H8085. shama

שָׁמַע‎₁₁₅₉ verb hear (Late Hebrew id.; Phoenician שמע‎ Lzb³⁷⁸; Assyrian šemû; Arabic ; Sabean סמע‎ mostly in derivatives, especially epithet of divinity סמע‎ he who hears Hom^{Chr 124} Fell^{ZMG liv (1900), 250, 252} DHM^{Hofmus. No. 10, 1. 1}; Ethiopic Aramaic שְׁמַע‎, , Old Aramaic שמע‎ Lzb³⁷⁸; compare also משמעת‎ MI²⁸ obedience); —

Qal₁₀₅₂ Perfect3masculine singular ׳שׁ‎ Genesis 24:52 +, שָׁמֵ֑עַ‎ Jeremiah 36:13 3t.; 2 feminine singular שָׁמַ֫עַתְּ‎ 1 Kings 1:11 2t.; 3 plural שָׁמֵ֑עוּ‎ Judges 2:17 +, etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular יִשְׁמַע‎ Exodus 6:30 +, 1 singular cohortative אֶשְׁמְעָה‎ Numbers 9:8, וָאֶשְׁמְָעָה‎ (on ְָ֯‎ compare Ges^{§ 10h}; Ol^{§ 65 c question} reading) Daniel 8:13; 2masculine plural תִּשְׁמְע֔וּן‎ Deuteronomy 8:20 +, תִּשְׁמָע֔וּן‎ 1:17, etc.; Imperative masculine singular שְׁמַע‎ Amos 7:16 +, שִׁמְעָךְ‎ Job 32:10 + (especially Psalms), שְׁמָ֨עָךְ֨‎ Daniel 9:19; feminine plural שְׁמַעְנָה‎ Isaiah 32:9; Jeremiah 9:19, שְׁמַ֫עַן‎ Genesis 4:23 (Ges^{§ 46f}), etc.; Infinitive absolute שָׁמוֺעַ‎ Isaiah 6:9 +; construct שְׁמֹעַ‎ 1 Samuel 15:22 +; suffix שָׁמְעו‎ Deuteronomy 29:18 +, שָׁמְעָתוֺ‎ Isaiah 30:19 (Genesis 18:10 + etc.; —

1

subject human person (or thing personified):

a. hear (perceive by ear), accusative of thing, especially קוֺל‎ Genesis 3:10 (J) + 46 t., דבר(יםׅ‎ Amos 8:11 50t., etc.; accusative חָכְמָה‎ i.e. wise sayings 1 Kings 5:14 4t.; so any utterance or sound (approximately 150 t. in all) + (object omitted) Deuteronomy 4:33 32t. + (temporal clause) 1 Samuel 14:27 6t.; very rarely with ׳שׁ י ׳בְּסוֺד ב,‎ Job 15:8; with object clause, ׳כִּ‎ Exodus 4:31 52t. + Isaiah 39:1b (read ᵑ7 ᵐ5 שׁ ׳כִּי‎ "" 2 Kings 20:12), אֶתאֲֿשֶׁר‎ Joshua 2:10; 5:1 (both R^D), מַהֹֿ֯‎ Judges 7:11 3t.; without connect. עָשִׂיתִי ׳שׁ אֹתָהּ‎ 2 Kings 19:25 = Isaiah 37:26; singular oratio recta [direct speech] 40:28; Zechariah 8:23.

b. accusative of person + מְדַבֵּר‎ hear one speaking Genesis 27:6 (J), Jeremiah 26:7; Daniel 8:13, so בֹּכֶה‎ Numbers 11:10 (J), נִבָּא‎ Jeremiah 20:1 מְקַלְלֶ֑ךָ‎ Ecclesiastes 7:21; occas. pears. omitted, דֹּבְרִים‎ Genesis 37:17 (JE), אֶתמִֿדַּבֵּר‎ Ezekiel 2:2; 43:6 (see דבר‎ Hithpa`el); accusative of person only Daniel 12:7.

c. with לֵאמֹר‎ only, hear say = hear it said, 1 Samuel 13:4; 2 Samuel 19:3; Deuteronomy 13:13; Joshua 22:11 (P), 1 Kings 16:16; + עַל‎ person concerning Genesis 41:15 (E), Isaiah 37:9; אֶל‎ person id. 2 Kings 19:9.

d. hear of, concerning: (1) accusative of thing, אֵת(כָּלֿ)אֲשֶׁר‎ Exodus 18:1; 2 Kings 19:11 5t., דבר(יםׅ‎ 1 Samuel 3:11 4t., רָעָה‎ Jeremiah 19:3 5t., etc.; כַּאֲשֶׁר‎ 1 Samuel 23:11; Psalm 48:9, כָּואֹת‎ Isaiah 66:8 hear of anything like this, כָּאֵלֶּךְ‎ Jeremiah 18:13; accusative, etc., omitted Judges 9:46 43t.; (2) less often accusative of person Job 42:5, אֶל‎ person Ezekiel 19:4, person omitted Deuteronomy 9:2; with ב‎ person hear exultantly of their fate Psalm 92:12 (probably imitated from "" בְּ הִכִּיט‎ v^a; see especially ראךְ‎ 8a (6)).

e. hear, absolute, = have power to hear, 2 Samuel 19:36 (with בְּקוֺל‎ ), Isaiah 21:3; 32:3; Proverbs 20:12; Zechariah 7:11; in simile Psalm 38:15; with negative of idols Deuteronomy 4:28; Psalm 115:6; figurative (spiritual power) Jeremiah 5:21; Deuteronomy 29:8; Ezekiel 12:2; Isaiah 42:20. — Proverbs 21:28 is probably corrupt, see Toy.

f. hear with attention, interest, listen to (sometimes "" חֶאֱןין‎), חִקְשִׁיב‎ accusative דבר(יםׅ‎ (54 t.) Amos 4:1 +, especially י ׳דבר(י)‎ Numbers 12:6 (JE) + 45 t.; אִמְרָה‎ Isaiah 28:23, קוֺל‎ 28:23, זאֹת‎ Micah 3:9, etc.; often absolute Judges 5:3 57t., + (negative) Psalm 38:14 pay no attention; absolute שֹׁמֵעַ לֵב‎ 1 Kings 3:9, שֹׁטֵעַ אִישׁ‎ Proverbs 21:28.

g. understand (language), שָׂפָחךְ‎ Genesis 11:7 (J), Isaiah 33:19, לָשׁוֺן‎ Deuteronomy 28:49, דְּבָרִין‎ Ezekiel 3:6, מַהיְּֿדַבֵּר‎ Jeremiah 5:15, no accusative Genesis 42:23 (E), 2 Kings 18:26 = Isaiah 36:11.

h. specif of hearing a (judicial) casre, דָּבָר‎ Deuteronomy 1:17, compare 1:17; accusative omitted בֵּין‎ person 1:16, of ׳י‎ Judges 11:10; with מִשְׁמָּט‎ 1 Kings 3:11; ׳לשׁ וְהָרֵע הִטּוֺב‎ 2 Samuel 14:17, לְךָ אֵין וְשֹׁמֵע‎ 15:3, compare Job 31:35.

i. with accusative of person in polite address, hear us (me)! Genesis 23:6, 8, 11, 13, 15 (all P), 1 Chronicles 28:2; 2 Chronicles 13:4; 15:2; 20:20

j. listen, give heed (sometimes "" הִקְשִׁיב‎), absolute, Genesis 42:21 (E) + 18: t., + (usually "" אֹ׃ון הִטָּה‎), Jeremiah 7:13-14t. Jeremiah, + (opposed to חָדַל‎) Ezekiel 2:5 3t. Ezekiel; + עַללֵֿב שִׂים‎ Malachi 2:2; hear + do Deuteronomy 5:24; 2 Kings 18:12, etc.; = consent, agree, Genesis 37:27 (J), grant request Judges 11:17; with ל‎ person (mostly late) 19:25; 1 Samuel 30:24; Job 15:17 16t., ׳לי‎ Hosea 9:17; Leviticus 26:14, 18, 21, 27; י ׳לְדִבְרֵי‎ 1 Samuel 15:1, לְעֵצָה‎ Proverbs 12:15.

k. with אֶל‎ person + listen to, yield to Genesis 49:2; Judges 2:17 69t. (׳אֶליֿ‎15t., especially Jeremiah 7:26 10t. Jeremiah), עַל‎ person 2 Kings 20:13; אֶלדִּֿבְרֵי‎ etc., Deuteronomy 18:19; Jeremiah 29:10 14t., עַלדִּֿבְרֵי‎ etc., 2 Kings 22:13 3t.; very rarely accusative of thing 1 Samuel 24:10 (Gi v.24:9).

l. ׳שׁ לְקוֺל‎ = id., obey, Genesis 3:17 (J) + 11 t. + (י ׳לְקוֺל‎) Judges 2:20; Exodus 15:26 (JE).

m. very often, ׳שׁ בְּקוֺל‎ = obey 1 Samuel 8:7 25t., + י ׳בְּקוֺל ׳שׁ‎ (׳י‎s word, etc.) Deuteronomy 4:30; Jeremiah 3:13 65t. (Deuteronomy 18 t., Jeremiah 18 t.).

n. obey, with accusative דבר(יםׅ‎ Joshua 1:18 2t. + (׳ד ׳י‎) Jeremiah 11:3 5t. Jeremiah; 1 Kings 12:24 2 Chronicles 11:4, etc.; accusative of person Exodus 6:12 (P), 2 Chronicles 28:11.

o. absolutebe obedient (especially to ׳י‎) Isaiah 1:19; Micah 5:14; Jeremiah 12:17 4t. Jeremiah + 7 t.

2 ׳י‎ (God) subject:

a. accusative דברים קוֺל,‎, etc., Genesis 21:17 (E), 2 Kings 19:4 (twice in verse); 19:16, usually with favour implied Numbers 20:16; Deuteronomy 33:7 +, so especially accusative תְּחנָּה תְּפִלָּה,‎, etc., 1 Kings 8:45; Psalm 6:10 +.

b. object clause כִּי‎ Genesis 29:33 (J).

c. no object (32 t.) Isaiah 59:2; Jeremiah 22:21, usually hear and foregive, help, etc 1 Kings 8:30, 32; Isaiah 30:19 +; hear be angry Psalm 78:59, compare 55:20.

d. = be able to hear Isaiah 59:1; Psalm 94:9.

e. ׳שׁ בְּקוֺל‎ = hear (and grant) Genesis 30:6 (J) + 6 t.

f.hear and answer, with אֶל‎ of city, etc., Genesis 21:7; 16:11; 1 Kings 8:28 8t.; with אֶל‎ person Deuteronomy 3:36 12t.

g. with לְ‎ of utterance Jeremiah 18:19; Psalm 61:6; ל‎ person Joshua 24:10 (E).

h. hear, accusative of person + מִתְנוֺדֵד‎ Jeremiah 31:18; favourably, with accusative of person Micah 7:7 3t., so, + ל‎ concerning, Genesis 17:20 (P); object omitted 2 Kings 22:19; Psalm 22:23 3t. + 34:7; 34:18 (hear and deliver); with temporal clause Jeremiah 11:14

Niph`al₄₂ Perfect3masculine singular נִשְׁמַע‎ Genesis 45:16 +, etc; Imperfect3masculine singular יִשָּׁמַע‎ Exodus 23:13 +, יִשָּׁמֵ֑עַ‎ 1 Samuel 1:13, etc.; Infinitive construct הִשָּׁמַל‎ Esther 2:8; Participle feminine נִשְׁמַ֫עַת‎ Jeremiah 51:46, etc.; —

1 be heard, of voice, sound, etc., 1 Samuel 1:13; 1 Kings 6:7; Job 26:14 (or 1 plural

Qal Imperfect?); of a resort, ׳נִשׁ לֵאמֹר ֗֗֗‎ Genesis 45:16 (E); subject clause, ׳כִּ‎, Nehemiah 6:1 (ל‎ person), compare clauseחשְׁבִים וְהַיְהוּדִים‎ 6:6; 6:7 be reported, (לַמֶּלֶחׅ הָאֵלֶּה כַּדְּבָרִיס‎); be heard, אֱםהֶיךָ לִפְנֵי‎ Daniel 10:12.

2 be heard of, כָּמֹהוּ‎ Deuteronomy 4:32.

3 be regarded, obeyed, Ecclesiastes 9:17; in 2 Samuel 22:45 = Psalm 18:45 it is be obedient (לִיׅ‎, si vera lectio (read perhaps

Qal. compare Now).

4 ׳וַיִישּׁ בְּקוֺלָם‎2 Chronicles 30:27 +?hearing was granted to their voice

Pi`el Imperfect3masculine singular וַיְשַׁמַּע‎ 1 Samuel 15:4 he caused the people (accusative) to hear and respond, i.e. he assembled them), so 23:8 (see Hiph`il 1 c).

Hiph`il₆₃ Perfect3masculine singular הִשְׁמִיעַ‎ 1 Kings 15:22 +, etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular suffix יַשְׁמִעֵנִי‎ Deuteronomy 30:12-13, 2masculine singular jussive תַּשְׁמַע‎ Judges 18:23, etc.; Imperative masculine singular suffix הִשְׁמִיעֵנִי‎ Psalm 143:8; feminine singular suffix הַשְׁמִיעִנִי‎ Song of Solomon 2:14; 8:13, etc.; Infinitive construct לַשְׁמִעַ‎ Psalm 26:7 (Ges^{§ 53q}); Participle מַשְׁמִיעַ‎ Jeremiah 4:15 +, etc.; —

1 of man:

a. cause to hear accusative of person + of thing Deuteronomy 30:12-13, Song of Solomon 2:14; 8:13 4t.; object of thing omitted (= make proclamation to) 1 Kings 15:22; object person omitted Jeremiah 5:20 +; accusative שָׁלוֺם‎ Isaiah 52:7; Nahum 2:1 i.e. proclaimpeace; אָוֶֺן‎ Jeremiah 4:15 (מִן‎ local); ׳הַשׁ קוֺל‎ utter a sound Joshua 6:10 (J; "" הֵרִיעַ‎), compare Judges 18:25 (קוֺלְךָ‎, + עִמָּנוּ‎), Isaiah 42:2; 58:4; ׳הִשׁ תְּהִלָּתוֺ קוֺל‎ Psalm 66:8 תּוֺדָה בְּקוֺל‎ 26:7.

b. absolute as musical term, sound aloud, לְהִשְׁמִיעַ בִּמְצִלְתַּיִם‎ 1 Chronicles 15:19 (perhaps to mark the time, Gr^{Psalms 67} De compare 16:5 also Psalm 150:5 שָׁ֑מַע בְּצִלְצְלֵי‎), מַשְׁמִיעִים‎ 1 Chronicles 15:16, 28; 16:42, ׳לְהַשׁ אֶחָד קוֺל‎2 Chronicles 5:13 i.e. probably in unison (Prince^{EB iii, 3241}), Nehemiah 12:42.

c. absolute make proclamation (often "" הִגִּיד‎), Amos 3:9; 4:5; Isaiah 41:26; Jeremiah 4:5-6t. Jeremiah

d. הַשְׁמִיעוּ‎, accusative of person + אֶל‎ location = summon Jeremiah 50:29, עַל‎ location 51:27 (compare Pi`el).

2 ׳י‎ subject:

a. cause to hear, accusative of person and thing Deuteronomy 4:10, 36 (מִן‎ local), 2 Kings 7:6 4t.; accusative of person omitted Isaiah 30:30 3t.; accusative of thing omitted 44:8; 48:5.

b. = tell, accusative of person + כָּזאֹת‎ Judges 13:23; accusative of person only, Isaiah 42:9; accusative of thing only, 48:3; Ezekiel 36:15 (אֵלַיִךְ‎).

c. absolute, make proclamation Isaiah 43:12; 62:11 (אֶל‎ location).

שְׁמַע‎ verb hear (see Biblical Hebrew); —

Pe`al Perfect3masculine singular ׳שׁ‎ Daniel 6:15; 1singular שִׁמְעֵת‎ 5:14, 16; Imperfect3masculine singular יִשְׁמַע‎ 3:10, 2m. pl. תִּשְׁמְעוּן‎ 3:5, 15; Participle active שָֽׁמְעִין‎ 3:7; 5:23; — hear: = have sense of hearing 5:23; with accusative of sound 3:5, 7, 10, 15, word 6:15; with clause דִּי‎ + עַל‎ person concerning, 5:14, 16.

Hithpe`el shew oneself obedient: Imperfect3masculine plural יִשְׁתַּמְעוּן‎ Daniel 7:27, with ל‎ person (probably).