H398. akal

אָכַל‎₈₀₆ verb eat (Arabic , Assyrian akâlu Dl^W, Aramaic אֲבַל‎, ) —

Qal Perfect אָכַל‎ Exodus 34:28 +; אָֽכְלָה‎ Numbers 21:28 +; etc. Imperfect יאֹבַל‎ Genesis 49:27 +; וַיּאֹ֫כַל‎ 25:34 +; וַיּאֹכַ֑ל‎ 3:6 +; יאֹכֵ֑ל‎ Leviticus 21:22 +; אֹכַל‎ Genesis 24:33 +; וָָֽאֹכַ֫ל‎ 27:33; וְאֹכֵ֑ל‎ Isaiah 44:19; וָָֽאֹבֵל‎ Genesis 3:12-13, 3plural יאֹכְלוּ‎ Genesis 32:33 +; יאֹכֵ֑לוּ‎ Deuteronomy 18:18 +; etc. (for יוֺכְלוּ‎ Ezekiel 42:5 read ᵐ5 יאצלו יוצלו,‎ Ew Co); suffix יאֹכְלֶנּוּ‎ Leviticus 7:6 +; תּאֹבַלְכֶם‎ Isaiah 33:11, etc., probably also תְּאָכְלֵהוּ‎ Job 20:26, either as secondary form from ׳תּאֹ‎ (Ew^{§ 253} Di) or textual error (Ges^{§ 68}. 1) > Pi`el, Thes Kö<sup>I, 389</sup>; or Po`el, Ki De MV; Imperative אֱכוֺל‎ 1 Kings 18:41 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute אָכוֺל‎ Genesis 2:16 +; construct אֲכֹל‎ Numbers 26:10 2t.; לֶאֱכֹל‎ Genesis 24:33 +; לְאָכְלָה‎ Jeremiah 12:9; Participle אֹכֵל‎ (אוֺכֵל‎) Genesis 39:6 +, אֹכֶלֶת‎ Exodus 24:17 +, etc. —

1 eat, human subject Genesis 3:11, 18 + often; mostly with accusative Exodus 16:35 +; also followed by מִןֿ‎ (eat of, — some of, — or from) 34:15; Ruth 2:14 +; followed by בְּ‎ (eat of or at) Exodus 12:43 f; absolute Deuteronomy 2:6 +; as act of worship Genesis 31:54 (compare 46:1) Exodus 18:12; 24:11; 34:15; Deuteronomy 12:7, 18; 14:23, 26 +; compare of priests Exodus 29:32; Leviticus 10:13 +; compare אֶלהֶֿהָרִים אָבַל‎ Ezekiel 18:6, 11, 15; 22:9 + 33:25 עַלהַֿדָּם‎ Co עַלהֶֿהָרִים‎; (but RS^{Rel. Semitic i. 324 N would emend first 4 by last}); eat up, finish eating Genesis 43:2 (with בלה‎) 1 Kings 13:28 +; לֶחֶם אָכַל‎ = take a meal Genesis 43:25; Exodus 2:20; 1 Samuel 20:24; Jeremiah 41:1 +; so ׳א‎ alone Genesis 43:16; 1 Samuel 20:5 +; ׳א לֶחֶם‎ = eat, get food Genesis 3:19; 2 Kings 4:8 +; Amos 7:12 (i.e. spend one's life) compare Ecclesiastes 5:16; א ׳לֹא ׳ל‎ i.e. fast 1 Samuel 28:20; 30:12; Ezra 10:6 compare Daniel 10:3; figurative ׳א אֶתבְּֿשָׂרוֺ‎ Ecclesiastes 4:5 (i.e. waste away); eat words Jeremiah 15:16 (i.e. eagerly receive); of adultery, Proverbs 30:20 אָֽוֶן׃ פָעַלְתִּי לֹאֿ וְאָֽמְרָה מִּ֑יהָ וּמָֽחֲתָה אָֽכְלָה‎; eat (taste) good fortune, ׳א בַּטּוֺב‎ Job 21:25; אָבְלוֺ לְמִּי‎ according to his eating, i.e. according to his needs in eating Exodus 12:4; 16:16, 18 also 16:21; compare Job 20:21 & below אָכְלָה‎; הַמְּרִי אָכַל‎ 2 Kings 19:29; Amos 9:14, of peaceful enjoyment of results of labour; figurative of receiving consequences of action, good or bad Proverbs 1:31; 18:21; Hosea 10:13 compare אֶתכַּֿסְמֵּנוּ גַּםאָֿכוֺל וַיּאֹכַל‎ Genesis 31:15 i.e. he has reaped all the benefit, compare Hosea 7:9; figurative of mourner, אָכָ֑לְתִּי כַּלֶּחֶם אֵפֶר‎ Psalm 102:10 (compare 80:6 Hiph`il, & Assyrian akâl al âkul, bikîtum kurmatî = food I ate not, weeping (was) my refreshment Hpt^{ASKT 166 f.} Obsev. 1. 21, 22 Zim^{BP 34. 42}); of gods, partaking of sacrifices Deuteronomy 32:38; figurative = destroy 7:16 (compare Numbers 14:9); compare Jeremiah 10:25; 30:16; 50:7; Hosea 7:7.

2 of beasts, birds, etc., eat, devour; Genesis 37:20, 33; 40:17, 19; 1 Kings 13:28; 14:11; 16:4; 21:23-24, Hosea 2:14 +; specifically of locusts Joel 1:4; 2:25; 2 Chronicles 7:13 compare Amos 4:9; moth Job 13:28; flies Psalm 78:45; worms Deuteronomy 28:39; also Ezekiel 19:3, 6 (of Israel under figure of lion), compare Jeremiah 50:7, 17; 51:34; also Hosea 13:8 (of ׳י‎ under fig, of lion), Ezekiel 22:25 (אָכָ֑לוּ נֶפֶשׁ‎, of false prophets under figure of lion).

3 figurative of fire, devour, consume Leviticus 6:3 (followed by 2 accusative consume offering to ashes) Nahum 3:13; Isaiah 5:24 (in simile), particular of fire from ׳י‎ Leviticus 10:2; 16:25; Judges 9:15 f 1 Kings 18:38; 2 Kings 1:10, 12, 14; 2 Chronicles 7:1; compare Amos 1:4, 7, 10, 12, 14; 2:2, 5; 5:6 +; Deuteronomy 5:22 of fire at Sinai; of ׳י‎ as fire (in judgment) 4:24 י ׳כִּי הוּא אֹכְלָה אֵשׁ אֱלֹהֶיךָ‎; compare 9:3; Isaiah 10:17 ("" בּער‎) 30:27, 30; 33:14 ("" עוֺלָם מוֺקְדֵי‎).

4 of sword, devour, slay Deuteronomy 32:42; 2 Samuel 22:26; 11:25; 18:8; Hosea 11:6; Jeremiah 2:30; 12:12; compare of devastation of land Isaiah 1:7; Jeremiah 8:16.

5 in Genl. devour, consume, destroy (inanimate subject) of drought Genesis 31:40; of pestilence Ezekiel 7:15; of woods 2 Samuel 18:8; compare Leviticus 26:38 אֹיְבֵיכֶם אֶרֶץ אֶתְכֶם וְאָֽכְלָה‎; of הַבּשֶׁת‎ Jeremiah 3:24 (see בּשֶׁת‎).

6 figurative of oppression, devour the poor, etc. Proverbs 30:14; Habakkuk 3:14 compare Psalm 14:4; of bitter enmity אֶתבְּֿשָׂרִי לֶאֱכֹל‎ 27:2. (compare Job 19:22).

Niph`al Perfect וְנֶאֱבַל‎ consecutive Exodus 22:5 Imperfect יֵאָכֵל‎ Genesis 6:21 +; וַיֵּאָכֵ֫ל‎ Numbers 12:12, etc.; Infinitive absolute הֵאָבֹל‎ Leviticus 7:18; 19:7; Participle feminine נֶאֱכֶ֫לֶת‎ 11:47; —

1 be eaten by man Exodus 12:46; 13:3, 7; 21:28; 29:34; Leviticus 6:9; 6:16; 6:19; 6:23; 7:6, 15, 16 (twice in verse); 7:18; 11:41; 19:6; 19:7; 19:23; 22:30; Lev 28:17; Ezekiel 45:21; of custom, usage Genesis 6:21; Exodus 12:16; Deuteronomy 12:22; Job 6:6; of permission to eat Leviticus 7:19; 11:13, 34, 47 (twice in verse); 17:13; with negative be uneatable Jeremiah 24:2-3, 8; 29:17.

2 be devoured by fire, consumed Zephaniah 1:18; 3:8; Zechariah 9:4; Ezekiel 23:25.

3 be wasted, destroyed, of flesh Numbers 12:12; Jeremiah 30:16.

Pu`al Perfect אֻכְּלוּ‎ be consumed with fire Nehemiah 2:3, 13 compare Nahum 1:10 (figurative); so Participle אֻכָּל‎ (= מְאֻכָּל‎ Ew^{§ 169 d}) Exodus 3:2; by sword Isaiah 1:20 תְּאֻכְּלוּ‎.

Hiph`il Perfect2masculine singular suffix הֶאֱכַלְתָּם‎ Psalm 80:6, וְהַאֲכַלְתִּ֫י‎ Isaiah 49:26; suffix וְהַאֲכַלְתִּיךָ‎ consecutive 58:14; הֶאֱכַלְתִּיח‎ Ezekiel 16:19; וְהַאֲכַלְתִּים‎ consecutive Jeremiah 19:9; Imperfect suffix יַאֲכִלֵנוּ‎ Numbers 11:4, 18, etc.; 2masculine singular js. תַּאֲכֵל‎; 1 singular אוֺכִיל‎ Hosea 11:4; Imperative הַאֲכִילֵהוּ‎ Proverbs 25:21, etc.; Infinitive לְהָכִיל‎ Ezekiel 21:33 (but Co לההל‎, q. v.); Participle מַאֲבִיל‎ Jeremiah 23:15, etc.; —

1 cause to eat, feed with, followed by 2 accusative subject mostly ׳י‎; Exodus 16:32; Deuteronomy 8:3, 16; Ezekiel 3:2; Jeremiah 19:9; absolute Hosea 11:4; compare Numbers 11:4, 18; figurative Jeremiah 9:14; 23:15; Isaiah 49:26; 58:14; Ezekiel 16:19; also Psalm 80:6 דִּמְעָ֑ה לֶחֶם הֶאֱבַלְתָּם‎ (compare 102:10 Qal above); followed by accusative of person + מן‎ Psalm 81:17, but also subject man Proverbs 25:21; 1 Kings 22:27; 2 Chronicles 18:26 לַ֫חַץ לֶחֶם וְהַאֲכִלֻהוּ‎ of prison fare; followed by accusative of person only 28:15, compare Ezekiel 2:3.

2 cause to devour, object sword Ezekiel 21:33 (but on text see Co).

[אֲכַל‎] verb eat, devour (Biblical Hebrew); —

Pe`al Perfect3masculine plural אֲכַ֫לוּ‎ Daniel 3:8; 6:25; Imperfect3masculine singular יֵאכֻל‎ 4:30; 3feminine singularתֵּאכֻל‎ 7:23; Imperative feminine singular אֲכֻּ֫לִי‎ 7:5; Participle feminine singular אָֽכְלָה‎, 7:7; 7:9; —

1 eat, of beast, Daniel 4:30 (accusative of thing).

2 devour, of beast in vision, Daniel 7:5 (accusative of thing), absolute 7:7; 7:19; hence figurative of kingdom, devour, devastate, 7:23 (accusative of earth).

3 in phrase ׳א ק־רְצֵיהוֺן‎ Daniel 3:8 eat their pieces, i.e. slander them, compare 6:25 (see קְרַץ‎).