:4, darkened with clouds 1 Kings 18:45, cleared by wind Job 26:13; whence comes rain Genesis 8:2 (J), Judges 5:4; Deuteronomy 11:11 +, and dew Genesis 27:28 (J), 27:39 (E), Deuteronomy 33:28 (poem) +. compare שׁ ׳בִּרְכֹת‎ Genesis 49:25 (poem in J), שׁ ׳מֶגֶר‎ Deuteronomy 33:13 (poem), but also (destructive) fire 2 Kings 1:10 (twice in verse); Job 1:16 + (see also 2a below); ׳הֹבְרֵישׁ‎ Isaiah 47:13, i.e. astrologers, compare ׳אוֺתוֺתהַשּׁ‎ Jeremiah 10:2; as high Genesis 11:4 (J), Amos (:2(opposed to שְׁאוֺל‎), 11:6 (opposed to אֶרֶץ‎) +, הַשּׁ ׳עַדלֵֿב‎ Deuteronomy 4:11;as over all the earth, (כָּלֿ)הַשּׁ ׳תַּחַת‎ Genesis 6:17; 7:19 (both P), Deuteronomy 2:25; Ecclesiastes 1:13 וגו ׳מִתַּחַת‎ (of extermination) Exodus 17:14 (E), Deuteronomy 7:24; 9:14 +; specifically of Israel, שָׁמֶיךָ‎ 28:23, שְׁמֵיכֶם‎ Leviticus 26:19 (H); הַשּׁ ׳בֵּין הָאָרֶץ וּבֵין‎ 2 Samuel 18:9 (hung from tree), 1 Chronicles 21:16 (of angel), compare Ezekiel 8:3 (Ezekiel in vision), Zechariah 5:9 (flying ephah); ׳הַשּׁ הַשּׁ ׳מִקְּצֵה וְעַדקְֿצֵה‎ of limits of horizon Deuteronomy 4:32, compare 30:4; Nehemiah 1:9; Psalm 19:7 as made by God Jeremiah 51:15 (opposed to תֵּבֵל‎), Psalm 8:4 +? Deuteronomy 11:21; Job 14:12; Psalm 89:30; especially׳(הַ)שּׁ וְ(הָ)אָרֶץ‎ = universe (compare in Sabean, SabDenkm^{No.41.42, l.3}) Deuteronomy 3:24 Genesis 1:1 (P) + (especially Deuteronomy, Isa², Psalms), + הַיָם‎ Exodus 20:11; Haggai 2:6, etc., + לָאָרֶץ מִתַּחַת מַיִם‎ Exodus 20:4= Deuteronomy 5:8,.compare Proverbs 30:4, etc.; opposed to תְּהוֺם‎ 8:27 (+ אֶרֶץ‎ 8:29) ׳שׁ חֲרָשָׁה וְהָאָרֶץ חֲרָשִׁים‎ as part of future glory Isaiah 65:17; 66:22.

b. phrases are: הַשּׁ ׳אֲרֻבּוֺת‎ (letting rain through) Genesis 7:11; 8:2 (P), Malachi 3:10 (figurative), compare י ׳הֲיַעֲשֶׂה ׳א ׳בַּשּׁ‎ 2 Kings 7:2, 19, so שׁ ׳דַּלְתֵי‎ Psalm 78:23 (for manna), compare שׁ ׳דְָּגַן‎, 78:24, שׁ ׳לֶחֶם‎ 105:40; הַשּׁ ׳מוֺסְדוֺת‎ 2 Samuel 22:8 ("" הָאָרֶץ‎; in "" Psalm 18:8 ׳מ חָרִים‎), שׁ ׳עַמּוּרֵי‎ Job 26:11, שׁ ׳חוּג‎ 22:14; towards the sky is הַשָּׁמַ֫יְמָה‎ Joshua 8:20(J), Exodus 9:8, 10 (P), Job 2:12; Judges 13:20; 20:40; 2 Chronicles 6:13; עַלהַֿשָּׁמַיִם‎ Exodus 9:22-23, 10:21-22,(all E), ׳אֶלשֿׁ‎ Deuteronomy 32:40 (poem), Daniel 12:7, ׳שׁ‎ alone 1 Kings 8:22, 54; Job 35:5; Proverbs 23:5.

2. a. as abode of God (׳י‎) 1 Kings 8:30, 32 +? Psalm 2:3; Isaiah 66:1, etc., compare ׳רֹכֵבשׁ‎ Deuteronomy 33:26(poem), Psalm 68:34, whence he rains brimstone Genesis 19:24 (J), bread Exodus 16:4 (E), compare Nehemiah 9:15, casts hailstones Joshua 11:11 (E), talks with Israel Exodus 20:22 (E; Gi 20:19) +, compare Genesis 21:17; 22:11, 15 (E), looks down Deuteronomy 26:15 +, hears his people Psalm 20:7+ 10 t. Chronicles, etc.; he thunders ׳בַּשּׁ‎ 1 Samuel 2:10; Psalm 18:14,"" ׳מִןשֿׁ‎ 2 Samuel 22:14; he bends (נטה‎) ׳שׁ‎ to come down 22:10= Psalm 18:10, compare 144:5 and (rend) Isaiah 63:19; הַשּׁ ׳נִמְּתְּחוּ‎ Ezekiel 1:1 in vision of God, compare הַשּׁ ׳שַׁעַר‎ Genesis 28:17 (E; + אֱלֹהִים בֵּית‎); though even הַשּׁ ׳שְׁמֵי‎ the highest heuvens cannot hold him Deuteronomy 10:14; 1 Kings 8:27; 2 Chronicles 6:18, 2:5; Nehemiah 9:6; Psalm 148:4, שְׁמֵיקֶֿדֶם שְׁמֵי‎ 68:34; he is called הַשּׁ ׳אֱלֹהֵי‎ (post-exilic title) Ezra 1:2 2 Chronicles 36:23; + 11 t. Ezra Nehemiah; Jonah 1:9 (compare Aramaic, Daniel 2:18-19, 37, 44; in Genesis 24:7 add with הָאָרֶץ וֵאלֹהֵי ᵐ5‎, as 24:3), ׳אֵלהַֿשׁ‎ Psalm 136:26; his sword is ׳בַּשׁ‎ Isaiah 34:5, but also his חֶסֶד‎ Psalm 36:6, צֶדֶק‎ 85:12, אֱמוּנָח‎ 89:3, his word fixed 119:89. — ׳שׁ‎ are שָׁמָיו‎ (of Israel) Deuteronomy 33:28 (poem), שְׁמֵיכֶם‎ Leviticus 26:19; שָׁמֶיךָ‎ Psalm 8:4; 144:5, י ׳שְׁמֵי‎ Lamentations 3:66, ׳שׁ קָדְשׁוֺ‎ Psalm 20:7.

b. Elijah taken up ׳הַשּׁ‎ in whirlwind 2 Kings 2:1, compare 2:11.

3 ׳הַשּׁ‎ personified in various relations Isaiah 1:2; Jeremiah 2:12; Job 15:15; Psalm 19:2; 50:6 = 97:6; 89:6; 148:4.

4 ׳הַשּׁ מְלֶכֶת‎ see ׳מ‎ p. 573.

I, II. שַׁמָּה‎ see שׁמם‎. שָׂ֫מָּה‎ see שָׁם‎.

[שְׁמַ֫יִן‎] noun masculine plural heavens (Biblical Hebrew [שָׁמַי‎], שָׁמַיִם‎, √ שׁמה‎); — always emphatic שְׁמַיָּא‎:

1 visible sky Jeremiah 10:11; Daniel 4:8; 4:10; 4:17; 4:19; 4:20; 4:27; 4:28; שׁ ׳עוֺף‎ 2:38; שׁ ׳צִמֲּרֵי‎ 4:9; 4:18; שׁ ׳טַל‎ 4:12; 4:20; 4:22; 4:30; 5:21; שׁ ׳רוּחֵי‎ 7:2 winds of the sky; שׁ ׳עֲנָנֵי‎ 7:13; heavens + earth = universe Jeremiah 10:11, where God shews signs Daniel 6:28.

2heavens as abode of God Daniel 2:28; 4:31, hence, figurative, as ruling 4:23 (׳שׁ‎ sometimes = God in Late Hebrew, J, Aramaic, D^{Worte Jesu 179; Eng.Tr.218 f.}); as abode of angels 4:32 (Dr); elsewhere in phrase שׁ ׳אֱלָהּ‎ 2:18-19, 37, 44; Ezra 5:11; 5:12; 6:9; 6:10; 7:12; 7:21; 7:23 (twice in verse), שׁ ׳מֶלֶךְ‎ Daniel 4:34, שׁ ׳מָרֵא‎ 5:23.